Physicochemical properties of dried Saururus chinensis and the antioxidative activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of different batches of Saururus chinensis using different roasting temperature that were dried at different using different roasting temperatures and their were determined the antioxidative activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts. METHODS: Extracts were examined for the total phenolic acid content, the and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant properties, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTs scavenging activity and, the reducing power. RESULTS: Moisture content was significantly higher in the LSC and the crude ash content was significantly higher in the HSC. The crude protein content was higher in the LSC (although not significantly), and the crude fat and carbohydrate contents were higher in the HSC (although not significantly). The total phenolic content was lower in the samples extracted with water, but there was no significant difference. However, the extracts extracted with 70% ethanol at a high drying temperature were significantly higher. The low temperature and high drying temperature batches of Saururus chinensis were significantly higher in the samples extracted with 70% ethanol than those extracted with 70% ethanol. The total phenolic acid content, the total flavonoid content and the electron donating ability were highest in the ethanol extract of Saururuschinensis treated at a high temperature. However, the ABTs radical activity was highest in the water extracted, high-temperature treated Saururuschinensis. The 70% ethanol extract of high temperature roasted Saururuschinensis had the highest antioxidative activities of all the Saururuschinensis batches. CONCLUSION: The total phenolic acid contents, total flavonoid contents, electron donating activity and reducing power activity were highest in all the 70% ethanol extraction batches of the high-temperature treated samples.

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of saururus chinensis() / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. METHODS: The compounds were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and isolated by various chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, MCI and pre-HPLC. The structures were elucidated by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine (1), linarin (2), blumenol A (3), mannitol (4), 5,7-dyhydroxyl-3,4′-bimethoxyflavonoids (5), 6,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-naphthalene formic acid (6)3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (7), (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran-5-aldehyde (8), (6S,7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione (9), veratric acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), syringaldehyde (12), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (13) and physcion (14). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from the Rhizome of Saururus chinensis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Saururus chinensis. METHODS: The chemical constituents from the rhizome of Saururus chinensis were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and isolated by various chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, MCI and pre-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as aurantiamide acetate (1), echinuline (2), (-) -(7R, 8R) -7-O-acetylpolysphorin (3), elemicin (4), isoelemicin (5), 1, 4-bis (3, 4-dimethyoxyphenyl) -2, 3-dimethyl-1, 4-butanedione (6), saucerneol D (7), (2R) -3-(3', 4 ', 5'-trimethoxyphenyl) -1, 2 -propanediol (8), grandisin (9), rel-(7R, 8R, 7 'R, 8'R) -3', 4'- methylenedioxy-3, 4, 5, 5 '-tetramethoxy-7, 7 -epoxylignan(10), zanthopyranone (11), (±) -eritro-1-(3, 4, 5 -trimethoxy) -1, 2 -propanodiol (12), threo-3, 4, 5 -trimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1'-allyl-3', 5 '-dimethoxy-8. O. 4'-neolignan (13), (+) -(8R) -(2, 6 -dimethoxy-4-propenylphenoxy) -1-(3, 4, 5 -trimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (14), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid(15), (-) -galbacin (16), and (-) - (7R, 8R) -7-O-acetylraphidecursinol B (17). CONCLUSION: Compound 6 is a new natural compound. Compounds 1 - 2, 4 - 6, 8 - 9 and 11 - 13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Study on the Differences of Inorganic Elements in Different Parts of Saururus chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the differences of inorganic elements in different parts of Saururus chinensis.METHODS:The samples were treated with microwave digestion.The contents of 25 inorganic elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method:RF power of 1 200 W,cooling gas flow of 14 L/min,auxiliary gas flow of 1.0 L/ min,atomizing air flow of 0.9 L/min,He as collision gas with flow rate of 4.8 mL/min,sampling cone aperture of 1.1 mm,skimmer cone aperture of 0.9 mm,super skimmer cone aperture of 1.0 mm,integral time of 1 s,delay time of 40 s,single hop as scanning mode,repeated for 3 times.The data of principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were analyzed with the SIMCA-P 13.0 statistical software.RESULTS:The linear ranges of lithium (Li),beryllium (Be),boron (B),magnesium (Mg),aluminum (Al),titanium (Ti),vanadium (V),chromium (Cr),manganese (Mn),iron (Fe),cobalt (Co),nickel (Ni),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),gallium (Ga),arsenic (As),cobalt (Sr),cadmium (Cd),tin (Sn),antimony (Sb),barium (Ba),mercury (Hg),thallium (Ti),lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi) were 0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 9),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 8),0.1-10.0 μg/L(r=0.999 5),1.0-100.0 μg/L(r=0.999 5),1.00-100.0 μg/L(r=0.999 3),0.10-10.0 μg/L(r=0.999 9),0.05-5.0 μg/L (r=0.999 7),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 5),0.10-10.0 μg/L(r=0.999 8),1.00-100.0 μg/L(r=0.999 4),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 9),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 7),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 5),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 8),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 6),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 8),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 9),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 3),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 4),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 8),0.1-10.0 μg/L(r=0.999 6),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 6),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 6),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 7),0.05-5.0 μg/L(r=0.999 4),respectively.The detection limits were no higher than 13.2 ng/L.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5.12％.The recoveries ranged 90.18％-123.01％ (RSD were 2.05％-5.79％,n=6).The contents of Sb,Sn,Mn,Cd,Ti,Ba,Co,As,Be,Ga,Ni were higher in aerial part than in rhizome part,while the content of Cr was higher in rhizome part than in aerial part.CONCLUSIONS:Mg,Fe and A1 are abundant in aerial part and rhizome part of S.chinensis.The contents of inorganic elements are significantly different in different parts of S.chinensis.

Saurusine B: A new lignan from Saururus chinensis / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the whole plants of Saururus chinensis. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectrascopic analysis. Results: Seven compounds were obtained and identified as trans-7, 8-dihydro-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyl)-phenyl-1'-(2-oxopropyl)-3'-methoxy-8-methylbenzofuran (1), 4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy) phenyl-3- methyl-3-buten-2-one (2), (+)-guaiacin (3), (+)-trans-1,2-dihydrodehydroguaiaretic acid (4), (-)-isolariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (5), isonectandrin B (6), and perseal F (7), respectively. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named as saurusine B, and compounds 2-7 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Renoprotective and antioxidant effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in rats fed a high-fructose diet

This study investigated the preventive effect of Saururus chinensis Baill against renal damage induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. The rats (n = 30) were fed either a cornstarch-based (65%), high-fructose (65%), or high-fructose (64.5%) diet with 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained and the animals were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Serum urea and creatinine and urine albumin were measured using colorimetric methods, and creatinine clearance was determined. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the kidney were determined. Kidney samples were also examined histologically. The fructose-fed rats showed renal dysfunction, indicated by decreased creatinine clearance, increased albumin in the urine, and increased urea and creatinine in the serum. These renal function parameters were comparable to control levels in rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Fructose consumption increased renal TBARS and reduced GSH and SOD activity, whereas these levels were near-normal in the rats consuming S. chinensis Baill. The kidneys of fructose-fed rats showed glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubule dilation. These pathological changes were not seen in the rats that consumed S. chinensis Baill. Therefore, S. chinensis Baill effectively alleviated fructose-induced renal damage in these rats, at least partially due to antioxidant activity.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Saururus chinensis Baill was reported to inhibit alpha-glucosidase in vitro and flatten postprandial increase in blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We studied the effect of chronic consumption of S. chinensis Baill on blood glucose and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetic male rats fed high fat diet. Male rats weighing 100-120 g were fed 30% fat diet with and without 10% freeze-dried leaves of S. chinensis Baill for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. The rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) after 6-week feeding of the assigned diets. At 1 week after the injection, the rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose (380.2 +/- 14.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (93.9 +/- 7.9 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (123.6 +/- 7.5 mg/dL) of the S. chinensis Baill group were significantly lower than those of the control group (418.1 +/- 12.0 mg/dL, 119.9 +/- 9.4 mg/dL, 152.0 +/- 10.3 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.05). Chronic consumption of S. chinesis Baill significantly decreased maltase activity of the small intestinal mucosa (120.1 +/- 8.7 U/g protein) compared with the control group (96.8 +/- 7.0 U/g protein, p<0.05). These results suggest that S. chinensis Baill have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity in the animal model of diabetes mellitus.