Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: cambios densitométricos del cristalino / Type 2 diabetes mellitus: lens densitometric changes

La diabetes mellitus es la responsable de la quinta parte de todas las cataratas, el sistema de cámara rotatoria scheimpflug permite estudiar a profundidad los primeros cambios en la densidad de estos cristalinos, estableciendo valores densitométricos en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, con buena agudeza visual sin retinopatía diabética, y comparar dichos valores con un grupo control sin la enfermedad, desde junio de 2017 hasta marzo de 2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo, exploratorio y prospectivo, la población y muestra estuvo compuesta por pacientes que acudieron a la consulta oftalmológica del Hospital Domingo Luciani. Resultados: todos los valores densitométricos fueron mayores en los pacientes con diabetes que en los normales. La mayor diferencia se produce en los valores del núcleo, seguido de la cápsula anterior acercándose a la significancia estadística (p=0,02) y (p=0,01) respectivamente. El 75% de los pacientes con diabetes presentaron cambios importantes en densitometría de la cápsula anterior y el 40% en el núcleo. Conclusiones: la cápsula anterior en pacientes con diabetes de menor edad (50 a 60 años) presentó valores más elevados de densitometría con relación a los controles. En los grupos de 61 a 70 y 71 a 80 los valores fueron menores; se concluye que los cambios tempranos en la cápsula anterior se deben a la diabetes. En cuanto al núcleo se observó en el grupo control un incremento progresivo de la densidad a medida que iba aumentando la edad, pero al agregarse el factor diabetes, aumentaron notablemente los valores, acentuando de esta manera la evolución de la catarata senil. La diabetes altera precozmente la densidad de la capsula anterior y núcleo(AU)

Diabetes mellitus is responsible for one fih of all cataracts, the scheimpflug rotary chamber system allows to study in depth the first changes in the density of these lenses, establishing densitometric values in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, with good visual acuity without diabetic retinopathy, and compare these values with a control group without the disease, from June 2017 to March 2018. Methods: a comparative, exploratory and prospective study was carried out, the population and sample was composed of patients who attended the ophthalmological consultation of the Domingo Luciani Hospital. Results: all densitometric values were higher in diabetic patients than in normal patients. The greatest difference occurs in the nucleus values, followed by the anterior capsule approaching the statistical significance (p = 0.02) and (p = 0.01) respectively. 75% of diabetic patients presented significant changes in densitometry of the anterior capsule and 40% in the nucleus. Conclusions: the anterior capsule in diabetic patients with younger age (50 to 60 years) presented higher values of densitometry compared to non-diabetics. In the groups of 61 to 70 and 71 to 80 the values were lower; We conclude that the early changes in the anterior capsule are due to diabetes. As for the nucleus, a progressive increase in density was observed in the control group as the age increased, but when the diabetes factor was added, the values increased markedly, thus accentuating the evolution of the senile cataract. Diabetes precociously alters the density of the anterior capsule and nucleus(AU)

Comparison of Anterior Segment Measurements between Dual and Single Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.

Comparison of Anterior Segment Measurements between Dual and Single Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.

Central Corneal Thickness Measured by Noncontact Specular Microscopy, Dual Rotating Scheimpflug Camera and Ultrasound Pachymetry

PURPOSE: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) as measured using noncontact specular microscopy (NCSM), dual rotating Scheimpflug camera (Galilei(R)), and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). METHODS: The measurements of CCT using NCSM, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and USP in 70 eyes of 70 healthy subjects were compared. RESULTS: The average measurements of CCT using NCSM, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, and USP were 567.70 +/- 31.21 microm, 557.84 +/- 26.29 microm, and 553.31 +/- 29.69 microm, respectively. The CCT measurement using NCSM was statistically significantly thicker than when measured using USP (p 0.900, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the 3 methods were significantly correlated but the measurement using NCSM was significantly thicker than when using USP. CCT measurements of healthy eyes using dual rotating Scheimpflug camera were more correlated with USP than NCSM. The CCT measurements using dual rotating Scheimpflug camera is a better alternative for USP than NCSM.

Comparison of Keratometry and Corneal Higher Order Aberrations between Scout Videokeratoscope and Pentacam Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.

Comparison of Keratometry and Corneal Higher Order Aberrations between Scout Videokeratoscope and Pentacam Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.

Corneal Thickness Measured by Dual Scheimpflug, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, and Ultrasound Pachymetry

PURPOSE: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) as measured by dual rotating Scheimpflug camera (Galilei), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). METHODS: The measurements of CCT using a dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, AS-OCT, and USP in 40 eyes of 20 healthy subjects were compared. RESULTS: The average measurements of CCT by dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, AS-OCT, and USP were 538.10 +/- 31.36 microm, 536.20 +/- 31.21 microm, and 541.93 +/- 34.93 microm, respectively. The CCT measurement by USP was statistically significantly thicker than by the dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and AS-OCT (p = 0.017, p = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between the dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and AS-OCT (p = 0.054). A significant linear correlation was observed between the dual rotating Scheimpflug camera, the AS-OCT, and the USP (r > 0.900, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the 3 methods have significant correlation with each other, but the measurement by USP was significantly thicker than the dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and AS-OCT. Therefore, CCT should be interpreted in the context of the instrument used.

Measurement of White-to-White Diameter and Anterior Chamber Depth by Dual Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To estimate the horizontal and vertical white-to-white diameters (WTW) and anterior chamber depths (ACD) with a dual Scheimpflug camera (GALILEI(TM), Ziemer, Switzerland) and to compare the estimates measured by a measuring caliper and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM PlusTM, Paradigm Inc., Utah, USA) in normal subjects. METHODS: Forty-four eyes of 23 subjects were evaluated. Corneal diameter as measured by GALILEI was directly compared with the white-to-white diameter (WTW) measured by a caliper and the correlation with ciliary sulcus diameter (STS) by UBM was evaluated. The anterior chamber depth (ACD) as measured by GALILEI(TM) was compared with the estimates measured by UBM. RESULTS: The horizontal and vertical diameters of WTW by GALILEI were not significantly different from the measurements taken by calipers (p>0.05, p>0.05, respectively), and there were no correlations between the measurements (r=-0.074, p>0.05 at 180degrees r=0.297, p>0.05 at 90degrees, respectively). The estimates by GALILEI did not correlate with those measured with UBM (r=-0.006, p>0.05 at 180degrees r=-0.222, p>0.05 at 90degrees, respectively). However, the mean ACD by GALILEI was deeper than thatby UBM (p<0.01), and the measurements correlated strongly with each other (r=0.760; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The mean WTW measured by GALILEI was not significantly different from the measurements taken by calipers and the measurements did not correlate with each other. There was also no correlation with the measurementsby GALILEI and UBM. ACD by GALILEI was measured to be deeper those that by UBM.

Comparison of A-scan, Scheimpflug Camera, and Orbscan for Measurement of Anterior Chamber Depth

PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility and reliability of the A-scan, Scheimpflug camera and Orbscan Topography system in measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) METHODS: In this prospective study of 207 eyes of 150 patients, ACD estimation prior to cataract surgery was done by three METHODS: A-scan, Scheimpflug camera, and Orbscan (in that order). One observer performed all measurements three times for each test. ACD was defined as the length between the center of anteror surface of cornea and the center of anterior lens surface. RESULTS: The mean ACD by the three methods were 2.86+/-0.46 mm, 3.22+/-0.46 mm, and 3.13+/-0.44 mm, respectively: the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between Scheimpflug camera and Orbscan was 0.93. The coefficient of variation for the three methods were 3.20% in the A-scan, 1.34% in the Scheimpflug camera, and 0.84% with Orbscan. CONCLUSIONS: Applanation A-scan gives lower measurements for ACD compared with Scheimpflug and Orbscan. There was good agreement between results obtained with the latter 2 methods based on optical principles. Orbscan had the best reproducibility of results among the three methods.

Analysis of after Cataract using Scheimpflug Camera

The posterior capsular opacity is the most common complication occurring after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. For the purpose of the object analysis of the posterior capsular opacity, 127 eyes with the posterior capsular opacities were observed at 2 years after operation using the retroillumination and slit beam of Scheimpflug camera. In this study, the patients were undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation at Inha university hospital from January 1997 to December 1997. Of 127 eyes, 89 eyes were free of diabetes mellitus, 38 eyes not. 89 eyes, free of diabetes mellitus, were 24 eyes whose posterior capsular thickness was thinner than 0.06 mm, 40 eyes from 0.06 mm to 0.12 mm, 17 eyes from 0.12 mm to 0.18 mm, and 8 eyes above 0.18 mm.Visual acuity of four groups had statistical difference with one another.There was significant correlation between the mean visual acuity and the thickness of center of the posterior capsule statistically.There was significant correlation between the mean visual acuity and the area of posterior capsular opacity, between the mean visual acuity and the inclusion of visual axis in the opaque area statistically.In conclusion, if we measure the thickness and area of posterior capsular opacity using Scheimpflug camera with regular interval, we will get the knowledge of progression of after cataract.

The Relationship of the Lens Density with the Lens Thickness and the Anterior Chamber Depth

To investigate the relationship of the density change of lens nucleus and cortex with anterior chamber depth and lens thickness, we measured the anterior chamber depth, density and length of lens nucleus and cortex of 312 eyes with a Scheimpflug camera. The mean values of density of lens nucleus and cortex were 108.45+/-46.33CCT and 27.74+/-13.76CCT, respectively. The mean values of the thickness for both were 2.85+/-0.54mm and 1.29+/-0.46mm, respectively. The mean value of anterior chamber depth was 2.93+/-0.49mm. The densities of lens nucleus and cortex were increased significantly with aging, but lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were decreased. The value of anterior chamber depth changes and lens thickness changes were more rapid especially in the 5th and 7th decades compared with other groups(P<0.01), and more rapaid in the density group(100~150CCT) than other group in changing densities(P<0.05), and they were highly correlated with anterior cortex, posterior cortex, nucleus in order at each portion of lens. Both anterior chamber depth changes and lens thickness changes were more rapid in the lens cortex than those in the lens nucleus.

Change of Anterior Chamber Depth after Phacoemulsification with Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation in High Myopia

In order to study the influence of axial length in the increase of anterior chamber(AC) depth after phacoemulsification and the implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCL), we studied a group of 23 eyes a high myopia group with axial length over 27mm and another group of 23eyes a control group with axial length below 25mm. We measured the AC depth by using a Scheimflug camera preoperatively and at day 1, 3, 7, 30, and 60 after the operation. The mean axial length of the high myopia group was 29.70+/-1.51mm, and the axial length ranging from 27.31mm to 32.01mm. The preoperative mean anterior chamber depth of the high myopia group was 3.34+/-0.40mm and significantly deeper than that of the control group(2.94+/-0.39mm) (P=0.003). The percentage of the AC depth increase in the high myopia group was 26% at postoperative day 1, 28% at day 3, 29% at day 7, 32% at day 30, and 33% at day 60, while that in the control group was 19% at day 1, 15% at day 3, 22% at day 7, 21% at day 30, and 16% at day 60. In the high myopia group, the percentage of the AC depth increase after phacoemulsification and PCL implantation was higher than that in the control group. We observed continuous increase of the AC depth after the operation in the high myopia group. The axial length seems to be a factor in influencing the AC depth change after phacoemulsification, yet a further evaluation is needed to analyze the factors involved in the high myopic condition and to confirm the causes of the anterior chamber depth change in the high myopia group.

The Relationship with the Density of Lens Nucleus and Phacoemulsification Time

To investigate the relationship of the density, thickness of lens nucleus and cortex with phacoemulsification time, we measured the preoperative density and length of lens nucleus and cortex of 100 eyes with a Scheimpflug camera. We performed phacoemulsification on the same phacoemulsification technique using a phacoemulsifier aspirator by the same surgeon. The preoperative mean values of the density of lens nucleus and cortex were 127. 09+/-57.44 and 30. 33+/-15. 24, respectively. The mean values of the thickness for both were 3.05+/-0.42mm and 0.65+/-0.17mm, respectively. The mean value of phacoemulsification time was 92.68+/-56.98 seconds. The phacoemulsification time was increased significantly as the density of lens nucleus was increased (P<0.0001). However, the thickness of the lens nucleus and cortex and the density of cortex had no significant effect on the phacoemulsification time (p=0. 235, p=0.811). Preoperative evaluation with a Scheimpflug camera is particularly valuable for cataractous patients with corneal endothelial disease deciding on phacoemulsification.

Changes of Preoperative and Postoperative Anterior Chamber Angle in Phacoemulsification and Planned Extracapsular Cataract Extraction

To compare the preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber (AC) angle in cataract surgery, we performed phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOLs) implantation with 20 eyes (Group I) and planned extracapsular cataract extraction (p,ECCE) followed by PCIOLs implantation with 20 eyes (Group I). After that, we measured prospectively the preoperative and postoperative AC angle 1, 3, 7, 30 and 60 days by using a Scheimpflug camera. The preoperative mean values of AC angle were 3 1.25 3. 47 in Group I and 30. 58+/-4. 42` in Group I. The mean deepening of the AC angle was 3.24` in Group ! and 3.30` in Group n , the charnber angle quotient. was 1.10 in Group 1 and 1.15 in Group I at the postoperative one day. There was statistically significant difference (P0. 5). Based on these results, the deepening of AC angle after cataract surgery may be considered for cataract. extraction and posterior displacement of PCIOLs due to anterior angulation of PCIOLs haptics.

Anticataract Effects of Bendazac Lysine on Ultraviolet Induced Rat Cataract Based on Scheimpflug Camera

It has been known that ultraviolet B(UVB) light made an oxidative damage to lens proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to induce lens opacity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bendazac lysine salt (Bendaline) tot the experimental cataract developed by UV irradiation. Forty rats were exposed to 0.1mW/cm2 of UVB radiation in the range 300-320 mm for 24 hours per day. Five control rats were not exposed UVB radiation. During the investigative period, we measured lens opacity with Scheimpflug camera every other week. Rats were divided into 9 groups according to the duration of UV radiation and initial time of bendazac lysine medication. Bendazac lysine was administered orally by 25mg/kg per day for 2 months. The opacities on anterior cortex, nucleus and posterior capsule began to appear 4 months after UVB irradiation. The longer duration of radiation, the more severe opacity of lens was observed, especially at the layers of posterior supranucleus, posterior cortex and posterior capsule and in the opacity area by retroillumination image. After UVB induced cataract was developed, the lens opacity was not changed nevertheless stop the UV irradiation. Lens opacity of bendazac lysine-treated groups was not severer than that of no medication groups. There were less opacities on 4 month irradiated group rather than 6 month irradiated group at the layers of nucleus and posterior cortex and in the opacity area. Anticataract action of bendazac lysine was effective in earlier cataract. In the group of bendazac lysine medication with UVB irradiation on same time, the prophylactic evidence of bendazac lysine was not observed.

Changes of Preoperative and Postoperative Anterior Chamber Depth in Phacoemulsification and Planned Extracapsular Cataract Extraction

To compare the preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber depths in cataract surgery, we performed phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCIOLs) implantation on 20 eyes(Group I) and planned extracapsular cataract extraction(p-ECCE) followed by PCIOLs implantation on 20 eyes(Group II). After that, we measured prospectively the preoperative anterior chamber (AC) depths and postoperative AC depths 1, 3, 7, 30 and 60 days by using a Scheimpflug camera. The preoperative mean values of AC depths were 2.93mm in Group I and 2.71mm in Group II. In Group I, the postoperative AC depth was increased significantly compared to preoperative AC depth and the difference between preoperative and postoperative AC depth was maintained from the first day of measurement to day 60(p<0.001). In Group II, AC depth of the postoperative day 1 was significantly increased compared to the preoperative depth(p<0.001), but it was slightly decreased at postoperative day 30(p=0.002) and day 60(p=0.02). And there were no significant differences between Group I and Group II in changed of AC depth. The result implies that AC depth was increased significantly after both phacoemulsification and p-ECCE.

A Study for Measurement of the Anterior Chamber Depth and Angle Using Image Analysis Technique in Cataractous Eyes

We measured the anterior chamber depth and chamber angle to understand the biological structure of anterior segment and find a possible relation between cataract and angle closure glaucoma on 235 eyes over 40 years old divided into two groups: 111 cataract eyes and 124 normal control eyes using the Scheimpflug Camera(EAS-1000, Nidek, Japan) and image analysis technique. The values of the anterior chamber depth and angle of the eye of the young person were greater than those of older person, and the values in the male were deeper(p<0.01) and larger(p<0.05) than those in female in both groups. In cata ract eyes, the mean anterior chamber depth was 2.77mm and mean anterior chamber angle was 30.36 degrees. The mean anterior chamber depth and angle of normal control eye were 2.67mm and 29.10 degrees. The anterior chamber depth and angle in cataract group was deeper(p<0.05) and larger(p<0.05) than in normal control group.

Decentration and Tilt of Posterior Chamber Lens According to Anterior Capsulotomy

To evaluate the abnormal positions of intraocular lens after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, the study used the image analysis technique. Tilting and decent ration of posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCL) were studied according to the anterior capsulotomy. 103 patients(120 eyes) were randomized into 6 groups(20 eyes each) according to posterior chamber lens style and anterior capsulotomy type, and measured the degrees of tilting and decent ration of PCL by Scheimpflug camera. Three piece PCL implantation group showed significant less tilting than one piece PCL implantation group at postoperative 1 week. In one radial tear of anterior capsulotomy group, three piece PCL showed less tilting than one piece PCL. At postoperative 2 months, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without radial tear group showed significant less decent ration and tilting than one radial tear group. At postoperative 1 week and 2 months tilting of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis group was less than two or more radial tears group. As time passes from 1 week to 2 months tilting decreased significantly, but decentration did not showed significant decrease.

Normal Aging Changes of The Scattering Intensity in The Human Lens

This report represents a quantitative analysis of the human lens changes in density correlated with aging using the Scheimpflug Camera(EAS-1000, Nidek) and image analysis technique. We measured the scattering light intensity(biometric; analysis) of the 13 points from the anterior capsule to the posterior capsule in 156 eyes. In generally, the scattering intensity of lens anterior part was greater than that of posterior part. The scattering light intensity of lens was increased with aging except in the posterior subcapsule and posterior capsule. This results will assist the classification and monitoring of human cataracts grade.

The Effect of The IOL Position Studied by Using Scheimpflug Camera to The Postop Astigmatism

Management of surgically induced astigmatism is the major problem for surgeons implanting intraocular lenses. Besides corneal astigmatism, the fixation status of the intraocular lens(IOL) may contribute to postoperative astigmatism. This study was undertaken to analyze whether the variable factors such as fixation status, IOL type, and capsulotomy method affect tilting and decen tration of IOL. The tilting angle and decentration of the IOL were measured by image-processing technique using computerized Scheimpflug camera. The average tilting angle was 4.30 +/- 2.21 degree. The average decentration was 0.44 +/- 0.36mm from the corneal center. Based on these data, the astigmatic error induced by the tilting and/or decentration of the implanted IOL was calculated as within 0.1 diopter. Haptic fixation and designs were statistically significant for IOL posit ion but tilting and decentration were not significantly associated with capsulotomy method, agegroup, sex, and postoperative day.