Effect of Nutrition Teachers' Work Load and Job Tention on Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to examine nutrition teachers' workload, job tension, and job satisfaction. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of nutrition teachers' workload and job tension on job satisfaction. A self-administered survey was distributed via online to 240 school nutrition teachers, in Korea, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. A total of 132 respondents completed the survey. The survey asked respondents for the time required for each task, job tension, job satisfaction, and demographic information. The findings of the study indicated that nutrition teachers spent most of their time on foodservice operation/ management. Among factors affecting job satisfaction, amount of work showed the lowest score. Job tension (P<0.001) of school nutrition teachers and amount of work (P<0.01) negatively affected their job satisfaction. Moreover 'kind of work' (P<0.001), 'future of career' (0.01), and 'amount of work' (0.05) were the factors significantly affecting job satisfaction. The study offers implications for governmental policies which can improve school nutrition teachers' satisfaction with their job duties.

Comparison of Required and Additional Man Power's Implemental Task Elements between Present and Future-oriented Duties of School Nutrition Teachers

The purpose of this study was to compare the task elements categorized into required and additional man power's implemental between present and future-oriented duties of school nutrition teachers. The survey consisted of five duties, 27 tasks, 93 task elements, and 270 work details in the task elements of school nutrition teachers. A pilot-test was first conducted on nutrition teachers to confirm the survey contents, and then a main survey was performed on 240 school nutrition teachers, using a self-administrated online method, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. To compare present and future-oriented tasks, frequency analyses were conducted. Work details in the task elements were categorized into ‘required’ and ‘additional man power's implemental’, depending on school nutrition teachers' responses, based on a 50% cut-off percentage. The results showed that 13 work details among 60 work details (21.7%) in the ‘Duty C. Safety and hygiene management of school foodservice’, and 15 work details out of 106 work details (14.2%) in ‘Duty B. Foodservice management practices’ were identified as additional man power's implemental in future oriented duties. As to ‘Duty A. Nutrition management’, only three work details among 55 work details (5.5%) were identified as additional man power's implemental. On the other hand, all work details in ‘Duty D. Nutrition·diet education and counseling and ‘Duty E. Reinforce professionalism’ were identified as “required” as school nutrition teachers' duties. These findings imply that school nutrition teachers perceive nutrition management and education as their primary duties to the fulfill school foodservice' mission of promoting students' health and fostering students' dietary behaviors. The study offers practical and governmental implications, which can encourage school nutrition teachers to perform their primary duties.

School nutrition program: Assessment of planning and nutritional recommendations of menus / Programa de nutrición escolar: Evaluación de la planificación y recomendaciones nutricionales de los menús

The aim of this study was to verify whether the portion sizes adopted by school lunch cooks were in accordance with nutritional recommendations by PNAE (Brazilian School Nutrition Program). Portion sizes corresponding to shallow and full measures were weighed on a digital scale in duplicate to determine the average weight of each food portion. Nutritional composition of meals was determined using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition. Total energy value (TEV), carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, iron, sodium, vitamin C and dietary fiber were compared with PNAE recommendations for schoolchildren. As a result, two menu proposals with adequate portion sizes were developed. TEV and carbohydrate recommendations were met in the shallow portion size and exceeded recommendations in the full measure. Both shallow and full portions exceeded recommendations for protein, fat and sodium. The values found for dietary fiber, iron and vitamin C were in accordance with PNAE recommendations in both portion sizes. The menu proposals were in accordance with nutritional recommendations except for sodium, which remained slightly above limits. The study showed the need for the creation of manufacturing technical cards aimed at standardizing the portioning of foods/dishes offered to schoolchildren, as well as the training of school lunch cooks.

Verificar si el tamaño de las porciones adoptadas por los cocineros de los almuerzos escolares está de acuerdo con las recomendaciones nutricionales del PNAE (Programa Brasileño de Nutrición Escolar). Los tamaños de las porciones correspondientes a mediciones, poco profundas y completas, se pesaron en una balanza digital para determinar el peso promedio de cada porción de alimento. Se comparó el valor energético total (VET), carbohidratos, proteínas, lípidos, hierro, sodio, vitamina C y fibra dietética con las recomendaciones de PNAE para escolares. Como resultado, se desarrollaron dos propuestas de menú con la adecuación del tamaño de las porciones. Las recomendaciones VET y carbohidratos se cumplieron en el tamaño de la porción relacionada con la medida poco profunda. Tanto las mediciones poco profunda y completas superaron las recomendaciones de proteínas, grasas y sodio. Los valores encontrados para fibra dietética, hierro y vitamina C alcanzaron las recomendaciones de PNAE en ambos tamaños de porciones. Las propuestas de menús alcanzaron las recomendaciones nutricionales excepto el sodio, que se mantuvo ligeramente por encima de los límites. Es necesario elaborar tarjetas técnicas de fabricación con el objetivo de estandarizar la porción de alimentos que se ofrece a los escolares, así como la capacitación de cocineros.

Student feedback to improve the United States Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States falls below recommendations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is a national free-fruit and vegetable school distribution program designed to address this problem. This permanent, legislated program provides funding to qualified elementary schools for provision of additional fruit and vegetables outside of school meals. The objective of this study was to understand children's perceptions of FFVP after the intervention and formulate recommendations that may improve success of the intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Secondary data were obtained from 5,265 4th-6th graders at 51 randomly-selected FFVP intervention schools in Indiana. Anonymous questionnaires were completed late in the 2011-2012 academic year. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to determine associations between students' perceptions of program effects (4 close-ended items) and their preference toward the program. Content analysis was applied to a single open-ended item for program comments. RESULTS: Over 47% of students reported greater intake of fruit and vegetables due to FFVP, and over 66% reported liking the program. Student-reported program effects were positively associated with preference for the program (P < 0.01). Themes that emerged during analysis of 3,811 comments, included, students liked: the opportunity to try different kinds of fruit and vegetables, types and flavors of fruits served, and benefits of eating fruit. Fewer students liked the types of vegetables and their benefits. A small group disliked the program citing poor flavor of vegetables and quality of fruits. Important suggestions for the program include serving more dipping sauces for vegetables, cooking vegetables, and providing a greater variety of produce. CONCLUSIONS: The degree that students liked FFVP may predict the program's effects on fruit and vegetable intake. FFVP may become more acceptable to students by incorporating their suggestions. Program planners should consider these options for achieving program goals.

Student feedback to improve the United States Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States falls below recommendations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is a national free-fruit and vegetable school distribution program designed to address this problem. This permanent, legislated program provides funding to qualified elementary schools for provision of additional fruit and vegetables outside of school meals. The objective of this study was to understand children's perceptions of FFVP after the intervention and formulate recommendations that may improve success of the intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Secondary data were obtained from 5,265 4th-6th graders at 51 randomly-selected FFVP intervention schools in Indiana. Anonymous questionnaires were completed late in the 2011-2012 academic year. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to determine associations between students' perceptions of program effects (4 close-ended items) and their preference toward the program. Content analysis was applied to a single open-ended item for program comments. RESULTS: Over 47% of students reported greater intake of fruit and vegetables due to FFVP, and over 66% reported liking the program. Student-reported program effects were positively associated with preference for the program (P < 0.01). Themes that emerged during analysis of 3,811 comments, included, students liked: the opportunity to try different kinds of fruit and vegetables, types and flavors of fruits served, and benefits of eating fruit. Fewer students liked the types of vegetables and their benefits. A small group disliked the program citing poor flavor of vegetables and quality of fruits. Important suggestions for the program include serving more dipping sauces for vegetables, cooking vegetables, and providing a greater variety of produce. CONCLUSIONS: The degree that students liked FFVP may predict the program's effects on fruit and vegetable intake. FFVP may become more acceptable to students by incorporating their suggestions. Program planners should consider these options for achieving program goals.

Job Perception and the Need for Job Improvement among School Nutrition Teachers in Seoul / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to investigate the school nutrition teachers' perception on their job and to find out recommendations needed for its improvement in order to provide a quality foodservice and nutrition education at schools. METHODS: A total of 219 school nutrition teachers in Seoul were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The perceived importance of the 16 job duties was rated 3.8 based on a 5-point scale (1: very unimportant - 5: very important). The importance of six duties including nutrition management, production management, nutrition education, and food safety management were rated over 4 point but that of record-keeping for documents, official reporting, and service management was rated the lowest. Importance-Performance Analysis showed that nutrition management, receiving/storage management, production management, menu management, food safety management, and equipment/facilities management should be emphasized to maintain the current performance of duties. The performance of the nutrition education and counseling needed to be improved since the importance scores were greater than average but the performance scores were lower than the average. Official reporting and miscellaneous jobs were rated the highest for simplification need. More than half of the respondents agreed that equipment/facilities management, miscellaneous jobs, service staff supervision, and service line supervision could be allocated to other school departments. CONCLUSIONS: School nutrition teachers should invest more time and resources on their core job duties such as nutrition management, production management, food safety management, and nutrition education for providing quality foodservice and nutrition education. To reflect the environmental changes of school foodservice, a reasonable staffing index of school nutrition teachers needs to be developed. In addition, hiring an assistant or implementing school nutrition teacher internship programs can be useful to reduce workloads of the nutrition teachers.

O programa saúde na escola e ações de alimentação e nutrição: uma análise exploratória / The school health program and actions of food and nutrition: an exploratory analysis

A mudança no perfil de adoecimento da população refleteum novo desafio para a saúde pública, em especial para aárea da nutrição. Ações de alimentação e nutrição voltadaspara a ?promoção da saúde? são estratégias que buscamfortalecer a autonomia dos indivíduos e contribuir paraescolhas saudáveis. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificaro desenvolvimento de atividades de promoção da alimentaçãoadequada e saudável no ambiente escolar, na perspectivado Programa Saúde na Escola. Trata-se de pesquisaqualitativa, com aplicação de questionários e realizaçãode entrevista semiestruturada com os nutricionistas desete municípios de Pernambuco. Poucos citaram a educa-ção nutricional como atribuição e apenas um entrevistadoestendia essas ações à unidade familiar ou comunidade.Em metade dos municípios existiam dados relativos aoestado nutricional dos discentes e em apenas três haviaoferta de frutas na merenda, mas em todos havia vendade guloseimas próximo à escola. O profissional queixa-sedo excesso de atribuições, precárias condições de trabalhoe ausência de interdisciplinaridade no planejamento eexecução das ações. Assim, é necessária a conscientizaçãodos profissionais e gestores em prol do incentivo e direcionamentode investimentos para a atenção primária,estendidos ao ambiente escolar.

The change in the disease profile of the populationreflects a new challenge to public health, particularly inthe nutrition area. Actions of food and nutrition aimed in"health promotion" are strategies that seek to strengthenautonomy of individuals and contribute to healthierchoices. This study aimed to verify the development ofactivities to promote adequate and healthy food in theschool environment, in the perspective of the SchoolHealth Program (SHP). The study is qualitative andbased on questionnaires and conducting semi-structuredinterviews with nutritionist of seven cities of Pernambuco.Few mentioned nutrition education as attribution andonly one nutritionist extended these activities to familyor community. In half of the cities there is data onnutritional status of students and only three offeredfruits and vegetables in school lunch program, however,in all of them there was selling goodies near the school.Professional complains of excessive assignments, poorworking conditions and lack of interdisciplinarity inplanning and implementation of actions. Thus, awarenessof professionals and managers in favor of encouragingand directing investment into primary care extended theschool environment, is necessary.

A experiência da Oficina Permanente de Educação Alimentar e em Saúde (OPEAS): formação de profissionais para a promoção da alimentação saudável nas escolas / The experience of the Permanent Workshop on Health and Nutrition Education - OPEAS: training of professionals for the promotion of healthy nutrition in schools

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a experiência da Oficina Permanente de Educação Alimentar e em Saúde, um espaço de articulação dos profissionais envolvidos na promoção da alimentação saudável na escola. Em 2009, foram realizadas 10 oficinas com nutricionistas, diretores/assistentes de direção, coordenadores pedagógicos, professores e graduandos de nutrição, tendo como referências Paulo Freire e Pichon-Riviére. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Ao iniciar a participação na OPEAS, a relação entre os profissionais era distante e poucas atividades interdisciplinares eram desenvolvidas. Apreendeu-se como centrais na promoção da alimentação saudável: comunicação entre a equipe escolar; realização do trabalho conjunto; envolvimento de toda a comunidade escolar; inclusão da educação alimentar e nutricional no currículo e oferta de alimento como a ferramenta central de educação nutricional. Na avaliação somativa, foram apreendidas quatro ideias centrais situando a OPEAS como: aquisição de conhecimento, espaço para reflexão, oportunidade de integração e ideias para a prática. Espaços de Educação Permanente devem ser construídos com os profissionais para apoiar e fomentar as ações de promoção da alimentação saudável na escola.

This article analyzes the experience of the Permanent Workshop on Nutrition and Health Education, which provides ongoing education on health and nutrition for school nutritionists and educators. In 2009, nutritionists, principals/management assistants, pedagogical coordinators, teachers and nutrition undergraduates attended 10 workshops, which were based on Freire and Pichon-Rivière´s framework theories. Data analysis was performed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. At the beginning of their participation in the OPEAS, the relationship between educators and nutritionists was distant and few interdisciplinary activities were conducted. Communication among the school team, collaborative work with involvement of the whole school community, inclusion of food and nutrition education in the curricula, and provision of food as the central pedagogical tool were considered central to the promotion of healthy nutrition. In the final evaluation four central ideas were highlighted defining OPEAS as being important for knowledge acquisition, a setting for reflection, an opportunity for integration and a platform for putting ideas into practice. Ongoing education should be implemented with school professionals aiming to foster actions to promote healthy nutrition at school.

A trajetória do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no período de 2003-2010: relato do gestor nacional / The trajectory of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program between 2003 and 2010: report of the national manager

O objetivo deste estudo é realizar um relato do gestor nacional do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), com ênfase no período de 2003 a 2010. Trata-se de ensaio crítico baseado em revisão da literatura e em dados oficiais. Em relação ao volume de recursos financeiros e ao número de alunos atendidos, observou-se que, em 2003, o Programa executou um total de 954,2 milhões de reais para atender 37,3 milhões de alunos, ao passo que em 2010, o total de recursos passou a ser de 3 bilhões de reais para um total de 45,6 milhões de alunos atendidos. Outros avanços importantes foram os estímulos para a ampliação e o fortalecimento do papel dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar e as estratégias normativas para as ações do nutricionista como Responsável Técnico. A Lei nº 11.947/2009 fez o PNAE avançar ainda mais, estendendo o programa para toda a rede pública de educação básica e de jovens e adultos, e recomendando que 30% dos repasses do FNDE sejam investidos na aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar. São evidentes os avanços nos critérios técnicos e operacionais visando maior flexibilidade, eficiência e eficácia na gestão do PNAE. Espera-se que tais avanços possam se traduzir em melhoria das condições de alimentação e nutrição dos escolares.

The scope of this paper is to study the report of the manager of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE), with special emphasis on the period from 2003 to 2010. It is a critical essay based on a review of the literature and the official data. It was revealed that the program spent 954.2 million Brazilian reals in 2003 to assist 37.3 million students, and in 2010 the total resources increased to 3 billion Brazilian reals with 45.6 million students attended. Other important advances were the broadening and strengthening of the role of the School Nutrition Councils and the regulatory strategies of nutritionists as Accountable Technicians. Law No. 11.947/2009 gave a new impetus to the PNAE, extending the program to the entire basic public education grid and youths and adults, and recommending that 30% of the funds transferred from the FNDE should be used to acquire products from small farmers. The progress in technical and operational criteria seeking greater flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness in the management of the Program is clear for all to see. It is hoped that these advances will translate into effective improvement in food and nutrition conditions for schoolchildren.

Alimentação na escola e autonomia - desafios e possibilidades / School nutrition and autonomy - challenges and opportunities

Este estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar a alimentação na escola como importante política na promoção da autonomia dos estudantes por meio de uma educação alimentar e nutricional desenvolvida de modo curricular, integrado pelos diferentes atores e sob a ótica da cidadania. Retomar conceitos fundamentais no contexto da alimentação escolar, refletindo sobre eles por meio de pressuposições teóricas para identificar possíveis estratégias na promoção de cidadania e da autonomia na escola. As estratégias envolveram educação alimentar e nutricional com a presença cotidiana de qualidade e adequação na alimentação escolar, de debates sobre as diversas dimensões da alimentação no currículo vivido e com integração da alimentação no projeto pedagógico estendido a vários âmbitos do sistema de ensino. A alimentação na escola suscita que haja integração das ações, dos atores e dos diversos espaços sociais interessados pelo tema alimentação, como ministérios, sistemas de ensino, secretarias e escolas, de modo que se possa enfrentar, de modo integrado, sistemático, consistente e eficiente, as demandas da realidade contemporânea.

This study seeks to emphasize school food as an important policy to promote student autonomy by means of food and nutrition education included in the curriculum, integrated with different actors and based on the standpoint of citizenship. It seeks to return to fundamental concepts in the context of school food reflecting on them through theoretical assumptions to identify possible strategies to promote citizenship and autonomy in school. The strategies involved food and nutrition education with the daily presence of quality and suitability in school meals, discussions on the various dimensions of food in the curriculum and integrating food in the pedagogical project extended to various areas of the education system. School food fosters the need for integration of actions, actors and the various social spaces interested in the food issue, such as ministries, education systems, departments and schools, so that they may tackle the demands of contemporary reality in an integrated, systematic, consistent and efficient manner.

Instrumento de avaliação das Boas Práticas em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolar: da concepção à validação / Instrument for assessment of best practices in school food and nutrition units: from design to validation

O objetivo deste artigo é elaborar e validar instrumento de avaliação das Boas Práticas para Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares. Estudo desenvolvido na cidade de Santos, realizado em dois momentos: 1) Elaboração da Lista de Verificação das Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar (Lista de Verificação BPAE) e; 2) Validação da Lista de Verificação BPAE com aplicação desta e de outras duas listas de referência em 76 escolas municipais. A sensibilidade e a especificidade foram estimadas por meio da Curva ROC - Receiver Operating Characteristics e a lista de verificação foi avaliada de acordo com a escala de Likert. Os blocos temáticos receberam pesos para o cálculo do percentual de adequação. Após aplicação das listas nas escolas foi observado valor de área sob a curva de 0,79 em relação à lista SS-196 e 0,85 para a Portaria 542/2006, indicando boa capacidade da Lista de Verificação BPAE em identificar inadequações. Esta lista recebeu avaliação positiva dos nutricionistas da alimentação escolar revelando que a mesma auxiliará na tomada de decisões para o controle de qualidade. A Lista de Verificação de BPAE elaborada e validada pode se constituir em importante instrumento para o controle de qualidade da alimentação escolar.

The scope of this study was to elaborate and validate an assessment tool for Best Practices in School Food and Nutrition Units. For this purpose a survey was conducted in the city of Santos (São Paulo - Brazil), in two stages: 1) Preparation of a Checklist for Best Practices in School Food and Nutrition Units (BPAE checklist). 2) Validation of the BPAE checklist. This checklist was applied in 76 public schools along with two other reference checklists. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve and the checklist was evaluated by application of the Likert scale. The thematic groups received weights to calculate the percentage of adequacy. After the application of the checklists in schools, the area under the curve value of 0.79 was found for the SS-196 checklist and 0.85 for the 542/2006 administrative checklist. These values indicate good suitability of the BPAE checklist to identify inadequacies, and it also received a positive assessment from the school food nutritionists. It proved that the checklist will assist in decision-making to ensure quality control. Once the BPAE checklist has been fully tested and validated it should prove an important tool for quality control in school nutrition.

Conselhos Municipais de Alimentação Escolar em Santa Catarina: caracterização e perfil de atuação / Municipal School Nutrition Councils in Santa Catarina, Brazil: characterization and performance profile

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os Conselhos Municipais de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) no Estado de Santa Catarina. Investigação transversal em amostra de municípios catarinenses (n = 152; 52%). Entrevistaram-se preferencialmente os presidentes dos CAE, pesquisando-se o perfil dos conselheiros, as atribuições realizadas e a relação do CAE com outras instâncias de controle social. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para obter razões de prevalências bruta e ajustada. No modelo ajustado seguiu-se uma abordagem hierárquica. A maioria dos conselhos analisava a prestação de contas, fiscalizava os recursos, zelava pela qualidade do PNAE em todos os níveis, orientava o armazenamento dos alimentos, participava da elaboração do cardápio, acompanhava a compra de gêneros e tinha regimento interno. Entretanto, apenas 22,4% realizavam todas as atribuições com frequência maior ou igual à anual. Verificou-se associação positiva entre uma boa atuação do CAE e existência de relação com outros conselhos locais. A sensibilização dos CAE e o estímulo à atua­ção articulada com outros conselhos e atores envolvidos com a segurança alimentar e nutricional, são essenciais para a garantia do direito à alimentação saudável e adequada nas escolas.

The aim of this study is to assess Municipal School Nutrition Councils (CAEs) of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE) in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of municipalities in the state (n = 152; 52%). CAE presidents were interviewed and asked about the counselor profile, attributions performed and the relation of CAEs with other local councils. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to obtain unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and the adjusted model adopted a hierarchic approach. The majority of councils analyzed their accounting reports, monitored resources and strived for quality of the CAEs at all levels. They coordinated the storage of food, participated in establishing the menu, monitored the purchasing of food and had an internal control system. However, only 22.4% carried out all their attributions once or more per year. A positive association was found between an adequate performance of the CAE and relations with other local councils. The awareness of the CAEs, as well as a stimulus to acting jointly with other councils and actors involved with food and nutrition security, are essential to ensure the right to healthy and adequate nutrition at school.

Escola: lugar de estudar e de comer / School: a place for studying and eating

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir significados sobre alimentação escolar atribuídos por estudantes em escolas públicas na Bahia. Trata-se de compreender aspectos simbólicos associados à alimentação escolar na complexidade do mundo cotidiano da escola. Utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa para a compreensão do comer na escola e das noções sobre alimentação saudável, a partir das narrativas orais e escritas desses adoles­centes. Os relatos enunciam oposições entre alimentação estranha e familiar e vice-versa. O que é familiar torna-se estranho a depender do tempo/lugar. Citam diversos exemplos de alimentos que são da tradição, mas que se tornam estranhos ou não habituais ao horário. A cultura alimentar dos estudantes requer a obtenção de alimentos em dois momentos: merenda e almoço (ou jantar). Entidades estas que são distintas, não se mesclam e devem estar presentes na escola, pois para estes atores sociais, estudar e comer são necessidades que se complementam.

This study seeks to discuss the significance of school nutrition expressed by students in public schools from the state of Bahia, Brazil. The objective is to understand the symbolic aspects associated with school nutrition. The results of a survey into the significance of nutrition offered by the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE) expressed by students from six public schools in municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil, are presented. A qualitative approach to understand nutrition at school and notions about healthy food by analyzing oral and written narratives of adolescents is used. The reports point to opposing stances between food in the home and food outside the home. What is customary can appear strange depending on the time and place. In this sense, they do not make an association between healthy food and PNAE. The food culture requires students to eat food on two occasions: breakfast and lunch (or dinner). These are aspects that are distinct, however they must be combined in school, because for these social actors, studying and eating are necessities that complement each other.

Alimentação escolar nas comunidades quilombolas: desafios e potencialidades / School nutrition in 'quilombola' communities: challenges and opportunities

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) para estudantes de escolas públicas. Este artigo tem por objetivos discutir os desafios e as potencialidades da alimentação escolar nas comunidades quilombolas e relatar a experiência do Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal de Goiás e Região Centro-Oeste (CECANE UFG/Centro-Oeste). Relato de experiência associado à sistematização da literatura sobre o PNAE, SAN e outras políticas. O acesso permanente e adequado às políticas sociais é um desafio para as comunidades quilombolas. Identificam-se na execução do PNAE entraves de ordem econômica, estrutural e social. Neste contexto, a Lei 11.947/2009 incentiva o desenvolvimento local, por meio da aquisição de alimentos da região e determina valor per capita diferenciado, traduzido em cardápio com alimentos da cultura negra e que atenda no mínimo 30% das necessidades nutricionais diárias. O CECANE UFG/Centro-Oeste no projeto alimentação, saúde e qualidade de vida de escolares quilombolas realiza ações em SAN. O campo da alimentação escolar mostra-se sensível às necessidades locais e apoia o desenvolvimento e a promoção da qualidade de vida.

The Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE) is a Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) strategy for public school students. This article seeks to discuss the challenges and opportunities of school nutrition in 'quilombola'* communities and report on the experience of the Cooperation Center for Student Food and Nutrition of the Federal University of Goiás and the Midwest Region (CECANE UFG/ Centro-Oeste). It includes a report on the experience with the systematization on PNAE, SAN and other policies. Continued access and adequate social policies are a challenge for the 'quilombola'* communities. Some economic, structural and social barriers have been identified in PNAE. In this context, Law 11.947/2009 encourages local development, with the acquisition of food from the region, and it establishes differentiated values per capita, which are translated into menus including products inherent to Afro-Brazilian culture that provide at least 30% of daily nutritional requirements. In the nutrition, health and quality of life project of 'quilombola'* schoolchildren, the CECANE UFG/Midwest carry out food and nutritional security actions. The area of school nutrition has proven responsive to local needs and supports the development and promotion of quality of life.

Formação de coordenadores pedagógicos em alimentação escolar: um relato de experiência / In-service training for pedagogical coordinators in school nutrition: the report of an experience

Este artigo descreve a experiência de formação de coordenadores pedagógicos em Alimentação Escolar desenvolvida pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Utilizou-se da observação participante e análise de dados documentados em: filmagens, resumos de discussão grupal, avaliações processuais e finais e diários de campo. As experiências de formação foram em 2011, em dois municípios da Bahia e na capital de Sergipe, com 118 coordenadores pedagógicos de 79 municípios dos dois estados. Constatou-se que os objetivos da formação de sensibilizar e orientar os coordenadores para a transversalização do tema alimentação e nutrição no currículo escolar foram alcançados. A proposta educativa foi avaliada pelos participantes como "dinâmica", "produtiva" e "interativa", promovendo trocas de experiências. Embora considerem um tema relevante, os coordenadores pedagógicos não têm formação suficiente nos conhecimentos de alimentação e nutrição para subsidiar as suas práticas pedagógicas. Considera-se que a formação apresente limitações quanto a seu desdobramento no campo de trabalho, pois a sensibilização alcançada pode ser fragilizada na volta dos atores ao seu ambiente laboral por falta de uma formação permanente.

This article describes the experience of in-service training for pedagogical coordinators of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE) developed by the Cooperation Center for Student Food and Nutrition of the Federal University of Bahia (CECANE-UFBA). Participant observation and analysis of data documented in films, group discussion summaries, procedural and final evaluations and field diaries are used. The formative experiences were in 2011, in two municipalities in Bahia and Sergipe states, involving 118 pedagogical coordinators from 79 municipalities in both states. It was revealed that the objective of raising awareness and guiding pedagogical coordinators for mainstreaming the theme of food and nutrition has been achieved. The educational proposal was evaluated by the coordinators as "dynamic," "productive" and "interactive," promoting the exchange of experiences among participants. Despite considering the theme relevant, the pedagogical coordinators do not have sufficient training about food and nutrition to back their teaching practices. It is considered that their training has some limitations on the impact in the fieldwork, as the knowledge acquired night be dissipated when the coordinators return to their workplace due to the lack of ongoing training.

Formação para nutricionistas que atuam no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: uma avaliação da efetividade / Training for nutritionists working on the Brazilian School Nutrition Program: an evaluation of its effectiveness

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a efetividade das formações de nutricionistas realizadas pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CECANES UFRGS), entre 2007 e 2009. O foco da avaliação foi a percepção destes atores quanto à consecução dos objetivos da formação e quanto ao potencial das temáticas da formação em alterar o dia a dia de trabalho no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Para avaliação da efetividade foi utilizada a metodologia elaborada pela equipe do CECANES da UFRGS. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 118 nutricionistas, que atuam na alimentação escolar no RS, através de preenchimento de questionário eletrônico elaborado especificamente para esse trabalho. Observou-se que a formação cumpriu seus objetivos (P < 0,05), deixando claro para mais de 95% dos nutricionistas as atribuições e o que se espera do profissional no PNAE. Quando questionados sobre os obstáculos encontrados, os participantes relatam dificuldade em adaptar a teoria abordada na formação à realidade em que atuam. As temáticas trabalhadas contribuíram para a promoção de mudanças na execução do PNAE, principalmente em termos de difusão e atualização das normas e objetivos e na troca de experiências e práticas eficientes de gestão.

This article seeks to verify the effectiveness of training for nutritionists conducted by the Cooperation Center for Student Food and Nutrition of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (CECANES UFRGS), between 2007 and 2009. The focus of the evaluation was to observe the perception of those subjects with regard to achieving the objectives of the training and the potential of the training topics covered in the training in order to change the day-to-day work of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNEA). Methodology developed by the CECANES UFRGS team was used for the evaluation of effectiveness. Data collection was conducted with 118 nutritionists who work in school nutrition in the state of Rio Grande do Sul by filling out an electronic questionnaire specifically designed for this study. In the analysis of the results it was revealed that the training fulfilled its objectives (P < 0.05), making the assignments and what is expected of the professionals at PNAE clear to more than 95% of the nutritionists. When the participants were asked about the obstacles encountered, they reported difficulty in adapting the theory covered in the training with the reality in which they act. The themes addressed contributed to the promotion of changes in the implementation of management practices in the PNAE.

Study on Job Training for Specialty Enhancement of School Nutrition Teachers: In Gyeongbuk Area

The present study was performed to evaluate the job training needs of school nutrition teachers in order to enhance their specialty. Three hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed to school nutrition teachers working at primary and high schools in the Gyeongbuk area while 45 were distributed to professors during 2010~2011. Three hundred and two questionnaires from school nutrition teachers and 33 from professors were returned and analyzed. The rate of teachers practicing nutrition education was 54%, and the educational content was obtained mainly from the internet. The top three problems the teachers encountered were 'lack of standardized educational materials', 'inexperience of teaching', and 'insufficiency of expert knowledge'. The teachers recognized 'training program' as the best solution. However, the job training program operated immediately after teachers were appointed scored only 3.03 out of 5.00. Important contents of the training program ranked highly by the teachers were 'development of education materials', 'nutrition counseling', and 'teaching method'. The professors included 'expert knowledge' in their top three contents. Both the teachers and professors agreed to increase the frequency of 'practice' in training methods. Other factors the teachers considered to be important were high quality, diversity, ability of the instructor, training cycle, and the institution in charge. From these results, it can be concluded that efficient job training programs are needed for school nutrition teachers according to the importance of the education contents and training methods. It is therefore suggested that a cooperation committee be composed of an educator, educatee, and related personal in a local education office in order to operate the program.

Situação nutricional das crianças Kaingangs frequentadoras de escola estadual indígena / área Monte Caseiros - Muliterno (RS) / Nutritional situation of Kaingangs children attending indigenous state school / Monte Caseiros area - Muliterno (RS)

Atualmente, vivemos a transição nutricional, ou seja, da desnutrição para a obesidade e é sabido que ela apresenta efeitos deletérios à saúde. Foi estudada uma amostra de 94 crianças de 4 a 14 anos, residentes na Aldeia Monte Caseiros, Muliterno (RS). As prevalências de déficits nutricionais determinadas foram 5,08% para o índice peso para idade, de 22,03% para o índice estatura para idade e obesidade/sobrepeso, de 8,57% para adolescentes, e 10,16% para crianças. Conclui-se que, para os extremos da situação nutricional infantil, necessita-se de projetos de assistência à saúde materno-infantil, geração de renda e saneamento básico.

At present, we undergo a nutritional transition, that is, from malnutrition to obesity, and it is known that it presents deleterious effects to health. A sample of 94 children from 4 to 14 years, resident in Aldeia Monte Caseiros, Muliterno (RS) was studied. The predominance of nutritional deficits determined were 5.08% for the weight index for the age, of 22.03% for the height index for the age and obesity/overweight, of 8.57% for adolescents, and 10.16% for children. It is concluded that, in both extremes of the children's nutritional situation, maternal-child health care projects are needed, in addition to income generation and basic sanitation.