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Introducción: la utilización de pantallas durante la niñez y la preocupación por su potencial daño aumentaron en los últimos años. La recomendación de no superar dos horas diarias de uso resultó controvertida durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue explorar las opiniones y actitudes de los profesionales con respecto al uso de pantallas y comprender cómo se modificaron durante dicha pandemia. Materiales y métodos: estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo y estrategia de teoría fundamentada, realizado entre 2020 y 2021.Participaron 23 profesionales (pediatras y generalistas) en cuatro grupos focales. Se realizaron lecturas del material desgrabado para interpretación del contenido. El análisis incluyó la generación de códigos que fueron agrupados en cinco ejes temáticos. Resultados: los ejes resultantes fueron: 1) temática de las pantallas en la consulta ambulatoria de niños sanos, 2) percepción sobre daños, 3) percepción sobre beneficios, 4) pantallas en épocas de ASPO (Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio) y 5) pensamientos y acciones contradictorios sobre el uso de pantallas. Discusión: a la hora de recomendar sobre exposición a pantallas, en nuestros entrevistados predominó la intuición personal por sobre la evidencia científica disponible. Reconocieron que el contexto de ASPO visibilizó algunos beneficios asociados a la conectividad que brindan estos dispositivos. Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran que la percepción sobre las pantallas se está volviendo cada vez más neutral en términos del balance entre sus riesgos y beneficios, conduciendo a que los profesionales sean más flexibles en sus recomendaciones al respecto. (AU)
Introduction: screen use during childhood and potential harm concerns have increased in recent years. Advice not to allow more than two hours of screen use per day was contested during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary purpose of this research was to probe the opinions and attitudes of professionals regarding the use of screens and to understand how these changed during the pandemic. Materials and methods: this exploratory study, with a qualitative approach and theory-based strategy, was made between 2020 and 2021, and involved the participation of 23 professionals (pediatricians and general practitioners) in four focus groups. The recorded material was analyzed for content interpretation. The analysis included generating codes that were grouped into five thematic areas. Results: the resulting axes were: 1) the issue of screens in the outpatient practice of healthy children; 2) perception of harm; 3) perception of benefits; 4) screens in times of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation (ASPO, for its acronym in Spanish); and 5) contradictory thoughts and actions on the use of screens. Discussion: when making recommendations regarding screen exposure, the interviewees' intuition predominated over available scientific evidence. They recognized that the ASPO context highlighted some of the benefits associated with the connectivity provided by these devices. Conclusion: our results show that awareness of screen displays is becoming increasingly neutral concerning the trade-off between their risks and benefits, prompting practitioners to become more flexible in their recommendations. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Child Health , Health Personnel/trends , Screen Time , Perception , Social Isolation , Focus Groups , Cell Phone/trends , Computers, Handheld/trends , COVID-19/psychologyABSTRACT
Abstract To evaluate possible new drugs for the treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) using in silico tools was the main objective of this study. The method of analysis used was the in silico evaluation of tumor markers and their interaction with selected drugs, through the study of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. A potential therapeutic target pointed out in this study was the Cell Division Cycle 25 B (CDC25B), belonging to the CDC25 phosphatase family. Overexpression of CDC25 phosphatases is often associated with a wide variety of cancers. In addition, CDC25B is an oncogenic protein that induces neoplastic transformation. In CRC, CDC25B is overexpressed to activate the CDC2/cyclin B complex and improve the growth and survival of these tumors. Four drugs were identified for evaluation, with α-amyrin being selected for docking, because it was that had the best characteristics according to the methodology used. The α-amyrin ligand obtained the interaction energy value of -7.6 G (Kcal/mol), while the standard CDC25B ligand obtained -10.0 G (Kcal/mol). TThe results showed that the CDC25B protein was the only structure cocrystallized with α-amyrin and presented favorable outcomes in docking, being a candidate for further studies for its use in the CRC targeted therapy
Subject(s)
Computer Simulation , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Biomarkers, Tumor/agonistsABSTRACT
Introdução: O emprego das matrizes dérmicas acelulares (ADM) na reconstrução mamária imediata com prótese de silicone (RMIP) levou à diminuição do número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (em relação ao expansor de silicone) secundários à mastectomia, permitindo a utilização de implantes de silicone >300cc. O seu alto custo inviabilizou o emprego em larga escala (principalmente em países fora dos EUA) e a utilização de malhas sintéticas mostrou-se uma alternativa viável e bastante utilizada (principalmente na Europa). Este estudo objetivou identificar se há alguma diferença na eficiência cirúrgica da RMIP após a mastectomia utilizando materiais biológicos (ADM) ou sintéticos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nos bancos de dados PubMed e BVS dos cinco últimos anos (preferencialmente), usando as palavras-chave: "mamoplastia" e "mastectomia" e "telas cirúrgicas" e "matriz dérmica acelular" e "implantes de mama" e "complicações pós-operatórias". Resultados: A incidência de infecção, hematoma, necrose cutânea, seroma, extrusão ou perda de implante e contratura capsular encontrados na pesquisa revelou serem complicações inerentes às características préoperatória dos pacientes: idade >65 anos, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) >30kg/m2, mamas grandes (mais de 600g), ressecções extensas de pele e incisões cutâneas em T invertido, tabagismo, diabetes, hipertensão, tempo de remoção longo do dreno no pós-operatório, radioterapia no pré/pós-operatório e que referidas complicações no pós-operatório não tinham relação com a utilização de ADM ou malha sintética. Conclusão: O consenso dos dados apresentados mostra que a RMIP com malhas sintéticas produziu resultados estéticos comparáveis às ADMs, com menores custos e taxas de complicações.
Introduction: The use of acellular dermal matrices (ADM) in immediate breast reconstruction with silicone prosthesis (IBRP) led to a decrease in the number of surgical procedures (concerning the silicone expander) secondary to mastectomy, allowing the use of silicone implants >300cc. Its high cost made large-scale employment impossible (mainly in countries outside the US). Synthetic meshes proved to be a viable and widely used alternative (mainly in Europe). This study aimed to identify any difference in the surgical efficiency of IBRP after mastectomy using biological (ADM) or synthetic materials. Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed and VHL last five years databases (preferably), using the keywords: "mammoplasty" and "mastectomy" and "surgical screens" and "acellular dermal matrix" and "breast implants" and "postoperative complications". Results: The incidence of infection, hematoma, skin necrosis, seroma, extrusion or loss of implant and capsular contracture found in the research revealed to be complications inherent to the preoperative characteristics of patients: age >65 years, body mass index (BMI) >30kg/m2, large breasts (more than 600g), extensive skin resections and skin incisions in inverted T, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, time of long removal of the drain in the postoperative period, radiotherapy in the pre/postoperative period and that reported postoperative complications were not related to the use of ADM or synthetic mesh. Conclusion: The consensus of the data presented shows that the IBRP with synthetic meshes produced aesthetic results comparable to the ADMs, with lower costs and complication rates.
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Shading screens are widely used to control excessive solar radiation, thereby changing plant growth. Thus, through physiological indices the objective was to evaluate the growth of three cultivars of minitomatoes under colored meshes. The experiment was conducted from April to July in the DTCS / UNEB experimental field in experiment DBC with subdivided plots, and four replicates, comprised of three shaded environments and the control treatment, three cultivars, and seven plant sampling seasons. For growth analysis, we used the destructive method, total dry matter was determined after drying it in an oven at 65°C. The total leaf area (LAI) was obtained using the software QUANT. Results showed that there was no interaction between environments and the other factors. Regarding leaf area index, cvs. Shani and Sweet Million stood out in all environments, whereas cv. Red Sugar had a similar behavior in all environments. Shani obtained the best indices in open sun environment and in the environment covered with red shading screen, and Sweet Million obtained the best index under gray shading screen. Red Sugar had the lowest LAI, and consequently, the lowest SLA and LAR. On the other hand, it showed the highest RPF, since it obtained the highest dry matter in leaves compared to the other cultivars. Cvs. Shani and Sweet Million showed the best: TAL, TCR, TCA and TCC.
As telas de sombreamento são utilizadas para controlar a radiação solar excessiva, podendo alterar o crescimento das plantas. Desse modo, objetivou-se por meio de índices fisiológicos avaliar o crescimento de três cultivares de mini tomates sob malhas coloridas. O experimento foi conduzido no período de abril a julho no campo experimental do DTCS/UNEB em delineamento experimental DBC, com parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições, compostos de três ambientes sombreados além do controle, três cultivares e sete épocas de amostragens. Para análise de crescimento, utilizou-se o método destrutivo e as massas secas totais obtidas após secagem em estufa a 65°C. A área foliar total foi obtida usando-se o software QUANT. Os resultados mostraram que não houve interação entre os ambientes e os demais fatores. Quanto as cvs., para índice de área foliar (LAI), destacaram-se as cvs. Shani e Sweet Million dentro de cada ambiente, tendo a cultivar Red Sugar comportamento similar nos ambientes. A cv. Shani obteve os melhores índices no ambiente a céu aberto e com tela vermelha e a cv. Sweet Million o melhor índice na tela cinza. A cv. Red Sugar apresentou o menor LAI, e consequentemente à menor AFE e RAF, em contrapartida apresentou a maior RPF, uma vez que obteve a maior massa seca nas folhas quando comparada as outras cultivares. As cvs. Shani e Sweet Million apresentaram as melhores: TAL, TCR, TCA e TCC.
Subject(s)
Solanum lycopersicum , Environment, Controlled , Physiological Phenomena , Solar Radiation , GrowthABSTRACT
Introduction: The rate at which a successive light stimulusappears to be steady and continuous is called as the criticalflickering fusion frequency (CFFF). It is expressed in Hzand is referred to as the threshold frequency. It providesthe information about CNS activity and arousal as well asmeasures the discrete sensory events happening in the centralnervous system. To perceive the flickering light eye and brainhave to work simultaneously and have to act together. TheCFFFR was measured using critical flicker fusion apparatus.The study aimed to measure critical flicker fusion frequencyand to measure the effect of age, gender, sleep and displayscreens on critical flicker fusion frequencyMaterial and methods: The study was done in the departmentof Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical Collegeand hospital, Solan, HP after taking institutional ethicalcommittee clearance. A total of 1000 apparently healthysubjects were recruited from the institute which included thestudents, faculty, non teaching staff and nursing staff. Criticalflicker fusion frequency was measured using Flicker Fusionapparatus (FF-705): Medicaid Ambala.The critical flickerfusion frequency threshold was noted after explaining theprocedure in their native language and obtaining consent. Thedata collected was analyzed stastically.Results: We found a significant difference in the values ofCFFFR between the younger age group and among the olderage group. CFFFR and age are indirectly proportional toeach other with increase in age there is decrease in the valueof CFFFR. The value of CFFFR was found to be higher inindividuals with a normal sleep pattern and duration comparedto those having less sleeping hours Inadequate sleep also hasbeen shown to decrease the motor functioning, decreasedlearning ability, poor productivity and shortened memory.CFFFR was higher in individuals playing games compared tothose who were using display screens normally, in addition toit those individuals who were playing instructive games had ahigher CFFRT than those playing quest games.Conclusion: In this study we measured the critical flickerfusion and the factors that have a role in increasing ordecreasing the CFFFR threshold. A simple and non invasiveprocedure helps in finding the harmful effects of variousfactors like age gender sleep disturbances or over usage ofdisplay screens on retina and central nervous system.
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To demonstrate the effect of indoor spraying and window screens on Aedes aegypti mosquito density after space spraying. Methods: A total of 141 households (the study houses) in six communities of Songkhla City, located in Songkhla Province of southern Thailand, were randomly selected and the adult Ae. aegypti populations were assessed pre- and post-insecticide spraying from March to October, 2014. Houses close to (within a 20 m radius) the study houses were analyzed using spatial analysis tools. The Aedes aegypti density in the study houses and house density index were compared with the density in the neighbouring houses, based on three spraying conditions: (i) unsprayed (ii) only outdoor sprayed and (iii) indoor plus outdoor sprayed. Results: Only spraying houses indoors was the most effective (P<0.05). There was insufficient evidence that the source of the increase in the number of mosquitoes in unsprayed houses was due to their migration from neighbouring houses which had been sprayed. However, the study houses without screens on their windows were found to have a likely higher dengue vector population after spraying, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: In dengue endemic areas, all houses should be fully screened and the number of houses ultra-low volume sprayed indoor plus outdoor should be increased with the cooperation of householders and communities during epidemics.
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To demonstrate the effect of indoor spraying and window screens on Aedes aegypti mosquito density after space spraying. Methods: A total of 141 households (the study houses) in six communities of Songkhla City, located in Songkhla Province of southern Thailand, were randomly selected and the adult Ae. aegypti populations were assessed pre- and post-insecticide spraying from March to October, 2014. Houses close to (within a 20 m radius) the study houses were analyzed using spatial analysis tools. The Aedes aegypti density in the study houses and house density index were compared with the density in the neighbouring houses, based on three spraying conditions: (i) unsprayed (ii) only outdoor sprayed and (iii) indoor plus outdoor sprayed. Results: Only spraying houses indoors was the most effective (P<0.05). There was insufficient evidence that the source of the increase in the number of mosquitoes in unsprayed houses was due to their migration from neighbouring houses which had been sprayed. However, the study houses without screens on their windows were found to have a likely higher dengue vector population after spraying, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: In dengue endemic areas, all houses should be fully screened and the number of houses ultra-low volume sprayed indoor plus outdoor should be increased with the cooperation of householders and communities during epidemics.
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Background: Approximately more than 2.5 billion cell phones are projected for 2017. The blue lightemitted by screens on cell phones, computers, tablets, and televisions restrain the production of melatoninis the hormone that controls the sleep/wake cycle or circadian rhythm. There is ample evidence that anovel, short-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptor system is primarily responsible for a variety of non-visuallight responses, in particular, resetting the timing of the circadian pacemaker, suppressing melatoninproduction.Methods: The study investigates the effect of exposure to LED backlit screens used in cell phones by 50undergraduate girls of Goa and Mumbai in the age group of 18 to 22. Data was collected using the KristinDehmler Technology usage scale, the Insomnia impact scale, Epworth Sleepiness scale. [Pittsburgh sleepquality index (PSQI)], and sleep-wake behavior [Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ). T-tests andcorrelations using the SPSS to assess differences in the two groups of semi urban and metropolitan girlswere done.Results: The study predicts that this light exposure will extend day length and impact sleep characteristicsin the form of number of awakenings, difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleepand nighttime restlessness. The endogenous evening rise in melatonin occurred later in the LED-backlightcondition; due to the use of cell phones affected the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmaticnuclei which most likely received a longer “day” signal, inducing a phase delay.Conclusion: Participants reported higher amounts of nocturnal cell phone use reported spending less timesleeping and poorer sleep quality No significant differences were found between the urban Mumbai groupand the semi urban Goa group..
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Identification of the driver mutations in cancer has resulted in the development of a new category of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs. However, as was the case with conventional chemotherapies, the effectiveness of these drugs is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. While most cancer therapies are given in combinations that are designed to avoid drug resistance, we discuss here therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the changes in cancer cells that arise upon development of drug resistance. This approach is based on notion that drug resistance comes at a fitness cost to the cancer cell that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.We discuss the development of sequential drug therapies in which the first therapy is not given with curative intent, but to induce a major new sensitivity that can be targeted with a second drug that selectively targets the acquired vulnerability. This concept of collateral sensitivity has hitherto not been used on a large scale in the clinic and holds great promise for future cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Genetics , Medication Therapy Management , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Methods , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Pharmacogenomic Testing , Therapies, Investigational , MethodsABSTRACT
Introducción: la comunidad internacional, incluidas la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo, los sindicatos internacionales y otras entidades, han asumido el compromiso de promover y apoyar acciones y medidas que tomen los países para lograr implementar lugares de trabajo saludables. Objetivos: identificar signos y señales que afectan la salud de trabajadores en puestos de trabajo de visualización de pantallas de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública año 2014 y analizar los puestos de trabajo de forma participativa. Métodos: se realizó una investigación exploratoria con métodos teóricos y empíricos durante el año 2014, el universo estuvo conformado por 100 trabajadores que permanecen el mayor tiempo de su jornada laboral en puestos de trabajo de visualización de pantallas, la muestra, de manera intencional, quedó conformada por 54 trabajadores; se aplicó encuesta y observación al puesto de trabajo. Resultados: el 66,7 por ciento realizaba trabajo docente e investigativo, dedicándole más de seis horas el 50 por ciento, de forma sistemática el 69 por ciento. El ritmo de trabajo se consideró de medio aceptable por el 57,4 por ciento, las condiciones ambientales fueron positivas excepto afectación por ruido del tráfico de vehículos (79,6 por ciento), aparecen desordenes músculos esqueléticos, seguidos de cansancio visual, incumplimientos de procedimientos ergonómicos en relación con la ubicación del buró y computadora. Conclusiones: se identificaron signos y señales que pueden afectar la salud del trabajador; en el análisis del puesto de trabajo existe desconocimiento sobre los procedimientos ergonómicos y comportamientos por parte de los trabajadores, lo que dificulta la adecuación de cada puesto de trabajo según características personales(AU)
Introduction: The international community, including the World Health Organization, the International Labour Office, international trade unions and others agencies have committed to promote and support actions and measures to successfully implement healthy workplaces. Objectives: Identify signs and signals that affect the health of workers in jobs screens display at the National School of Public Health in 2014 and to analyze these jobs in a participatory manner. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted with theoretical and empirical methods during 2014. The universe consisted of 100 workers who stay as long as their workday in display screens jobs. The sample was intentionally made up of 54 workers; a survey was applied and observation to the job was conducted. Results: 66.7 percent were engaged in teaching and research work. 50 percent spends more than six hours, and 69 percent does it systematically. 57.4 percent, considered acceptable the pace of work. Environmental conditions were positive except by traffic noise of vehicles (79.6 percent). Skeletal muscle disorders appear, followed by eyestrain, defaults ergonomic procedures were observed in relation to the location of the desks and computers. Conclusions: Signs and signals were identified to affect worker health; there is lack knowledge on ergonomic procedures and behavior by workers, making it difficult to adapt each job according to personal characteristics(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Occupational Health , Screen Time , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Objective To screen the conservative,stable and specific DNA signature sequence in the plasmid of Yersinia pestis.Methods Specific validation trials and stability of the qualification test were carried out to 40 strains of Yersinia pestis,47 strains of non-Yersinia pestis of home and wild types of rodent in Yunnan,by using 32 DNA sequences derived from Yersinia pestis in the plasmid and conventional PCR technology,and Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 as a positive control.Results Four pairs of relatively conservative,stable and specific DNA marker genes were screened:YPMT1.05c,YPMT1.03c,YPMT1.42 and YPMT1.04c.Conclusions The 4 pairs of Yersinia pestis DNA signature sequences can be used for rapid diagnosis of plague.
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O uso de malhas ou filmes plásticos de diferente naturezas ou cores pode alterar a qualidade espectral da radiação e, como consequência, o crescimento e a produção de uma cultura vegetal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar aspectos do crescimento e da produção de Anthurium andraeanum 'Apalai' sob diferentes malhas de sombreamento. Para tal, mudas micropropagadas foram plantadas em canteiros sob quatro malhas com 70% de sombreamento (azul, vermelha, preta e termo-refletora). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições de quatro plantas úteis por parcela. As avaliações foram realizadas durante 12 meses, sendo iniciadas após a produção de hastes florais comercializáveis. A malha preta se sobressaiu em relação às demais, proporcionando a melhor condição para crescimento e produção do antúrio, bem como as maiores dimensões da haste floral, que são consideradas atributos de qualidade para flor de corte.
The use of screen or plastic films of different nature or color can change the quality of spectral radiation, and as consequence the growth and production of a crop. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the growth and yield of Anthurium andraeanum 'Apalai' under different shading screens. For developing such research, micropopageted seedlings were planted in beds under four screens with 70% shading (blue, red, black and thermo-reflective). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four repetitions. The assessments were conducted for 12 months, started after the production of flower stalks marketable. The black screen gave the best results, providing the best conditions for growth and production of anthurium, and the larger dimensions flowers stem, that are considered attributes of quality to cut flower.
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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sombreamento, durante o período de desenvolvimento de gemas florais, sobre o desenvolvimento e maturação dos frutos, produção e tamanho dos grãos de Coffea arabica L. O experimento foi conduzido com cafeeiros adultos no Município de Londrina, os quais foram sombreados nos meses de abril, maio, junho, julho e agosto de 2004, com malhas de sombrite com 50 por cento de sombreamento. As coberturas foram retiradas, simultaneamente, no início de outubro do mesmo ano. A interceptação de 50 por cento da radiação incidente sobre o dossel dos cafeeiros em diferentes épocas do desenvolvimento de gemas florais não alterou o crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos frutos. As altas temperaturas e a deficiência hídrica anteciparam a maturação dos frutos, porém sem diferenças significativas nos estádios de maturação entre os tratamentos. O sombreamento, em diferentes épocas, também não afetou a produção e o tamanho dos grãos.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of shading during the period of floral buds development on the growth and maturation of coffee fruits, production and grain size of Coffea arabica L. The experiment was carried out in Londrina, PR, Brazil. Plots of adult coffee plants were shaded monthly in April, May, June, July and August of 2004 using shading screens with 50 percent of porosity. The coverings were removed simultaneously at the beginning of October of the same year. The interception of 50 percent of incident radiation over the coffee canopy in different periods of floral buds development did not alter fruit growth and development. Fruit maturation was anticipated due to high temperatures and water deficit, however without significant differences on maturation periods among treatments. Grain yield and size were not affected by shading in the different periods.
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OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the ability of screen-film mammography (SFM) and soft-copy full-field digital mammography (s-FFDM) on two different monitors to detect and characterize microcalcifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The images of 40 patients with microcalcifications (three patients had malignant lesion and 37 patients had benign lesion), who underwent both SFM and FFDM at an interval of less than six months, were independently evaluated by three readers. Three reading sessions were undertaken for SFM and for FFDM on a mammography-dedicated review workstation (RWS, 2K x 2.5K), and for FFDM on a high-resolution PACS monitor (1.7K x 2.3K). The image quality, breast composition and the number and conspicuity of the microcalcifications were evaluated using a three-point rating method, and the mammographic assessment was classified into 4 categories (normal, benign, low concern and moderate to great concern). RESULTS: The image quality, the number and conspicuity of the microcalcifications by s-FFDM (on the RWS, PACS and both) were superior to those by SFM in 85.0%, 80.0% and 52.5% of the cases, respectively (p 0.01). The mammographic assessment category for the microcalcifications in the three reading sessions was similar. CONCLUSION: s-FFDM gives a superior image quality to SFM and it is better at evaluating microcalcifications. In addition, s-FFDM with the PACS monitor is comparable to s-FFDM with the RWS for evaluating microcalcifications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Mammography/methods , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Breast Diseases/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare changes in breast parenchymal density among diverse age groups in asymptomatic Korean women with those of Western women, and to evaluate the effect of different patterns of breast parenchymal density on the sensitivity of screening mammography in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We analyzed the distribution of breast parenchymal density among diverse age groups in 823 asymptomatic Korean women aged 30 -64 who underwent screening mammography between January and December 1998. On the basis of ACR BI-RADS breast composition, four density patterns were designated: patterns l and 2 related to fatty mammograms, and patterns 3 and 4 to dense mammograms. We compared the results with those for western women. RESULTS: In Korean women, the frequency of dense mammogram was 88.1 % (30 -34 years old), 91.1 % (35 - 39), 78.3 % (40 -44), 61.1 % (45 -49), 30.1 % (50 -54), 21.1 % (55 -59), and 7.0 % (60 -64). Korean women in their 40s thus showed a higher frequency of dense mammograms, but this frequency decreased abruptly be-tween the ages of 40 and 54. In Western women, however, there was little difference between 40 and 54-year-olds: the figures were 47.2 % (40 -44 years), 44.8 %(45 -49), and 44.4 %(50 -54). CONCLUSION: Because the frequency of their dense mammograms shows little change between Western women in their forties and in their fifties, it is clear that between these two age groups, mammographic sensitivity is only slightly different. Because the frequency of dense mammograms is much greater among Korean women in their forties than among Western women og the same age, and among Korean women this frequency decreases abruptly, it appears, however, that the mammographic sensitivity of Korean women is less among those in their forties than among those in their fifties. It is therefore thought that mammography combined with ultrasonography may increase screening sensitivity among Korean women under 50, who have a rela-tively higher incidence of breast cancer in the younger age groups than do Western women.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Incidence , Mammography , Mass Screening , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether abnormal triple marker in the second trimester may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Between November 1996 and April 1998, we evaluated 1,158 pregnant women undergoing second trimester triple marker screening tests who delivered at our hospital. The pregnancy outcomes of 48 women with false positive screens were compared with 1,158 screen negative controls. The pregnancy outcomes were obtained from hospital delivery records. RESULTS: Women with abnormal triple marker showed increased risks for low birth weight(p<0.01). But there was no significant differences between study and control groups with respect to preterm labor, pregnancy induced hypertension, oligohydroamnios, premature rupture of membrane, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, fetal death in utero. CONCLUSION: Abnormal triple marker in the second trimester was associated with low birth weight.