Cognitive abilities and medical students' practice of physical exams: A quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To highlight the importance of clinical simulations and simulated laboratories for student training, especially in physical examination teaching. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gains obtained by medical students in their cognitive and practical performance of physical examinations (abdominal, cardiological, and pulmonary), as well as satisfaction and self-confidence in what they have learned, after concentrated practice developed in a skills and simulation laboratory. DESIGN AND SETTING: A quantitative and quasi-experimental study in which 48 students were evaluated at the Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted with regularly enrolled 2nd year medical students over 18 years of age who had content prior to data collection regarding anamnesis and physical examination remotely taught in a Moodle virtual learning environment. For data collection, the participants were subjected to a concentrated period of skill training (abdominal, cardiological, and pulmonary). Every day after the skill training session, they were subjected to a practical evaluation and completed a theoretical test before and after the practical activities. At the end of all activities, they answered the instrument to assess the simulated practices (self-confidence and satisfaction). RESULTS: Among the 49 students evaluated, positive and significant theoretical and practical gains were identified in all three components (abdominal, cardiological, and pulmonary) (P = 0.000), as well as in the general evaluation (Theoretical 1 and Theoretical 2) (P = 0.000), satisfaction, and self-confidence (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Concentrated laboratory practice resulted in positive improvements in students' physical examination skills.

General education of foreign students in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine: a case study of Shanghai University of TCM / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The number of foreign students studying Chinese medicine in China has always been the first in the rank of natural sciences foreign students studying in China. They are mostly from developing countries, keen on Chinese traditional culture, and prefer practical specialties such as acupuncture. The general education of overseas students majoring in traditional Chinese medicine can help them learn professional knowledge and integrate into Chinese society more rapidly, which promotes the global spread of Chinese culture. In the nearly 20 years of general education for foreign students, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has made clear the teaching ideas and guidelines, strengthened the construction of teachers, attached importance to the feedback of students, adjusted the curriculum with the times, encouraged the experience complementary among brother colleges, and further promoted international exchanges. Especially, the courses such as the History of Chinese Medicine, have achieved good teaching results. To actively carry out general education for foreign students in Chinese medicine colleges and Confucius Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine around the world is not only conducive to the cultivation of talents of traditional Chinese medicine in the world, but also an effective way to inherit and develop traditional Chinese medicine.

The Essential Connotation and Promotion Path of Self-Confidence in Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultural / 中国医学伦理学

The essential connotation of self-confidence in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) culture includes three parts: the theoretical self-confidence of TCM represented by the overall concept and syndrome differentiation, the historical self-confidence that TCM has been in an important position for a long time in the history of medical development, and the realistic self-confidence that TCM has contributed to human health and safety, which reflect the profound historical roots and extensive mass foundation of TCM culture in China. However, due to the doubts of non-scientific theory, outdated theory and useless theory, the spread and development of TCM culture has also encountered reality dilemma. In order to achieve the fundamental purpose of improving the self-confidence of TCM culture, it is significant to eliminate these negative effects by optimizing the communication system, creatively transforming and innovatively developing TCM culture and upgrading the level of health services.

The self-confidence of dental students in oral surgery / La autoconfianza de los estudiantes de odontología en cirugía oral

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to evaluate the self-confidence of undergraduate students and thus to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of oral surgery education from the students' perspectives. A survey was conducted by preparing a questionnaire to assess the the self-confidence of students in performing oral surgery. Survey questions have been imported to Google Forms®. It was then electronically delivered to the students through the Turkish Dental Association. Regarding the data, besides the frequency and percentage distributions, the relationship between the variables was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. A total of 615 students, including 386 female and 229 male students, participated in this study. Of the students, 62.4% were 5th year and 37.56% were 4th year students. According to the survey, it was observed that male students and 5th year students were in general more confident in themselves. Students had low self-confidence in differentiating between odontogenic and non- odontogenic pain and recognizing malignant lesions or lesions with high malignant potential. In the oral surgery curriculum, subjects in which the students have issues should be identified and more emphasis should be placed on them. Oral pathology as well as head and neck anatomy courses should be emphasized further, priority should be given to case-based courses, and reminder presentations should be made at certain intervals. In addition, considering that practice is important for gaining self- confidence, students must practice more under the supervision of instructors in the areas in which they feel inadequate.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la autoconfianza de los estudiantes de pregrado y así resaltar las fortalezas y debilidades de la educación en cirugía oral desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. Se realizó una encuesta mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario para evaluar la autoconfianza de los estudiantes en la realización de cirugía oral. Las preguntas de la encuesta se importaron a Google Forms®. Luego se les entregó electrónicamente a los estudiantes a través de la Asociación Dental Turca. En cuanto los datos, además de las distribuciones de frecuencia y porcentaje, se analizó tambien la relación entre las variables mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado. Se participaron 386 estudiantes femininas y 229 estudiantes masculinos en este estudio, un total de 615 personas. El 62,4% de los estudiantes eran del 5º año y el 37,56% eran estudiantes del 4º año. Según la encuesta, se observó que los estudiantes masculinos y los estudiantes del 5º año tenían en general más confianza en sí mismos. Los estudiantes tenían poca confianza en sí mismos para diferenciar entre dolor odontogénico y no odontogénico y reconocer lesiones malignas o lesiones malignas con alto potencial. En el plan de estudios de cirugía oral, se deben identificar las materias en las que los estudiantes tienen problemas y se debe poner más énfasis en ellas. Se debe enfatizar aún más los cursos de patología oral, así como de anatomía de cabeza y cuello. Se debe dar prioridad a los cursos basados en casos, y se deben hacer presentaciones recordatorias a ciertos intervalos. Además, considerando que la práctica es importante para aumentar la autoconfianza, los estudiantes deben practicar más bajo la supervisión de instructores en las áreas en las que se sienten inadecuados.

Factores psicológicos relacionados con las lesiones en deportistas de baloncesto de alto rendimiento en una provincia de Cuba / Psychological factors related to injuries in high-performance basketball sportsmen from Villa Clara

Introducción: El comportamiento epidemiológico de las lesiones en el baloncesto, los efectos negativos sobre la salud de los deportistas, su etiología multicausal y la dispersión teórica en la determinación de sus antecedentes psicológicos justifican el presente estudio. Objetivo: Relacionar factores psicológicos con las lesiones sufridas por los deportistas analizados. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional y transversal realizado a los 21 deportistas que constituyen la población correspondiente al equipo de baloncesto de alto rendimiento de la provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. Se empleó un cuestionario específico para obtener información sobre las lesiones, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo/Estado y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado en Competencia para evaluar la ansiedad rasgo y estado respectivamente. Para evaluar las habilidades psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo fue aplicado el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los datos se analizaron mediante distribución empírica de frecuencias, mínimo, máximo, media, desviación típica, Kolmogórov-Smirnov para una muestra y el coeficiente de correlación lineal de Pearson con nivel de significación de p≤0,05. Resultados: Se obtuvo una elevada presencia de lesiones, la cual posee un comportamiento similar a los antecedentes teóricos del estudio. El control de afrontamiento negativo y de la atención fueron los factores psicológicos que alcanzaron menores puntuaciones. El bajo control de afrontamiento negativo y de la actitud establecen mayores niveles de relación con las lesiones. Conclusiones: Los bajos niveles de autoconfianza, de control emocional, de la atención y de la actitud se relacionan con una mayor cantidad de lesiones, así como un menor control del afrontamiento negativo y de la actitud se asocia a lesiones de mayor gravedad(AU)

Introduction: The epidemiological behavior of injuries in basketball, the negative effects on the health of sportsmen, their multicausal etiology and the theoretical dispersion in determining their psychological background justify the present study. Objective: To associate psychological factors with the injuries suffered by the sportsmen analyzed. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study carried out on the 21 sportsmen that make up the high-performance basketball population of Villa Clara province. A specific questionnaire was used to obtain information on the injuries; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Competency State Anxiety Inventory were used to assess trait and state anxiety, respectively. The Sports Performance Psychological Inventory was used to evaluate the psychological skills associated with sports performance. Data were analyzed using empirical frequency distribution, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for a sample as well as Pearson's linear correlation coefficient with a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The high presence of injuries, which has a behavior similar to the theoretical background of the study, is evident. The negative coping control and the attention control were the psychological factors that achieved lower scores. The low negative coping control and the low control of the attitude establish higher levels of relationship with injuries. Conclusions: Low levels of self-confidence, emotional control, attention and attitude are associated with a greater number of injuries, so less negative coping control and attitude is associated with more serious injuries(AU)

Student's confidence in mental health practice before and after psychiatry rotation: a follow up study / Autoconfiança dos alunos para a prática em saúde mental antes e depois do internato em psiquiatria: um estudo de seguimento

ABSTRACT Objectives The primary objective was to measure the effect of psychiatry rotation in students self-confidence (SC) for managing mental health (MH) issues. Methods An eighteen questions version of "Preparation for Hospital Practice Questionnaire" (PHPQ) adapted for MH was applied before, after and six months later the psychiatry rotation. Sociodemographic and experience with mental illness was measured as confounding factors. Results Hundred and ten students were recruited and four factors were identified: "Diagnosis elaboration and basic care" (F1), "Crisis management and prevention" (F2), "External sickness determinants" (F3) and "Personal distress with clinics" (F4). Cronbach Alpha ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. Previous MH training were not frequent (9.09%), and associated with better SC in F2 (after p < 0.05, 6m p = 0.03). Previous mental disorder was frequent (42.16%), and associated with more SC on F2 (p < 0.01) and F3 (p = 0.03) before course, but only on F3 after (p < 0.01) and not 6 months later. Male gender had more SC in F4 (p < 0.01) before course, but after course and 6m later female gender became more SC in F1 (after p = 0.02, 6m p = 0.01) and equivalent in F4. All factors had higher scores after and 6 months later (p < 0.001). The class considered that an interview script is very important for their SC, and improves assistance (mean > 9.0/10.0). Conclusion Obligatory rotation in MH improved SC in students. Previous training and gender were related with long lasting effects in SC.

RESUMO Objetivos Avaliar os efeitos de empoderamento do internato em saúde mental (SM) na autoconfiança (AC) dos alunos de Medicina. Métodos Uma versão adaptada para a saúde mental do "Questionário de Preparação para Prática Hospitalar" foi aplicada antes, depois e seis meses após o internato. Resultados Cento e dez alunos participaram e quatro fatores foram extraídos: "Elaboração diagnóstica e cuidados básicos" (F1), "Gestão e prevenção de crise" (F2), "Determinantes externos de adoecimento" (F3) e "Sofrimento pessoal com a clínica" (F4). Treinamento prévio em SM é incomum (9,09%), mas foi associado com pontuações mais altas em F2 (p = 0,05 e 6m p = 0,03). Tratamento prévio em SM (42,16% dos alunos) foi associado a valores mais altos em F2 (p < 0,01) e F3 (p = 0,03) antes, mas apenas em F3 (p < 0,01) após o curso. O gênero masculino apresentou valores mais positivos que o feminino em F4 (p < 0,01) antes, mas não após o curso, quando apresentaram valores mais baixos em F1 (após p = 0,02, 6m p = 0,01). Todos os fatores apresentaram valores mais altos após o curso (p < 0,001). Os alunos consideraram o uso de uma entrevista estruturada muito importante para sua autoconfiança e qualidade da assistência (média > 9,0/10,0). Conclusão O internato em SM aumentou a AC nos alunos. Treinamento prévio e gênero estiveram associados com efeitos duradouros na AC.

Efecto de un programa de práctica imaginada sobre la autoconfianza de futbolistas / The Effect of an Imagery Training Intervention on Self-confidence in Football Players / Efeito de um programa de prática imaginada sobre a autoconfiança de futebolistas

Resumen Objetivo. Establecer el efecto de un programa de intervención en práctica imaginada, entendida como el uso de los sentidos para la creación o recreación de imágenes o experiencias y atribuirles significado, sobre la autoconfianza de los futbolistas. Método. Participaron 17 futbolistas hombres, 9 en el grupo intervención y 8 en el grupo control, entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 21, DE = 2.2). La intervención se desarrolló durante 8 sesiones y se basó en el modelo PETTLEP. Se midió la habilidad de imaginería a través del SIAQ y la autoconfianza con la prueba TSCI. Resultados. Los participantes mostraron un efecto de interacción en la habilidad de imaginería (F (1, 15) = 4.57, p< 0.05, ηp2 = 0.23), mientras que para la autoconfianza solo se estableció un efecto principal en los grupos intervención y control (F (1, 15) = 6.13, p < 0.05, ηp2 =.29). Adicionalmente, se observó una correlación positiva alta entre imaginería y autoconfianza (r(8) = 0.79, p < 0.05). Conclusión. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo tras la intervención en práctica imaginada en la habilidad de imaginería, lo cual es un avance significativo para la aplicación de la práctica imaginada en deportes de conjunto, como el fútbol.

Abstract Objective. To examine the effect of imagery intervention on the self-confidence of university football players after participating in an 8-session imagery intervention. Method. 17 male football players between 18 and 25 years old (M = 21, SD = 2.2) participated, 9 in the intervention group and 8 in the control group. The intervention lasted 8 sessions and was based on the PETTLEP model. The imagery was measured through the SIAQ and self-confidence with TSCI. Results. The results showed an interaction effect on imagery (F (1, 15) = 4.57, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.23), while the main effect on self-confidence was established in the intervention and control groups (F (1, 15) = 6.13, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.29). Additionally, a high positive correlation was found between imagery and self-confidence (r (8) = 0.79, p < 0.05). Conclusion. A positive effect was obtained after an imagery intervention on the imagery ability, which is a significant advance for the application of imagery practice in team sports, such as football.

Resumo Escopo. Estabelecer o efeito de um programa de intervenção em prática imaginada, entendida como o uso dos sentidos para a criação ou recreação de imagens ou experiencias e lhes atribuir significado, sobre a autoconfiança dos futebolistas. Metodologia. Participaram 17 futebolistas homens, 9 no grupo de intervenção e 8 no grupo de controle, entre os 18 e os 25 anos (M = 21, DE = 2.2). A intervenção foi desenvolvida durante 8 sessões e foi baseada no modelo PETTLEP. Foi medida a habilidade de criar imaginários através do SIAQ e a autoconfiança com a prova TSCI. Resultados. Os participantes mostraram um efeito de interação na habilidade de criar imaginários (F (1, 15) = 4.57, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.23), enquanto que para a autoconfiança só foi estabelecido um efeito principal nos grupos de intervenção e controle (F (1, 15) = 6.13, p < 0.05, ηp2 =.29). Além do mais, foi observada uma correlação positiva alta entre imaginário e autoconfiança (r(8) = 0.79, p < 0.05). Conclusão. Foi obtido um efeito positivo depois da intervenção em prática imaginada na habilidade de criar imaginários, o que é um avanço significativo para aplicação da prática imaginada em esportes como o futebol.

Simulação como estratégia de interferência na autoconfiança interprofissional no âmbito da atenção primária / Simulation as interference strategy in interprofessional self-confidence in primary health care / Simulación como estrategia de inteferencia en la autoconfianza interprofesional en el ámbito de la atención primaria

Objetivo: verificar se a estratégia de simulação empregada para capacitação em suporte básico de vida e situações de obstrução de vias aéreas interfere na autoconfiança interprofissional no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Método: estudo quaseexperimental desenvolvido com 68 profissionais da atenção primária do Distrito Federal, entre junho e dezembro de 2018. Utilizaram-se questionários para caracterização do conhecimento e avaliação da autoconfiança. Realizou-se aula expositiva e simulação realística sobre parada cardiopulmonar e obstrução de vias aéreas como intervenção, sendo significativos os resultados com diferença estatisticamente significativa antes e após (p<0,05). Resultados: amostra majoritariamente feminina (69,1%), com idade entre 21 e 70 anos, com predomínio de agentes comunitários de saúde (32,4%). Houve melhora na autoconfiança para o manejo correto da parada cardiopulmonar e da desobstrução de vias aéreas (p<0,001) após a intervenção. Conclusão: a simulação favorece aprendizagem experiencial, desenvolvendo autoconfiança interprofissional para lidar com emergências na atenção primária à saúde.

Objective: to verify if the simulation strategy employed for basic life support training and situations of airway obstruction interferes with interprofessional self-confidence in primary health care. Method: quasi-experimental study conducted with 68 primary care professionals in the Federal District, Brazil, between June and December 2018. Questionnaire to characterize knowledge and self-confidence were used. A lecture and realistic simulation on cardiopulmonary arrest and airway obstruction were performed as intervention, being statistically significant different results before and after intervention (p<0,05). Results: mostly female sample (69.1%), aged between 21 and 70 years. Community health agents predominated (32.4%). Self-confidence improved for the correct management of cardiopulmonary arrest and airway clearance (p <0.001) after intervention. Conclusion: Simulation supports experiential learning, developing interprofessional self-confidence in dealing with emergencies in primary health care.

Objetivo: verificar si la estrategia de simulación empleada para el entrenamiento de soporte vital básico y las situaciones de obstrucción de las vías respiratorias interfieren con la autoconfianza interprofesional en la atención primaria de salud. Método: estudio cuasi experimental realizado con 68 profesionales de atención primaria en el Distrito Federal, Brasil, entre junio y diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó un cuestionario para caracterizar el conocimiento y la autoconfianza. Una intervención y una simulación realista sobre el paro cardiopulmonar y la obstrucción de las vías aéreas se realizaron como intervención, siendo resultados estadísticamente significativos diferentes antes y después de la intervención (p <0,05). Resultados: muestra mayoritariamente femenina (69,1%), con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 70 años. Predominaron los agentes comunitarios de salud (32,4%). La autoconfianza mejoró para el manejo correcto del paro cardiopulmonar y el despeje de la vía aérea (p <0.001) después de la intervención. Conclusión: La simulación apoya el aprendizaje experimental, desarrollando la autoconfianza interprofesional para enfrentar emergencias en la atención primaria de salud.

Analysis of knowledge, attitude and willingness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among massive open online course students / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the general knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the attitudes and willingness of massive open online course (MOOC) students to perform CPR. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out among 1212 MOOC students who participated in CPR training courses in July 2017. Data were obtained through electronic self-administered questionnaire consisting of individual information, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of CPR, willingness to perform CPR in emergency scenarios, and changes in self-confidence before and after the CPR training courses. Results Totally 1092 questionnaires were qualified with a response rate of 90.1％. 97.2％ of the respondents understood the meaning of CPR, 83.2％ were willing to disseminate the first-aid knowledge, and 55.2％ had previous CPR training. When confronted with cardiac arrest in emergency scenarios, MOOC students were more likely to perform chest compressions (CC) than CC+mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MMV) (P<0.01). The willingness to implement CC+MMV is significantly stronger for family members than strangers (P<0.01). Furthermore, the barriers of performing CC+MMV were lack of confidence (33.8％), fear of disease transmission (29.5％), and fear of harming the victim (28.4％). Self-confidence in the implementation of CPR in emergency scenarios improved a lot compared with no experience of participating in CPR training (P<0.01). Conclusions MOOC students have a positive attitude toward CPR. Lack of confidence is the strongest hindrance to attempt CPR. MOOC training on CPR enhance the general public's self-confidence in the implementation of CPR.

Development and Evaluation of Empowering Education Program for Maternal Fetal Intensive Care Unit (MFICU) Nurses / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop an empowering education program for Maternal-Fetal Intensive Care Unit (MFICU) nurses who provide intensive care to high-risk mother and fetus at hospitals, to test effects of the education program on nursing care confidence and nursing knowledge, and to examine program satisfaction. METHODS: This study comprised of 2 phases: program development and evaluation. First, we have followed a process of program development to develop and refine an empowering education program for MFICU nurses through collaborative works among clinical obstetrics and gynecology doctors and nurses and academic nursing professors. Second, the empowering education program was provided to 49 nurses and evaluated from July 5 to 6, 2019. Levels of MFICU nursing care confidence and knowledge were measured. RESULTS: The empowering education program included 18 hours of lectures, discussion, and Q & A, which continued for 2 days. This program significantly improved high-risk maternal-fetal nursing care confidence and knowledge of nurses. The program was well met with nurses' education need and goals, and found to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The empowering education program was observed to be effective in terms of improve nursing care confidence and knowledge of nurses in MFICU. It is proposed that this program should be open regularly for nurses to obtain and improve their clinical knowledge, confidence, and competency. Further study is needed to develop and run 2-levels of education such as basic and advanced levels based on nurses' clinical background and competency.

Factors Influencing Metacognition, Communication Skills, and Confidence in the Performance of Core Basic Nursing Skills on Clinical Competency in Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of metacognition, communication skills, and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills on clinical competency in nursing students.METHODS: A total of 158 students were recruited from two nursing colleges in B metropolitan city. Data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaires from December 3–31, 2018 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression with SPSS 21.0.RESULTS: Metacognition, communication skills, and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills were higher than normal and the relationship between the variables metacognition (r=.69, p=<.001), communication skills (r=.69, p=<.001), and confidence in the performance of core basic nursing skills (r=.59, p=<.001) were highly positively correlated with clinical performance. Factors influencing these three variables accounted for 64.4% of clinical competency.CONCLUSION: Further research on the development of the curriculum and intervention program, and the verification of the effect are needed.

Thoughts and practices of personnel training majoring in Chinese material medica based on the cultural self-confidence of Chinese medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

Guided by Chinese medicine culture,the strengthening of the cultural self-confidence of Chinese medicine is the cornerstone of the personnel training majoring in Chinese material medica.With the rapid development of modern medicine,the personnel training of the undergraduate students majoring in Chinese material medica in the universities of western medicine is facing several problems,such as lack of cultural identity,lack of professional confidence,unsteadiness of professional thinking,and changes of employment direction.For these problems,based on the main line "Solidify the cultural foundation of Chinese medicine,strengthen the self-confidence of Chinese material medica",our school selected the Chinese medicine cultural traveling,social practices and Chinese medicine employment guidance curriculum as the starting points,and carried out various of lively and vivid activities,which had positive impacts on the learning enthusiasm and professional love of the undergraduate students majoring in Chinese material medica.

Enhanced self-confidence in young adolescents with direct partial composite veneer:A case series

@#Dental esthetic problems in young adolescents such as undesirable tooth shape, color, size and position may affect psychosocial interaction and self-confidence of a person, thus the need for dental treatment. Recent composite resin materials offer a vast range of shades that perfectly emulate natural tooth. The aim of this procedure is to improve the appearance of the teeth using direct partial composite veneer due to its minimally invasive and time efficiency characteristics.

The influence of self-confidence on parental rearing pattern and fear of Freshmen / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the parental rearing style and facing-audience com munication apprehension(FACA).Methods The Chinese College Students' Facing-audience Communication Apprehension Scale (revised version of 2011),the Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese(s-EMBU-C) and the Overall Self-confidence Questionnaire Version of College Students were adopted to survey on 1 072 college freshmen from Guizhou Province.Results FACA in the freshmen of non-one-child was significantly higher than that in the freshmen of one-child,FACA in the freshmen of good performance was significantly lower than that in the freshmen of middle and poor performance;FACA of college freshmen,parental rearing style and self-confidence were significantly correlated with each other;self-confidence played a complete mediated role between the parental care and FACA,and a partial mediated role between the parental control and FACA.Conclusion Self-confidence has significant mediate effect between the parental rearing style and FACA of college freshmen.

Adaptation and validation of sport-confidence measure to gymnasts and football players / Adaptação e validação de medida de autoconfiança para atletas de ginástica e futebol / Adaptación y validación de medida de autoconfianza para deportistas de gimnasia y fútbol

This study aimed to adapt the Sport-Confidence Inventory to Brazilian athletes and to investigate validity and reliability of adapted instrument. Elite athletes from 12 to 22 years of age that practice artistic gymnastics, rhythm gymnastics or football have participated in the study. The research procedures were: a) to realize the transcultural adaptation of SCI; b) to investigate evidences of content validity by pilot study; c) to investigate the construct validity, by principal component analysis; and d) to investigate reliability evidences by analysis of Cronbach's alpha values of the adapted instrument. Results showed reliability evidences of the instrument to the application in gymnasts and football players. Construct validity indicated different composition to the subscales in each group. Future research may improve the semantic quality of Questionário de Autoconfiança no Esporte, considering the particularities of each sport.

Este estudo teve como objetivos adaptar o instrumento de medida da autoconfiança Sport-Confidence Inventory para atletas brasileiros e investigar evidências de validade e precisão do instrumento adaptado. Participaram atletas de alto rendimento, com idades entre 12 e 22 anos, das modalidades esportivas ginástica artística, ginástica rítmica e futebol. Os procedimentos consistiram em: a) realizar a adaptação transcultural do SCI; b) investigar evidências de validade de conteúdo por meio de estudo piloto; c) validade de construto, por meio de análise de componentes principais; e d) evidências de precisão, pela verificação dos valores alfa de Cronbach, do instrumento adaptado. Os resultados demonstraram evidências de precisão para as aplicações em atletas de ginástica e de futebol. A validade de construto indicou composições diferentes para as subescalas em cada grupo. Estudos futuros poderiam aprimorar a qualidade semântica do Questionário de Autoconfiança no Esporte, considerando as particularidades de cada modalidade esportiva.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivos adaptar el instrumento de medida de autoconfianza Sport-Confidence Inventory para deportistas brasileños e investigar evidencias de validez y precisión del instrumento adaptado. Participaron deportistas de alto rendimiento, con edades entre 12 y 22 años, de las siguientes modalidades deportivas: gimnasia artística, gimnasia rítmica y fútbol. Los procedimientos consisten en: a) realizar la adaptación transcultural del SCI; b) investigar evidencias de validez de contenido por medio de estudio piloto; c) validez del constructo, por medio de análisis de componentes principales; y d) evidencias de precisión, por la verificación de los valores Alfa de Cronbach del instrumento adaptado. Los resultados demostraron evidencias de precisión para las aplicaciones en deportistas de gimnasia y fútbol. La validez del constructo indicó composiciones diferentes para las sub-escalas en cada grupo. Estudios futuros podrían mejorar la calidad semántica del Cuestionario de Autoconfianza en el Deporte, considerando las particularidades de cada modalidad deportiva.

Influence of Nursing Intervention on Postpartum Adverse Emotions and Breastfeeding Compliance in Primipara / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To observe the influence of nursing intervention on postpartum depression and breastfeeding compliance in primipara.Methods From August 2013 to April 2015,146 women received cesarean section in North Jiaochang Branch of Hanzhong Central Hospital were randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 73 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine nursing measures,and the intervention group with both routine care and nursing intervention.Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the negative emotions of maternal postpartum.Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) were used to evaluate the confidence of maternal breast feeding.The breast feeding compliance between the two groups was compared.The breast feeding rates of the two groups were compared in 1 week and 1 month after discharge.Results Compared with the control group,the SDS and SAS scores of the intervention group were significantly lower (P＜0.05).The breastfeeding confidence of the intervention group was significantly better than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The compliance of breast feeding of the intervention group was 97.26％ significantly higher than that of the control group (78.08％)with a statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).After one-week and one-month follow-up,the rate of breastfeeding of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.89％ VS 83.56％;91.78％ VS 72.60％,P＜0.05).Concltsion The nursing intervention measures for primipara after cesarean section can significantly break bad mood,enhance maternal breastfeeding confidence,increase the rate of breastfeeding compliance and are worthy of promotion.

Effects of Open Laboratory Self-directed Practice on Knowledge, Self-confidence, Skill Competency, and Satisfaction of Intravenous Infusion / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done in order to identify the effectiveness of open laboratory self-directed practice on knowledge, self-confidence, skill competency, and satisfaction of intravenous infusion in nursing students. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control pre-posttest design. The participants were 32 students comprising an experimental group and 30 students comprising a control group. The experimental group was allowed to perform open laboratory self-directed practice only. Pretest and posttest was performed through questionnaires of knowledge and self-confidence, and competence and satisfaction were assessed using checklists at posttest. RESULTS: The score of Knowledge in the posttest showed no significant difference between both groups (F=1.28, p=.290), and those of self-confidence (F=3.87, p=.014) and competency (F=9.55, p<.001) of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Open laboratory self-directed practice was effective in improving nursing students' self-confidence and competency of intravenous infusion. Therefore, students should be encouraged to actively participate in open laboratory self-directed practice and the effective strategies should be developed.

Effects of the Reeducation of Core Fundamental Nursing Skills on Clinical Stress, Critical Thinking Disposition and Self-Confidence in Nursing Skills of Senior Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the reeducation of core fundamental nursing skills on clinical stress, critical thinking disposition, and self-confidence in nursing skills of senior nursing students. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were recruited from two nursing colleges. The sample consisted of an intervention group (n=33) that participated in the educational program and a control group (n=32). The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data analyses utilized χ²-test & t–test. RESULTS: After the reeducation of core fundamental nursing skills, senior nursing students had less clinical stress (t=-2.089, p=.041) and more self-confidence (t=1.008, p=.318) in nursing skills. However, it had no effect on critical thinking disposition (t=1.008, p=.318). CONCLUSION: Reeducation of core fundamental nursing skills is important to the nursing profession. Also, nurses who are self-confident in their nursing skills are less stressed about improving the quality of their work due to the reeducation of core fundamental nursing skills. Therefore, it is vital for nursing colleges to reeducate core fundamental nursing skills to their students before graduation.

Validation to Portuguese of the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning / Validação para a língua portuguesa da escala Student Satisfactionand Self-Confidence in Learning / Validación para la lengua portuguesa de la escala Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning

Objective: translate and validate to Portuguese the Scale of Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning. Material and Methods: methodological translation and validation study of a research tool. After following all steps of the translation process, for the validation process, the event III Workshop Brazil - Portugal: Care Delivery to Critical Patients was created, promoted by one Brazilian and another Portuguese teaching institution. Results: 103 nurses participated. As to the validity and reliability of the scale, the correlation pattern between the variables, the sampling adequacy test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and the sphericity test (Bartlett) showed good results. In the exploratory factorial analysis (Varimax), item 9 behaved better in factor 1 (Satisfaction) than in factor 2 (Self-confidence in learning). The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) showed coefficients of 0.86 in factor 1 with six items and 0.77 for factor 2 with 07 items. Conclusion: in Portuguese this tool was called: Escala de Satisfação de Estudantes e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem. The results found good psychometric properties and a good potential use. The sampling size and specificity are limitations of this study, but future studies will contribute to consolidate the validity of the scale and strengthen its potential use.

Objetivo: traduzir e validar para língua portuguesa a escala Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning. Material e Métodos: estudo metodológico de tradução e validação de instrumento. Cumpridas todas as etapas do processo de tradução, para o processo de validação criou-se o evento III Workshop Brasil - Portugal: Atendimento ao Paciente Crítico, promovido por uma instituição de ensino do Brasil e outra de Portugal. Resultados: participaram 103 enfermeiros. Quanto à validade e fidelidade da escala, o padrão de correlação entre as variáveis, o teste de adequação amostral (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) e o teste de esfericidade (Bartlett) apresentaram bons resultados. Na análise fatorial exploratória (Varimax) o item 9 se comportou melhor no fator 1 (Satisfação) do que no fator 2 (Autoconfiança com a aprendizagem). A consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) apresentou valores de 0,86 fator 1 com 06 itens e 0,77 para fator 2 de 07 itens. Conclusão: o presente instrumento ficou denominado em português: Escala de Satisfação de Estudantes e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem. Os resultados constatam boas propriedades psicométricas e um bom potencial de utilização. É limitação deste trabalho o tamanho amostral e sua especificidade, porém futuros trabalhos contribuirão para consolidar a validade da escala e reforçar o seu potencial de utilização.

Objetivo: traducir y validar para la lengua portuguesa la escala Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning. Material y Métodos: estudio metodológico de traducción y validación de instrumento. Tras cumplir todas las etapas del proceso de traducción, para el proceso de validación, se creó el evento III Workshop Brasil - Portugal: Atención al Paciente Crítico, promovido por una institución de enseñanza de Brasil y otra de Portugal. Resultados: participaron 103 enfermeros. Respecto a la validez y fidelidad de la escala, el patrón de correlación entre las variables, la prueba de adecuación de la muestra (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) y la prueba de esfericidad (Bartlett) mostraron buenos resultados. En el análisis factorial exploratoria (Varimax), el ítem 9 se comportó mejor en el factor 1 (Satisfacción) que en el factor 2 (Autoconfianza con el aprendizaje). La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) mostró valores de 0,86 para factor 1 con 06 ítems y 0,77 para factor 2 de 07 ítems. Conclusión: este instrumento fue llamado en portugués: Escala de Satisfação de Estudantes e Autoconfiança na Aprendizagem. Los resultados constatan buenas propiedades psicométricas y un buen potencial de utilización. Las limitaciones de este estudio son el tamaño de la muestra y su especificidad. Sin embargo, estudios futuros contribuirán para consolidar la validez de la escala y reforzar su potencial de utilización.

Modelo predictor de las motivaciones para correr: análisis con corredores de ruta españoles vs. mexicanos / Predictor Model for Running Motivations: Analysis of Spanish vs. Mexican Route Runners

En la práctica de ejercicio físico, estudiar las motivaciones implicadas en que un sujeto desarrolle tal actividad, se ha convertido en uno de los temas fundamentales de la psicología del deporte y el ejercicio. Se pretendía conocer qué relaciones predictivas presentaban el compromiso a correr, la ansiedad competitiva y la percepción de éxito en las carreras en ruta sobre los motivos para realizarlas. Participaron 1.795 corredores de fondo en ruta (1.105 españoles, 690 mexicanos). De ellos el 85.65% fueron hombres con una edad de M = 38.98 (DT=10.45), y 14.35% mujeres, con una edad M=37.88 (DT=9.80). La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante las adaptaciones al castellano de las Motivations of Marathoners Scales-34 (MOMS-34), la Commitment to Running Scale-11 (CR-11), el Revised Competitive State Anxiety lnventory-2 (CSAI-2R) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). Se ha obtenido que los mexicanos, frente al grupo de españoles, alcanzaron mayores puntuaciones en todas las subescalas de las MOMS-34, en la CR-11, en el POSQ y en las subescalas Autoconfianza del CSAI-2R, pero menor puntuación en ansiedad somática, no habiendo diferencias significativas en ansiedad cognitiva. Por último, los siete modelos predictivos basados en los análisis de regresión fueron muy similares cuando se compararon las dos nacionalidades agrupadas por el sexo del participante, obteniéndose unas varianzas explicativas muy altas. Pero se mostraron como modelos predicti-vos diferenciales cuando se compararon los hombres vs. las mujeres.

In physical exercise, studying the incentives involved when a subject is developing within their activity has become one of the key concerns of sport and exercise psychology. The aim was to establish the predictive effects of commitment to running, competitive anxiety and perception of success in route races upon the reasons for participating in them. 1.795 long-distance runners took part (1.105 Spanish, 690 Mexicans). Of these, 85.65% were men with an average age of M = 38.98 (DT=10.45), and 14.35% were women, with an average age of M=37.88 (DT=9.80). Data were collected via Spanish language adaptations of Motivations ofMarathonners Scales-34 (MOMS-34), the Commitment to Running Scale-11 (CR-11) the Revised Competitive State Anxiety lnventory-2 (CSAl-2R) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). The results showed that compared to the Spanish group, the Mexicans scored higher in all sub-scales of the MOMS-34, the CR-11, the POSQ and in the Self-confidence sub-scales of the CSAI-2R, but lower in Physical anxiety. There were no significant differences in terms of Cognitive anxiety. Finally, the seven predictive models based on regression analyses were very similar when the two nationalities were compared in groups according to the participantssex, producing some very high explanatory variance. But the predictive models were shown to be differential when men were compared with women.