Comparación de la fuerza de adhesión a dentina de cementos de autograbado vs grabado total / Comparison of bond strength to dentin of self-etching cements vs total etching

Los sistemas cementantes han mejorado notablemente, los objetivos que persiguen los nuevos cementos es que la adhesión sea duradera y conseguir siempre que sea posible una interface cerrada con un sellado perfecto. Se han podido desarrollar nuevas técnicas y nuevos materiales de cementación que han ido perfeccionando la unión del material restaurador al diente. En el presente estudio se compara la fuerza de adhesión a dentina de cementos de autograbado y cementos de grabado total para comprobar los efectos positivos en el grabado de la dentina. Para el estudio se utilizaron dos cementos a base de resina (RelyX U200 Clicker 3M y RelyX Ultimate 3M). Se encapsularon 40 molares en acrílico en dos grupos de 20 muestras para la aplicación de dos sistemas cementantes de autograbado (grupo 1) y de grabado total (grupo 2), respectivamente, se desgastaron hasta descubrir la dentina; siguiendo las especificaciones del fabricante se colocó el cemento en cada grupo, y después se sometieron a pruebas de cizalla en una máquina de ensayo universal Instron. La medida expresada en megapascales (MPa) fue: grupo 1 = 7.5569 y grupo 2 = 12.6444. En este caso fueron analizados dos grupos, tomándose la primera significancia bilateral. Se realiza la prueba en t de Student, con 95% de intervalo de confianza en la diferencia, demostrando así que el cemento RelyX Ultimate 3M tiene mayor fuerza de adhesión que el cemento RelyX U200 Clicker 3M. Nuestra investigación fue factible y llegamos a nuestro propósito, en el cual comprobamos la mayor adhesión de cementos de grabado total, los cuales son sometidos a un previo tratamiento del diente (AU)

Avaliação clínica de restaurações Classe V em cavidades tratadas com o laser de Er: YAG associado ao uso de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes / Clinical evaluation of Class V restorations in cavities treated with Er: YAG laser associated with the use of self-etching adhesive systems

O objetivo deste estudo clínico, controlado, randomizado, cego e prospectivo foi de avaliar a efetividade clínica de restaurações em lesões não cariosas (cavidades Classe V) realizadas em superfícies dentais pré-tratadas ou não com laser de Er:YAG e utilizando dois sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes. Este estudo foi realizado com um total de 91 lesões e divididas em 4 grupos (n = 23) :G1(FL): Sem pré-tratamento e utilizando o adesiso FL-Bond II/Shofu; G2 (CF): sem pré-tratamento e utilizando o adesivo Clearfil SE Bond 2/Kuraray Noritake; G3 (Laser + FL): pré-tratamento associado ao uso do FL-Bond II/Shofu e G4 (Laser + CF): pré-tratamento associado ao uso do Clearfil SE Bond 2/Kuraray Noritake Os dentes avaliados foram os pré-molares de ambas as arcadas. A avaliação foi feita imediatamente após o tratamento e ao longo do tempo, em 3, 6 e 12 meses após a finalização da restauração. Para a avaliação da sensibilidade foi considerado a EVA (Escala Visual Analógica) e para a qualidade da restauração o método do USPHS modificado, considerando a avaliação de perda de retenção, integridade marginal, pigmentação marginal, presença de lesão de cárie em margem de restauração, vitalidade pulpar e sensibilidade pós-operatória. Os dados foram registrados em tabelas de frequência, e os escores transformados em postos para a aplicação do teste ANOVA. A significância estatística foi considerada para valores de p<0,05. Para os resultados da avaliação de sensibilidade houve uma diferença estatística significante da sensibilidade ao longo do tempo (p<0,001), sendo que essa diferença se deu a partir da avaliação T1 (48 horas) em todos os grupos. Em relação aos critérios avaliados no USPHS, foram encontrados variações estatísticas em alguns tópicos: Pigmentação marginal - G1 (FL) (p=0,041) e G2 ( Laser + FL) (p=0,009) e Integridade marginal G1(FL)( p=0,036). Os demais grupos e critérios não apresentaram variações estatísticas significantes.Pré-tratamentos com laser Er:YAG podem ser uma alternativa viável em restaurações adesivas do tipo classe V; no entanto, nenhum efeito sinérgico de ambos os tratamentos combinados foi observado.

The objective of this clinical, controlled, randomized, blinded and prospective study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of restorations in non-carious lesions (Class V cavities) performed on dental surfaces pre-treated or not with Er:YAG laser and using two adhesive systems self-conditioning. This study was carried out with a total of 91 lesions and divided into 4 groups (n = 23) :G1(FL): No pre-treatment and using the FL-Bond II/Shofu adhesive; G2 (CF): without pre-treatment and using Clearfil SE Bond 2/Kuraray Noritake adhesive; G3 (Laser + FL): pre-treatment associated with the use of FL-Bond II/Shofu and G4 (Laser + CF): pre-treatment associated with the use of Clearfil SE Bond 2/Kuraray Noritake The teeth evaluated were the premolars of both arcades. Assessment was performed immediately after treatment and over time, at 3, 6, and 12 months after completion of the restoration. The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was used for the sensitivity assessment and the modified USPHS method for the quality of the restoration, considering the assessment of loss of retention, marginal integrity, marginal pigmentation, presence of caries in the restoration margin. , pulp vitality and postoperative sensitivity. Data were recorded in frequency tables, and the scores were transformed into ranks for the application of the ANOVA test. Statistical significance was considered for values of p<0.05. For the results of the sensitivity evaluation, there was a statistically significant difference in sensitivity over time (p<0.001), and this difference occurred from the T1 evaluation (48 hours) in all groups. Regarding the criteria evaluated at the USPHS, statistical variations were found in some topics: Marginal pigmentation - G1 (FL) (p=0.041) and G2 (Laser + FL) (p=0.009) and Marginal integrity - G1(FL)( p =0.036). The other groups and criteria did not present significant statistical variations. Pretreatments with Er:YAG laser can be a viable alternative in class V adhesive restorations; however, no synergistic effect of both treatments combined was observed.

The effect of storage temperature and application temperature on the properties of adhesives and resin composites / 口腔疾病防治

@#The properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites are closely related to the repair of dental defects. Therefore, improving the properties of adhesives and resins composite to increase the success rate of filling has been the focus of research in the field of prosthodontics in recent years. Current studies have confirmed that temperature can change the properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites, affecting their repair effect. A proper storage temperature ensures the good performance of materials: the self-etching adhesive system should be refrigerated, and the light-cured resin composite should be refrigerated or stored at room temperature according to its composition, proportion and other properties; however, the appropriate storage temperature for the etch-and-rinse adhesive system is not clear. The appropriate application temperature could improve the fluidity, monomer conversion, bonding strength, compressive strength and other properties of the materials to improve the quality of filling restoration. However, there is a wide variety of adhesives and resin composites, and the effect of temperature on each material is different. Thus, it is still necessary to explore the temperature range for material storage, precooling and preheating. Few studies have been performed in vivo, and the clinical restorative effects of adhesives and resin composites stored and used at different temperatures need to be further studied.

Polifluoruro de amonio como alternativa de acondicionamiento para laminados ultradelgados de disilicato de litio. Reporte de caso / Ammonium polyfluoride as an alternative for the surface conditioning of ultrathin lithium disilicate veneers. A case report

RESUMEN: Los laminados vitrocerámicos ultradelgados constituyen una alternativa conservadora para la resolución de alteraciones estéticas. Sin embargo, su acondicionamiento con ácido fluorhídrico suele no estar exento de complicaciones, por lo que el uso de un sistema autograbante en base a polifluoruro de amonio (Monobond Etch&Prime, MEP) permite disminuir el riesgo de sobregrabado, simplificando la técnica. El presente reporte presenta el seguimiento a dieciocho meses de un caso clínico resuelto mediante laminados vitrocerámicos acondicionados únicamente con MEP. Caso. Paciente joven con alteraciones estéticas en el sector anterosuperior. Se realizaron preparaciones conservadoras para la confección de laminados ultradelgados en disilicato de litio (e.maxPress). Las vitrocerámicas fueron acondicionadas sólo con MEP y se cementaron con Variolink Esthetic LC. Al año y medio las restauraciones se observaron indemnes, manteniendo un buen ajuste marginal y ausencia de tinciones. Conclusiones. MEP aparece como una alternativa prometedora para reemplazar al ácido fluorhídrico en la cementación de laminados vitrocerámicos.

ABSTRACT: Ultrathin glass-ceramic veneers are a conservative approach for the restorative treatment of aesthetic disorders in the anterior region. However, surface conditioning with hydrofluoric acid of the thin structures can be usually a challenging step. Therefore, the use of a self-etching ceramic primer containing ammonium polyfluoride (Monobond Etch&Prime, MEP) offers a simplified technique with a reduced risk of overetching. Here we present an 18-month follow-up of ultrathin glass-ceramic veneers conditioned with MEP only. Case. Young female patient with an aesthetic disorder in the front region. The four upper incisors were conservatively prepared for ultrathin lithium disilicate (e.maxPress) veneers. Pre-treatment of the glass-ceramics consisted only of MEP application, followed by adhesive cementation with Variolink Esthetic LC. At the 1.5-year recall, the restorations appeared undamaged, with no marginal gap or staining. Conclusions. MEP constitutes a promising alternative to hydrofluoric acid for the adhesive cementation of glass-ceramic veneers.

Research progress on tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride as a substitute for hydrofluoric acid used for porcelain surface treatment / 口腔疾病防治

@#Hydrofluoric acid is a common surface treatment agent for glass ceramic restorations before bonding. However, the use of hydrofluoric acid has a high safety risk, so the search for hydrofluoric acid substitutes has been a research hotspot. Tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride is a kind of fluoride, whose chemical activity is lower than that of hydrofluoric acid, so it’s safer, and the surface morphology changes on glass ceramics caused by it are smaller and more superficial. At present, the vast majority of laboratory studies and clinical case reports indicate that the mechanical strength and bonding strength of glass ceramics treated with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride can meet the clinical requirements. In the future, according to the research results, the performance of porcelain surface treatment agents containing tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride can be further improved, and more hydrofluoric acid substitutes may be developed. In this review, the research progress of tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride as a substitute for hydrofluoric acid is reviewed in terms of the influence of the surface morphology, mechanical strength, and bonding strength of glass ceramics.

Effect of erosive challenge and cigarette smoke on dentin microhardness, surface morphology and bond strength / Efeito de desafios erosivos e fumaça de cigarro na microdureza, morfologia de superfície e resistência de união à dentina

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the surface microhardness and morphology, as well as the microshear bond strength of a self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE, Kuraray) to eroded dentin, exposed or not to cigarette smoke. Forty dental crowns were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): no treatment (control) (C); erosion (E); erosion + cigarette smoke exposure (ES); cigarette smoke exposure (S). Samples were prepared through third molars polishing until dentin exposure, followed by crown section. Erosive cycles were performed 5 times/day for 30 s at 60 min intervals. Cigarette smoke was produced with twenty cigarettes/day, during 5 days. Microhardness was evaluated initially and after the treatments. Microshear bond strength was tested after the treatments and dentin restoration with flow composite. Failure patterns and dentin morphology was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microshear bond strength data was submitted to two-way ANOVA, microharness test was adjusted by gamma distribution to be a non-parametric analyses (p=0.05), and surface morphology as qualitative analyses. Loss percentage of microhardness was observed only in groups submitted to erosion. Bond strength was statistically similar between all groups. The most prevalent failure pattern was of adhesive type. Morphological analysis of dentin showed obliterated tubules in groups submitted to cigarette smoke exposure. Cigarette smoke exposure did not promote any effect in the percentage of microhardness loss, as in sound dentin as in eroded dentin. Cigarette smoke, erosion, and association of both, did not alter the bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a microdureza (% perda de dureza) e morfologia de superfície (MS), assim como a resistência de união (RU) de um adesivo autocondicionante (Clearfil SE, Kuraray) à uma dentina erodida, exposta ou não à fumaça de cigarro. Material e Métodos: Quarenta coroas dentais de terceiros molares foram seccionadas da raiz e polidas até a exposição dentinária, sendo aleatoriamente divididas em 4 grupos (n=10): sem tratamento (controle), erosão (E), erosão+ exposição a fumaça de cigarro (ES); exposição a fumaça de cigarro (S).O ciclo erosivo foi realizado 5 vezes/dia por 30s, com 60 minutos de intervalo entre eles. Os grupos ES e S foram exposto à fumaça de cigarro produzida por 20 cigarros/dia, durante 5 dias. A avaliação da microdureza foi realizada antes e após os tratamentos, enquanto a resistência da união por microcisalhamento foi realizada após os tratamentos Os padrões de fratura representativos e a MS dentinária foram avaliados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados de RU foram analisados por ANOVA dois fatores, enquanto a análise de microdureza foi ajustada por distribuição gama por ser uma análise não-paramétrica (p=0.05). A MS foi analisada qualitativamente. Resultados: Os grupos expostos aos ciclos erosivos (E e ES) apresentaram % de perda de dureza significativamente menor que os grupos não expostos (Controle e S. aos ciclos erosivos (E e ES). Para RU, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. O padrão de fratura mais observado foi do tipo adesivo, e através das imagens obtidas por MEV, observou-se a obliteração de túbulos dentinários no grupo exposto à fumaça de cigarro, enquanto os grupos submetidos aos ciclos erosivos (E e ES) apresentaram maior exposição e diâmetro de túbulos dentinários. Conclusão: A exposição à fumaça de cigarro não promove nenhum efeito quanto a perda de porcentagem de dureza dentinária, assim como em dentina erodida e saudável. A fumaça de cigarro, o processo erosivo, e a associação de ambos, não altera a resistência da união de adesivos autocondicionantes à dentina. (AU)

Effect of Saliva Decontamination on Bond Strength of 1-step Self-etching Adhesives to Dentin of Primary Posterior Teeth / 대한소아치과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of saliva decontamination procedures on microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of 1-step self-etching adhesives to dentin of primary posterior teeth.63 sound primary-posterior teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different kinds of 1-step self-etching adhesives: Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive (SBU), All-Bond Universal® (ABU), and Tetric® N Bond Universal (TBU). Each group was randomly categorized into 7 subgroups: (I) application of adhesive without saliva contamination (control); (II – IV) contamination by saliva before photopolymerization; (V – VII) contamination by saliva after photopolymerization; (II, V) decontamination by drying; (III, VI) decontamination by washing and drying; (IV, VII) decontamination by washing, drying, and reapplication of adhesive. All samples were cut into the blocks. At least 15 blocks were tested for each subgroup.For SBU and ABU, the MTBS values of subgroups (I, IV, VII) were significantly higher than those of subgroups (II, III, V, VI). For TBU, the MTBS values of subgroups (I, IV) was significantly higher than those of subgroup (II, III, V, VI).The MTBS of 3 adhesives was reduced by saliva contamination. The adhesive strength on dentin of primary posterior teeth was restored by reapplication of the adhesives after washing and drying.

Effects of Saliva Contamination on Shear Bond Strength with Conventional, Moisture Insensitive, and Self-Etching Primers / 대한소아치과학회지

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of orthodontic bracket with Conventional primer (CP), Moisture insensitive primer (MIP), and Self-etching primer (SEP). In addition, the effect and the timing of saliva contamination on shear bond strength was evaluated.A total of 135 bovine mandibular incisors were used in the study and divided into 3 groups. Group I, II and III were used CP, MIP, SEP, respectively. Each group was then divided into three subgroups: the group without saliva contamination, the group with primer application after saliva contamination, and the group with saliva contamination after primer application. After the primer application, the metal bracket for the lower incisor was attached and the shear bond strength was measured.The mean shear bond strengths was highest with CP and lowest with SEP in dry condition. However, CP showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength in the presence of saliva contamination. MIP and SEP showed no significant decrease in shear bond strength with saliva contamination.

The effect of adhesive with different unsealing time on the microleakage of adhesive interface / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of self-etching adhesive with different unsealing time on the microleakage of the adhesive interface between tooth and resin. Methods: Unopened self-etching adhesives, Scotchbond Universal (S) and Xeno V+ (X) were respectively used to adhere Z350 resin for restoration of the prepared occlusal cavities sized 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm (n = 40) . The methylene blue staining method was used to observe the microleakage of the adhesive interface between the tooth and filling material at the instant moment, 1, 2 and 3 months after the self-etching adhesives was opened (n = 10) . Results: (1) Increase of microleakage in S group was found with the time span after unsealing, and there was a statistical difference between the instant moment and 3 months after unsealing (P＜0. 05) . (2) There was no significant difference at the 4 test time points in X group (P＞0. 05), although the microleakage value of the samples were increased with the increase of the time after unsealing. (3) The microleakage of X group was greater than that of S group at the instant moment and 1 month after unsealing (P＜0. 05) . Conclusion: Unsealing time may increase the microleakage of the adhesive interface between the tooth and the filling material, the effect varies with the types of the adhesives.

Medición de la capa híbrida resultante del uso de cementos autograbadores de un paso y dos pasos / Hybrid layer measurement after using one-step and two-step self-etching cements

Antecedentes: La formación de la capa híbrida debe ser proporcional a la capacidad de los cementos para retener con éxito postes de fibra de vidrio en el interior del conducto preparado endodónticamente. Objetivo: Medir el espesor de la capa híbrida en los tercios coronal y apical as usar cementos autograbadores de uno y dos pasos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental con 30 premolares humanos que se trataron endodónticamente y se asignaron a tres grupos. Se cementaron postes de fibra de vidrio con tres cementos siguiendo las instrucciones de los fabricantes. Se realizaron cortes coronales y apicales y se cuantificó el grosor de la capa híbrida por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los datos se analizaron con las pruebas estadísticas H de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: El promedio del grosor de la capa híbrida fue de 0,74 mm con Multilink N® (grupo 1), 0,24 mm con RelyX Ultimate® (grupo 2) y 0,03 mm con RelyX U200® (grupo 3) (p = 0,0092). Los promedios en los tercios coronal y apical fueron: 1,29 mm y 0,19 mm para el grupo 1; 0,33 mm y 0,14 mm para el grupo 2 y 0,26 mm y 0,23 mm para el grupo 3, diferencias que fueron estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,043). Conclusiones: El espesor de la capa híbrida formada con el uso de los cementos de dos pasos fue mayor que con el cemento de un solo paso, especialmente en la porción coronal.

Background: Hybrid layer formation should be proportional to cement properties to successfully retain fiberglass posts into root canals. Purpose: To measure of hybrid layer thickness in coronal and apical thirds after using one-step and two-step self-etching cements. Methods: This experimental study used 30 human premolars with root-canal treatments, which were assigned into three groups. Fiberglass posts were cemented with three types of self-etching cements following manufacturers' instructions. Roots were cut in the coronal and apical thirds and hybrid layer thickness was quantified through scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results: Average thickness of the hybrid layer was 0.74 µm with Multilink N™ (group 1), 0.24 µm with RelyX Ultimate™ (group 2), and 0.03 µm with RelyX U200™ (group 3) (p = 0.0092). Average thickness in coronal and apical thirds were: 1.29 µm and 0.19 µm for group 1; 0.33 µm and 0.14 µm for group 2; and 0.26 µm and 0.23 µm for group 3, differences that were statistically significant (p = 0.043). Conclusions: The thickness of the hybrid layer formed after suing two-step cements was greater than that of one-step cement, especially in the tooth coronal third.

Resistencia al cizallamiento utilizando adhesivo de grabado total y autograbante con y sin hipoclorito de sodio en dentina / Shear strength using total and self etching adhesive with and without sodium hypochlorite in dentin

Es un estudio de investigación cuantitativo donde el objetivo fue determinar la resistencia al cizallamiento utilizando adhesivo de grabado total y autograbante, introduciendo la desproteinización con NaOCl al 5.25 por ciento en dentina y comparar sus valores de resistencia. El estudio se realizó en 31 molares seccionados mesiodistalmente y vestibulo lingual, obteniendo 124 especímenes, se suspendieron en acrílico, pulieron y colocaron en refrigeración a 36 oC durante 48 horas; fueron clasificados en grupos A: Prime & Bond NT, B: NaOCl + Prime & Bond NT, C: NaOCl + Xeno® IV y D: Xeno® IV; se fotoactivó un cilindro de resina compuesta ESTHET-X HD de Dentsply, se mantuvo por 24 horas en horno Felisa con 100 por ciento de humedad, finalmente se probaron en la máquina INSTRON a una velocidad de 1 m/min. Se obtuvieron los siguientes promedios, grupos: A: 6.26, B: 7.71, C: 12.03 y D: 15.06 MPa. Para el grupo C y D que pertenecen al grupo autograbante, fueron estadísticamente significativos para el sustrato dentinal. NaOCl no mostró significancia entre los grupos.

It is a quantitative research where the objective was to determinethe shear strength using total and self etching adhesive, introducing de proteinization with 5.25% NaOCl in dentin and comparing its resistance values. The study was performed on 31 mesiodistally andbuccololingual sectioned molars, obtaining 124 specimens, suspended in acrylic, polished and placed in refrigeration at 36 oC for 48 hours;Were classified into groups A: Prime & Bond NT, B: NaOCl + Prime& Bond NT, C: NaOCl + Xeno® IV and D: Xeno® IV; A: DentsplyESTHET-X HD composite resin cylinder was photoactivated, kept for24 hours in a Felisa oven with 100% humidity, finally tested on theINSTRON machine at a speed of 1 mm/min. The following averageswere obtained, groups: A: 6.26, B: 7.71, C: 12.03 and D: 15.06 MPa.For group C and D belonging to the self-etching group, they werestatistically significant for the dentinal substrate. NaOCl, showed nosignificance between the groups.

The antibacterial activity and release of quaternary ammonium compounds in an orthodontic primer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 10 wt% benzalkonium chloride (TBBAC) or 10 wt% cetylpyridinium chloride (TBCPC) on the antimicrobial properties of the orthodontic adhesive primer, Transbond XT™ (TB). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a zone of inhibition diffusion test and the release of the antimicrobial compounds was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using bovine enamel. Control, TB, specimens failed to demonstrate intrinsic antibacterial activity at 1, 7 and 14 days; whereas, TBBAC and TBCPC showed antibacterial effects at all times. HPLC analysis indicated no significant differences in the release behaviour of TBBAC and TBCPC (ttest, p > 0.05), except for the 7day release which was higher for TBBAC (p < 0.05). By 14 days the extents of release were 27 ± 2% and 25 ± 5% of the total initial loading for TBBAC and TBCPC, respectively. The incorporation of 10 wt% BAC or CPC in Transbond XT™ adhesive primer also resulted in superior shear bond strength at 7 and 14 days (Fisher's LSD, p < 0.05) with no significant change in the mode of bracket failure under shear stress (Pearson's chisquared, p > 0.05) (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del cloruro de benzalconio al 10% en peso del peso (TBBAC) o de cloruro de cetilpiridinio al 10% del peso (TBCPC) con propiedades antimicrobianas presentes en el adhesivo acondicionador ortodóncico, Transbond XT ™ (TB). La actividad antimi crobiana se evaluó usando una zona de prueba de difusión de inhibición y la liberación de los compuestos antimicrobianos se controló mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La resistencia de adhesión al corte (SBS) se probó usando esmalte bovino. Las muestras control, TB no lograron demostrar actividad antibacteriana intrínseca a 1, 7 y 14 días; mientras que TBBAC y TBCPC mostraron efectos antibac terianos en todo momento. El análisis por HPLC no indicó diferencias significativas en el comportamiento de liberación de TBBAC y TBCPC (prueba t, p> 0,05), excepto en la liberación a los 7 días que fue más alta para TBBAC (p <0,05). A los 14 días, los grados de liberación fueron de 27 ± 2% y de 25 ± 5% de la carga inicial total para TBBAC y TBCPC, respectivamente. La incorpora ción de 10% en peso de BAC o CPC en el imprimador adhesivo Transbond XT ™ también dio como resultado una resistencia superior corte a los 7 y 14 días (Fisher's LSD, p <0.05) sin cambios significativos en el modo de falla del bracket bajo tensión de corte (Pearson's chicuadrado, p> 0.05) (AU)

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin and autogenous bone graft for the treatment of infrabony defects in chronic periodontitis: Clinical, radiological, and surgical reentry.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pre-etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded using self-etching primer (SEP). Materials and Methods: Two hundred freshly extracted human premolars were divided randomly into two groups based on pre-etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid: Group 1 (control, n = 50) without pre-etching and Group 2 (experimental, n = 150) with pre-etching. Group 2 was further divided into three sub groups 2a, 2b, and 2c with 50 teeth each and was first pre-etched with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 10, 30, and 60 s, respectively. Brackets were bonded on the teeth in both the groups using SEP and light cure adhesive. The SBS were determined using universal testing machine. The comparison of SBS was done using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test. Results: The SBS of experimental Group 2 was significantly higher than the control Group 1 (p < 0.0001). Further, the SBS of Group 2a was highest, followed by Group 2b and 2c (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: It was found that pre-etching for 10 s prior to application of SEP-adhesive system increases the SBS of orthodontic brackets.

Comparison of shear bond strength of self‑etching fluoride releasing adhesives with and without pumice prophylaxis.

Context: Despite the advances in orthodontic material and treatment mechanics, the placement of fixed appliances increases the risk of enamel demineralization. The development of fluoride release adhesives has attracted considerable interests because the combined use of antimicrobials and fluoride enhances the cariostatic effect. Aim: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of fluoride release adhesives with established orthodontic adhesives and assess failure mode using adhesive remnant index (ARI). Settings and Design: The present study included 80 maxillary premolars which were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) and were further subdivided into two subgroups A ‑ Pumice prophylaxis (PP) and subgroup B ‑ No PP (n = 10). Materials and Methods: Stainless steel brackets were bonded with Transbond XT, Transbond plus (TP) color change adhesive, Light Bond, and Clearfil protect bond. After debonding, the ARI was used to assess the mode of bracket failure. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using two‑way analysis of variance, Post‑hoc Tukey Honest significant differences test, and Chi‑square test. Results: The mean SBS of Group 4 was comparably higher regardless of PP. Brackets bonded with TP showed a comparable SBS to conventional Transbond XT. The ARI scores were predominately 2. Conclusions: Fluoride releasing adhesives combined with antibacterial monomer can play a vital role in reducing white spot lesions by enhancing the cariostatic effect especially in noncompliant\medically compromised patients.

Study of the self life of three kinds of experimental dentin self-etching primers / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of storage period of three experimental dentin self-etching primers on the shear bond strength.Methods:Three experimental primers with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)or N-methacryloyl glycine (NMGly)as a hydrophilic monomer and 1 0-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate(MDP)or N-methacryloyl-2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (NMEP) as an acid monomer,were designed.Immediately after preparation of the samples of MDP-HEMA,MDP-NMGly and NMEP-NMGly, the primers were stored at 40 ℃for 0,6 and 1 4 weeks.At the end of each storage period,the shear bond strength of resin to dentin(n=1 4)and the pH value of the primers were measured.Results:After storage at 40 ℃ for 1 4 weeks,the shear bond strength of MDP-HEMA decreased from (1 7.61 ±1 .56)MPa to (7.53 ±1 .76)MPa;however the bond strenth of MDP-NMGly and NMEP-NMGly did not decrease;most of the specimens of MDP-HEMA and MDP-NMGly exhibited an interfacial failure of the resin from the dentin sur-face;however NMEP-NMGly exhibited a cohesional failure of the dentin and/or resin.The SEMimages showed a separation of resin and dentin of MDP-HEMA and MDP-NMGly had storaged at 40 ℃for 1 4 weeks;while the interface of NMEP-NMGly did not change.Con-clusion:The NMEP-NMGly primer has noticeably higher hydrolytic stability than the MDP-HEMA and MDP-NMGly primers.

The effects of gingival retraction in the restoration of subgingival non-carious cervical lesions / 实用口腔医学杂志

120 teeth with wedge-shaped defects at subgingival depth of 0 ~2 mm were selected and divided into 3 groups(n =40).Gingival retraction code and EXPASYL gingival retraction paste were used for gingival retraction in the 2 retraction groups,and none retraction was used in the control group.After restoration of the defects,all cases were followed up for 1 year and 2 years.The results were evaluated by modified USPHS criteria.No significant difference was detected for 1 year and 2 year successful rates between the extraction groups(P >0.05).The successful rate in extraction groups was higher than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).

Antibacterial effect of self-etching adhesive systems on Streptococcus mutans

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of self-etching adhesive systems against Streptococcus mutans using the agar diffusion method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three 2-step systems, Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray), Contax (CT, DMG), and Unifil Bond (UnB, GC), and three 1-step systems, Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), U-Bond (UB, Vericom), and All Bond SE (AB, BISCO) were used. 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX, Bukwang) and 37% phosphoric acid gel (PA, Vericom) were used as positive controls. RESULTS: The antibacterial activity of CHX and PA was stronger than that of the other groups, except SE. After light activation, the inhibition zone was reduced in the case of all 2-step systems except CT. However, all 1-step systems did not exhibit any inhibition zone upon the light activation. CONCLUSIONS: SE may be better than CT or UnB among the 2-step systems with respect to antibacterial activity, however, 1-step systems do not exhibit any antibacterial activity after light curing.

Influence of dentin abrasion methods on the bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems / Influência de métodos de abrasão da dentina na resistência de união de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of two self-etching adhesive systems with different types of dentin abrasion. Methods: Thirty two sound human molars were selected and had the dentin surface exposed and flattened. Tooth were randomly divided into four experimental conditions, according with the adhesive system [Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and One-Up Bond F(ONE)] and the type of dentin abrasion [conventional diamond bur (D) and ultrasound diamond bur (CVD)]. The adhesives were applied following manufactures’ instructions and light cured composite blocks of 4mm height were placed over dentin. After storage in distilled water for 24 h in 37 ºC, serial cuts were made on mesio-distal and buccal-lingual direction, obtaining specimens with stick format, with cross section of 8mm². The microtensile test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and load cell of 10kg, until failure. Data were submitted to ANOVA-2-Way followed by Tukey test (5%). Results: The results (MPa) were: D/ SE: 24.06 ± 8.84, D/ONE:15.03 ± 8.61, CVD/SE: 39.90 ± 8.24 and CVD/ONE:15.03 ±8.61. It can be concluded that the adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond showed higher bond strength related with the abrasion with CVD; the type of dentin abrasion interfered on the performance of Clearfil SE Bond but did not influence the One-Up Bond F results

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a resistência de união de dois sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes com diferentes métodos de preparo da dentina. Métodos: Foram utilizados 32 molares humanos hígidos extraídos, sendo que a superfície dentinária oclusal foi exposta e planificada. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos em quatro diferentes condições experimentais de acordo com o sistema adesivo: Clearfil SE Bond (SE) ou One- Up Bond F (ONE) e com o método de preparo da dentina: ponta diamantada em alta rotação (D) ou ponta diamantada em ultra-som (CVD). Os adesivos foram aplicados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante e foram confeccionados blocos de 5mm de altura de resina composta fotopolimerizável, pela técnica incremental. Após estocagem em água destilada por 24 h a 37 ºC, foram realizadas secções seriadas no sentido mésio-distal e vestíbulo-lingual, obtendo-se espécimes em forma de palitos, com secção transversal de aproximadamente 0.8 mm2. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de microtração com velocidade de 0.5mm/min e célula de carga de 10kg. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: Os resultados (MPa) foram: D/SE: 24,06 ± 8,84, D/ONE: 15,03 ± 8,61, CVD/SE: 39,90 ± 8,24 e CVD/ONE:15,03 ± 8,61. Concluiu-se que o sistema adesivo Clearfil SE Bond apresentou superioridade significativa de resistência de união em relação ao preparo com ponta CVD; o método de preparo da dentina interferiu no desempenho do Clearfil SE Bond e não influenciou o desempenho do One-Up Bond F

Nano-resin and self-etching adhesive for bonding repair of anterior tooth defects with vital pulp:A 2-year follow-up / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Compared with the conventional composite resin, the 3M Z350 nano-resin has good wear resistance, physical mechanical properties, and polishing, and exerts a lower irritation to the dental pulp. Besides fil ing materials, a reliable tooth-prosthesis bonding interface is necessary for resin bonded repairs. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of self-etch bonding Adper Easy One and total-etch bonding Single Bond 2 on nano-resin bonding restoration of the anterior teeth. METHODS:120 anterior teeth with vital pulp, which had defects at the incisal ends and were to be restored with nano resins, were divided into two groups randomly. Two kinds of adhesives, self-etch adhesive and total-etch adhesive, combined with nano-resin were used to restore the teeth. The patients were re-examined immediately, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment. The fil ings, teeth and pulps of patients were examined, including whether the prosthesis and tooth color were coordinated, whether the gap between the prosthesis and the teeth were sealed, whether the surface of the prosthesis was intact with no loose, whether the prosthesis and teeth had no staining and secondary caries, whether the condition of the tooth pulp had hot or cold stimulation-induced pain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in the fil ing effects was found between the two groups when the patients were re-examined immediately, 6 months and 1 year after the treatment (P>0.05). The pulp lesions of the self-etching group were fewer than those of the total-etch group 2 years after the treatment (Pincomplete restoration and secondary caries, respectively. No statistical y significant differences were found in these four aspects between the two groups (P>0.05). The 2-year fol ow up showed a low incidence of pulp lesions and satisfactory clinical performance after 3M Z350 nano-resin working with self-etching bonding system in the nano-resin fil ing of anterior teeth with vital pulp.

The effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate on the in vitro shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to non-demineralized teeth with either phosphoric acid etching or self-etching primer. METHODS: Sixty human premolars were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 15 each): phosphoric acid etching (group 1); self-etching primer (group 2); CPP-ACP for 2 weeks + phosphoric acid etching (group 3), and CPP-ACP for 2 weeks + self-etching primer (group 4). After bonding of the maxillary premolar metal brackets, specimens were subjected to shear forces in a testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe etching patterns on the enamel surfaces of all teeth. A 2-way analysis of variance was used to test for effects of CPP-ACP and etching system on SBS. RESULTS: Significantly higher mean SBSs were observed in groups subjected to phosphoric acid etching (i.e., groups 1 and 3; p 0.05). We observed a uniform and clear etched pattern on the enamel surface of the phosphoric acid etching groups. CONCLUSIONS: CPP-ACP does not significantly affect the SBS of orthodontic brackets bonded to non-demineralized teeth, regardless of which adhesive method is used to bond the brackets.