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Background: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem in our country causing around 300,000 episodes and around 2000 deaths per year. Attempted suicide among adult females are a major public health problem. The number of self-poisoning in females are increasing in our country day by day. The incidence, nature, etiology, age group affected and the outcome of self-poisoning in females of our country is different from that of the western world. Objective: The objective of the study was to analysis the socio-demographic profile & pattern of deliberate self-poisoning among adult females admitted in the Medicine Department, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016. 100 admitted female participants were enrolled in this study as study population. A purposive sampling method was applied for sampling from study population. Results: The age of the participants were from 18 to 55 years with the mean age of 28.19 (± 9.84) years. Most number of the participants were in 21-29 year’s age group (42%) followed by ?20 year’s (29%). House wife (30%) was the most common occupation followed by student (25%). Most of the participants were from lower economic class (51%), followed by middle class (41%). 48% participants were in primary level, 24% in secondary level and 22% were illiterate. Most of the participants were married (51%), followed by unmarried (35%), divorced (9%) and widow (5%). 62% participants from rural and 38% from urban area. 75% were Muslim and 25% were Hindu. 55% were from the joint family and 45% were from the nuclear family. Most of the self-poisoning occurred between 6 am to 12 pm (42%), followed by 6 pm to 12 am (30%), 12 pm to 6 pm (20%) and 12 am to 6 am (8%). Insecticide was the most common poison materials (43%), followed by drug ingestion (30%), household detergent (13%), rodenticide (6%) and others (8%). Maximum participants reported the reason for self-poisoning was family disharmony (35%) followed by romantic disappointment (27%). 17% participants reported previous suicidal attempt and 11% had previous psychiatric disorder. Nearly half of the participants (43%) sought medical care within 2 hours and one fourth participants (31%) within 4 hours. About two-thirds of the participants (66%) received primary medical care from different govt. hospitals. Most of the female participants with self-poisoning were recovered completely (71%), while 20% participants recovered with complications and 9% participants died. In the study, fatality rate was found 33.3% in rodenticide and 16.3% in insecticide poisoning. Conclusions: As evident from the study, by intervene these problems by various measures might be helpful to prevent many of deliberate self-harm. Early diagnosis and prompt institution of appropriate treatment can make a favorable outcome in deliberate self-poisoning of female participants.
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Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la intoxicación intencionada por plaguicidas en Colombia durante 2007-2017. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico transversal en la población de intoxicados con intención suicida por plaguicidas de Colombia entre 2007 a 2017. Se calcularon prevalencias ajustadas por edad, expresadas por 100 000 personas contadas por sexo. Se realizó un modelo de regresión bivariado, en el cual la condición final se constituyó en la variable de interés (variable y; 0=vivo 1=muerto) y las variables explicativas fueron (variables x): sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, escolaridad y procedencia) y específicas del evento (vía de exposición). Resultados: el comportamiento de los Odds Ratio evidencia que, los hombres tienen un riesgo de fallecer de 1.39 (95 % IC: 1.238-1.567) más veces que las mujeres. Con respecto al régimen de afiliación en salud, las personas no aseguradas tienen un riesgo de fallecer por suicidio de 1.33 más veces con respecto a los que sobreviven (95 % IC: 1.131-1.555). Para la mortalidad por suicidio se identifican los siguientes factores asociados a la supervivencia (intentos de suicidio no consumados): en primer lugar, el área de residencia urbana y, en segundo lugar, los grupos de edad, adolescente y la adultez temprana. Conclusiones: Al analizar la mortalidad por suicidio asociada a la intoxicación por plaguicidas los hombres son identificados y caracterizados como el grupo de mayor riesgo, siguiendo tendencias generales (todos los métodos) similares a estudios realizados a nivel mundial.
Objective: To identify the social factors associated with intentional poisoning by pesticides in Colombia, during the 2007-2017 period. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the population of those intoxicated by pesticides with suicidal intent in Colombia between 2007 and 2017. Age-adjusted prevalences were calculated, expressed per 100,000 people, counted by sex. A bi-variate regression model was carried out, in which the final condition was constituted in the variable of interest (variable y; 0 = alive 1 = dead), and the explanatory variables were (variables x): sociodemographic (sex, age, education and origin) and specific to the event (route of exposure). Results: the behavior of the Odds Ratio shows that men have a risk of dying 1,393 (95% CI: 1,238-1,567) more times than women. Regarding the health affiliation scheme, uninsured people have a risk of dying by suicide 1.33 times more than those who survive (95% CI: 1.131-1.555). For mortality due to suicide, the following factors associated with survival (unsuccessful suicide attempts) are identified: firstly, the urban residence area and secondly, age groups: adolescents and early adulthood. Conclusions: When analyzing suicide mortality associated with pesticide poisoning, men are identified and characterized as the highest risk group, following general trends (all methods) similar to studies carried out worldwide.
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Background: In developing countries, the substances most commonly used for self-poisoning are agricultural pesticides including rodenticides. Authors aimed to assess the clinical status and outcomes of patients with rodenticide poisoning in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This retrospective record-based study was carried over three years. Apart from demographic details, information regarding the time of ingestion, nature and amount of the compound. Other details included clinical features, complications, treatment and outcome of the patient. Descriptive analysis was carried out by the mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency and proportion for categorical variables.Results: Of the 120 study subjects, 85 (93.40%) participants self-harmed, 2 (2.20%) were homicidal, and 4 (4.40%) had accidentally consumed the rodenticide. About 52 (32.70%) participants had vomiting, 34 (21.38%) had giddiness, 32 (20.13%) participants had abdominal pain. On the whole, 85 (73.28%) participants recovered, 23 (19.83%) participants had absconded, 6 (5.17%) participants had referred and 2 (1.72%) of them expired.Conclusions: Phosphorous compounds, particularly yellow phosphorous are the most lethal rodenticides followed by Coumadin. Symptomatic management of the patients at the earliest possible time is the mainstay, as there are no specific antidotes for any of the compounds.
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Lesões autoprovocadas por autointoxicação intencional por medicamento (AIM) e óbitos por suicídio são passíveis de prevenção e representam grave problema de saúde pública mundial. Este estudo investigou lesões autoprovocadas e suas recorrências por AIM e fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e farmacológicos associados, bem como óbitos por suicídio por AIM e fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e farmacológicos associados. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico e documental. Foi realizado a partir de dados secundários de bancos de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram incluídos no estudo todos os casos registrados de lesões autoprovocadas e os óbitos por suicídio de pessoas acima de nove anos de idade, no período de 1º de julho de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2017, em todos os municípios do estado de Mato Grosso. Para análise dos dados foram elaborados modelos de regressão logística com efeitos aleatórios, pertencentes à classe dos modelos Generalized Estimating Equations, utilizando-se o software Statistical Analysis System 9.2. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Constatou-se que, no período em estudo, foram notificadas 1.507 lesões autoprovocadas, sendo 27,34% delas por AIM, com destaque para utilização de medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. O modelo de regressão logística constatou maior chance de lesão autoprovocada por AIM entre pessoas com idade de 10 a 19 anos e de 20 a 59 anos, quando comparadas àquelas com mais de 60 anos, mulheres comparadas aos homens, de raça branca em relação às de outras raças, ocorrência em zona urbana comparada a não urbana e ocorrência em residência comparada a outros locais. Observou-se menor chance de lesão autoprovocada por AIM entre pessoas com suspeita de uso de álcool quando comparadas àquelas sem tal suspeita. Das 381 pessoas com lesões autoprovocadas por AIM na primeira notificação, nove pessoas tiveram mais de uma lesão autoprovocada por esse método, com destaque para utilização de medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. No modelo de regressão logística para analisar os fatores associados às recorrências de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, nenhuma das variáveis contribuiu significativamente. Dos 412 casos de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, 13 pessoas foram a óbito por suicídio por AIM. Em 11 desses casos não havia informações sobre o medicamento e em dois casos foram utilizados medicamentos que atuam no Sistema Nervoso. No modelo de regressão logística, para analisar os fatores associados aos óbitos por suicídio por AIM, houve menor chance de óbito por suicídio por AIM entre pessoas com idade de 10 a 19 anos e de 20 a 59 anos, quando comparadas àquelas com mais de 60 anos. Os achados deste estudo fornecem importantes subsídios para estratégias direcionadas à prevenção do suicídio e de lesões autoprovocadas por AIM, bem como para a qualificação da assistência de enfermagem
Self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning and suicide deaths are preventable and represent a serious public health problem worldwide. This study investigated selfinjuries and their recurrences by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors, as well as suicide deaths by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical and documentary study. It was carried out from secondary databases of the Notification of Injury Information System and Mortality Information System of the Health Secretariat of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study included all registered cases of selfinjuries and suicide deaths of people aged above nine years, from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, in all municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso. For data analysis, logistic regression models with random effects, based on Generalized Estimating Equations models, were developed using the software Statistical Analysis System 9.2. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. It was found that, during the study period, 1,507 self-injuries were reported, of which 27.34% were by intentional drug self-poisoning, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. The logistic regression model found a greater chance of self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years, women compared to men, white category compared to all other race categories, occurrence in urban areas compared to non-urban areas and occurrence at home compared to other places. It was observed a lower chance of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning among people suspected of using alcohol when compared to those without such suspicion. Of the 381 people with self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning in the first notification, nine of them had more than one self-injury by this method, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model to analyze the factors associated with recurrences of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning, none of the variables contributed significantly. Of the 412 cases of self-injury by intentional drug selfpoisoning, 13 people died by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning. In 11 of these cases, there was no information about the drug and, in two cases were used drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model, to analyze the factors associated with death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning, there was a lower chance of death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years old. These findings provide important subsidies for strategies aimed at suicide prevention and self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning, as well as for the qualification of nursing care
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Poisoning/mortality , Suicide/psychology , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Health Information Systems , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Introduction: Self-harm is an important global health concern as it is a strong predictor and risk factor for completed suicide. This paper is aimed to estimate the incidence rate of self-harm and to describe the profiles of people who self-harmed in 2011. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on secondary data retrieved from the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Malaysia hospitals’ discharge records from the 1st of January to 31st of December 2011. Results: The overall self-harm rate was 16.6 per 100 000 population (n = 4 815). Adults in the state of Johor had the highest rate of self-harm. There were more female self-harmers within the peak age group of 20-29 years. Indians, Muslims and those who were unmarried had the highest rates of self-harm. Male mostly used unspecified chemical (45.89%) while female used non-opioid analgesics (24.79%). Conclusions: In 2011, the rate of self-harm was 16.6 per 100 000 population with slightly higher rate observed among adult females compared to males and twice as high among girls than boys. Less lethal methods of self-harm were employed.
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Objective: To observe the demographic characteristics of the patients, substance abused, intention and precipitating factors for self-poisoning presenting to Accident& Emergency department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Patients and Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months from (March 2013 to August 2013).100 patients more than >12years with a definite history of self-poisoning were included. Details regarding patients demographic characteristics e.g. age, sex, maritalstatus, academic status, socioeconomic standing etc. and substance abused for self-poisoning were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. Results: During the study period 100 patients of DSP were included. Of 100 patients 40% (n=40) were male age ranges from (15-50) and 60% (n=60) were female age ranges from (17-50). Mean age of the patients was 23.63±8.370 (mean±SD). Out of hundred patients 57% (F=31, M=26) were uneducated, 56% (F=34, M=22) were unmarried, those who were unmarried had statistically significant relationship with the use of organophosphorous compounds/Rat killer for self-poisoning (p= 0.0281). 85% of the total patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Occupation wise mostly female were household/house wife and male were farmer/labour. (49%) of the studied group used organo-phosphorous containing compound insecticide/pesticides, 29% used Rat killer. 11% of the patients consumed benzodiazepine for self-poisoning.60% of the total patients had suicidal intention, use of organophosphorous compound/Rat killer is significantly associated with the intention to suicide (p=0.0001), 33%of the patients wanted to draw attention and 7% committed DSP to show anger, or to punish themselves because of guilt Table 4. (46%) committed the act of DSP after having conflict with parents other had interpersonal conflicts with husband/wife, girlfriend/boyfriend and close relatives. Conclusion: Use of organophosphorous containing compound/Rat killer are associated with an intention to suicide (p=0.0001) and these are preferred substances used for selfpoisoning among unmarried population (p=0.0281).Demographic characteristics of patients do not vary greatly with relation to their orientation to urban or rural areas as well as choice of substance for self-poisoning were also independent to location (p=1.0000).
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OBJECTIVE: To document the characteristics of self-poisoning suicide attempters who were brought to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) Emergency Room and to outline the type of drug used in the attempt. METHOD: This was a retrospective study conducted over the period 2005-2009. Data were gathered from patients' case records, log books and the hospital records using a questionnaire developed for this study. The questionnaire examined demographics, parameters of the drug ingested, patient's disposition, and reasons for attempt, final outcome and the type of discharge of patients who reported to the UHWI Emergency Room due to a suicide attempt by self-poisoning. RESULTS: Over the five-year period, 127 cases of suicide attempt by self-poisoning were reported. Significantly more females than males presented to the hospital due to self-poisoning (3:1, χ² = 33.37; p < 0.001). Of this amount, 96 cases (75.6%) were females and 31 (24.4%) were males. The age group most recorded was 16-30 years (70.8%). The most common reason for the suicide attempt was an interpersonal conflict (52%). The drug category most often used in self-poisoning was analgesics (52%) with acetaminophens being the most common (26.2%). CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with global suicide trends and indicate an urgent need to develop and implement national preventative and treatment measures for groups known to be at risk of suicidal attempts.
OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente trabajo es, por un lado, documentar las características de personas con ánimo suicida, trasladadas a la Sala de Emergencia del Hospital de West Indies (HUWI), tras el intento de cometer suicidio por envenenamiento, y por otro, describir el tipo de medicamento utilizado en el intento. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo llevado a cabo en el periodo 2005-2009. Se recogieron datos provenientes de las historias clínicas de los pacientes, los diarios, y los archivos del hospital, usando un cuestionario desarrollado específicamente para este estudio. El cuestionario examinó los datos demográficos, los parámetros del medicamento ingerido, la disposición del paciente, y las razones del intento, así como la evolución clínica y el tipo de alta de los pacientes reportados en la Sala de Emergencias del HUWI, debido a un intento suicida por envenenamiento. RESULTADOS: En el periodo de cinco años, se reportaron 127 casos de intento de suicidio por envenenamiento. Significativamente más hembras que varones se presentaron al hospital debido a envenenamiento (3:1, χ² = 33.37; p < 0.001). De este número, 96 casos (75.6%) fueron hembras y 31 (24.4%) fueron varones. El grupo etario más registrado fue el de 16-30 años (70.8%). La razón más común para la tentativa de suicidio fue un conflicto interpersonal (52%). La categoría de medicamentos usada más a menudo para el envenenamiento fue la de los analgésico (52%), siendo el acetaminofén el más común (26.2%). CONCLUSIÓN: Estos hallazgos se corresponden con las tendencias mundiales al suicidio y apuntan a una urgente necesidad de desarrollar e implementar medidas nacionales para la prevención y el tratamiento para grupos conocidos por hallarse en riego de intentos suicidas.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Poisoning , Suicide, Attempted , Age Factors , Analgesics/poisoning , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals, University , Jamaica , Poisoning/psychology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Suicide, Attempted/psychologyABSTRACT
A twelve year retrospective review of poisoning fatalities was undertaken in the tertiary care referral hospital of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, South India. Of the 1917 cases of forensic autopsies conducted, 372 cases (79.4%) were due to poisoning deaths. There was an increasing trend observed in the number of poisoning deaths from the period 1993-94 to 1999-2000, followed by a declining trend during 2003-04. Ninety two percent of the fatalities were due to self-poisoning, with 77% due to pesticide consumption. Majority of the cases occurred in the rural areas during winter season. Many of the decedents were men (73.1%) in their 3rd decade of life. Suggestions are being offered on the basis of this study for the control of pesticide poisoning.
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The present prospective study 01'56 cases of Aluminium Phosphide (ALP) poisoning in Govt. Medical Collage Hospital Jammu, found out the prevalence of Deliberate self-poisoning self (DSP and accidental ingestion in young population in age group of 16-30 years. Male-female ratio was 1.03: 1.00; having marital discord and family quarrels as prominent predisposing factors. The majority of patients had gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms (73.2%), cardiac arrthymias (62.5%) and shock (53.3%). The commonest clectrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were tachycardia (96%), atrial fibrillation (58%) and venticular-ectopic (VE) beats (59%). The management was supportive in the form of stomach wash, intraravenous (I/V) fluids, dopamine, hydrocortisone, sodabicarbonate and assisted ventilation in intensive care unit (lCU) setting and mortality rate was 75%. The fatal dose was 300 to 600 mg and fatal period as 2 to 16 hours.