ABSTRACT
La inervación sensitiva del dorso de la mano está dada principalmente por ramos provenientes del ramo superficial del nervio radial (RSNR) y del ramo dorsal del nervio ulnar (RDNU). La distribución del primero, abarcaría la zona desde el pulgar a la mitad radial del dedo anular y el segundo, la mitad ulnar de este dedo así como el dedo mínimo. El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad describir el origen, trayecto, distribución y ramificación del ramo dorsal del nervio ulnar. El estudio mediante disección fue realizado en 30 miembros superiores de individuos adultos, Brasileños y 6 miembros superiores de individuos adultos, Chilenos, fijados en formaldehido al 10 por ciento, de los cuales 16 eran miembros del lado derecho y 20 del lado izquierdo. Los primeros estaban localizados en la Universidade Estadual de Ciencias da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil y los segundos en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. El RDNU se originó a nivel del tercio distal del antebrazo proximal al proceso estiloides ulnar en 34 miembros (94,4 por ciento). En todas las muestras la distribución del RDNU en el dorso de la mano se comporta de forma similar con la diferencia de tener o no un ramo comunicante con ramos del RSNR. De acuerdo a esto clasificamos su disposición en un grupo con ramo comunicante y en otro sin ramo comunicante. Se observó 21 muestras (58,3%) con ramo comunicante y 13 sin el mismo. El comportamiento de las divisiones del ramo dorsal del nervio ulnar es descrito y padronizado. En los 21 casos el RDNU proporcionó 5 nervios digitales, correspondientes al dedo mínimo, anular y el de la parte ulnar del dedo medio. Sin embargo, en estos casos el RDNU recibió colaboración de fibras provenientes de RSNR. En 13 casos (36,1 por ciento) el RDNU proporcionó 5 nervios digitales dorsales, correspondientes al dedo mínimo, anular y la parte ulnar del dedo medio, sin colaboración del RSNR. En 2 casos (5,6 por ciento)...
The sensory innervation of the dorsum of the hand is mainly given by branches from the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN). The distribution of the first, cover the area from the thumb to the radial half of the ring finger and the second, the ulnar half of this finger and the little finger. This study aimed to describe the origin, course, distribution and branches of DBUN. The study by dissection was performed in 30 upper limbs of adult Brazilian individuals and 6 upper limbs of adult Chilean individuals, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, 16 of which were members of the right side and 20 on the left. The first individuals were located in the Universidade Estadual de Ciencias da Saude, Alagoas, Brazil and the second, in the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. The DBUN originated at the distal third of the forearm proximal to the ulnar styloid process in 34 limbs (94.4 percent).In all samples the DBUN distribution in the dorsum of the hand behaves similarly with the difference of having or not a communicating branch with the SBRN. Accordingly we classify in a group with communicating branch and another without communicating branch. 21 samples (58.3 percent) with communicating branch and 13 (36.1 percent) without it were observed. The division patterns of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve is described. In 21 cases the DBUN gave 5 digital nerves corresponding to the little finger, ring finger and the ulnar side of the middle finger. However, in these cases the DBUN received fibers from SBRN. In 13 cases (36.1 percent) the DBUN gave 5 dorsal digital nerves, corresponding to the minimum finger, ring finger and the ulnar side of the middle finger, without collaboration of the SBRN. In 2 cases (5.6 percent) the dorsal digital nerves were provided only by the SBRN without DBUN contributions. In relation to the presence of communication between DBUN and SBRN...
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Hand/innervation , Ulnar Nerve/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10 percent formalin solution and sections of 40µm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30ºC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.
As observações neuro-histológicas foram realizadas utilizando amostras preparadas segundo o método de impregnação por prata de Winkelmann e Schmitt. Os tecidos foram fixados em solução de formol a 10 por cento e seções de 40µm de espessura foram obtidas em criostato Leica -30ºC. As seções da mucosa dorsal da língua de queixada revelaram numerosas papilas filiformes, fungiformes e duas papilas valadas sobre a parte caudal. A camada epitelial revelou células epiteliais queratinizadas e papilas de tecido conjuntivo de diferentes tamanhos e formas foram observadas. Espessos feixes de fibras nervosas são notados no tecido conjuntivo subepitelial das papilas. O tecido conjuntivo das papilas fungiformes e valadas contêm numerosos feixes de nervos de fibras sensíveis formando um plexo nervoso complexo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Tongue/anatomy & histology , Tongue/innervation , Sensory Receptor Cells , Swine , Connective Tissue/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the origins of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) which innervate the quadriceps femoris tendon in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DRG cells containing CGRP, which innervate the quadriceps femoris tendon, from 25 rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g) were examined using the retrograde tracing technique (neural tracers: horseradish peroxidase and fluorogold) combined with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or fluoro-gold (FG) into the quadriceps femoris tendon resulted in the ipsilaterally labelling of cells between L1 and L6 DRGs. However, a large number of the labelled cells innervating the quadriceps femoris tendon were found in the L3 and L4 DRGs. Many DRG cells were immunostained with CGRP antibody in the L1-6 DRGs. The number of CGRP immunoreactive cells in the lumbar DRGs was larger than in the sacral DRG. FG labelled cells containing CGRP immunoreactivity (FG+CGRP cells) were found in the lumbosacral DRGs. Many FG+CGRP cells innervating the quadriceps femoris tendon were located in the L3 and L4 DRGs. CONCLUSION: These results show that the main DRG origin for the sensory innervation of the quadriceps femoris tendon is L3 or L4. The neurogenic pain of the quadriceps femoris tendon may originate from this region, and suggests that this may be important for the release of neurogenic pain.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Ganglia, Spinal , Horseradish Peroxidase , Immunohistochemistry , Quadriceps Muscle , Spinal Nerve Roots , TendonsABSTRACT
This study was performed to investigate origins of the dorsal root ganglion cells containing calcitonin gene -related peptide (CGRP) which innervate the calcaneal tendon in the rat. We used the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or fluoro -gold (FG) to trace retrogradely somatic afferents in dorsal root ganglion cells after unilateral injections into the rat calcaneal tendon. HRP or fluoro -gold labeled DRG cells for the calcaneal tendon were seen generaaly in lumbosacral (L1 to S1) DRGs ipsilaterally. In lumbosacral DRGs, the largest number of labeled cells were found in the L6 DRG. Many DRG cell bodies contained the CGRP throughout the L1~S1. A plenty of HRP -or FG -labeled cells innervating the calcaneal tendon were also identified to contain the CGRP in L1~S1 DRGs. These FG +/- CGRP DRG cells innervating the calcaneal tendon were primarily found in the L6 DRG. These results suggest that the main sensory DRG for the calcaneal tendon is the L6. This fact may be available in diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic pain in the calcaneal tendon.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcitonin , Diagnosis , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Ganglia, Spinal , Horseradish Peroxidase , Immunohistochemistry , Spinal Nerve Roots , TendonsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The presence of encapsulated nerve corpuscles that is involved in regulating middle ear pressure has been noticed in previous studies. Based on those findings, how the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane and tubal function are related was tested in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tubal function was tested by 9 step test using Grason-Stadler institute(GSI) Middle ear analyzer II Eustachian tube function(ETF) test mode. Tubal function was recorded as compliance of the tympanic membrane on an otoadmittance meter. To anesthetize the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane, iontophoresis was applied to the twenty right ears of the twenty subjects. RESULTS: Peak pressure difference in the middle ear was reduced after the tympanic membrane (TM) anesthesia, which indicates that the tubal function has decreased due to pressure change in the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that there may be a neural connection between the sensory receptors in the tympanic membrane and the tubal muscle, as the eustachian tube function changed following the TM anesthesia.