La función sexual y su relación con los factores psicológicos en las mujeres con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico / Sexual function and its relationship to psychological factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico tiene un notable impacto en la vida de las personas que lo padecen, siendo las áreas psicológica y sexual frecuentemente afectadas. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la función sexual y su relación con factores psicológicos en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Métodos: Se revisaron las bases de datos Google Scholar, Pubmed Central y SciELO Regional por intermedio del buscador web de Google. Algunos de los aspectos tratados en el artículo fueron los factores psicológicos, las hormonas sexuales y la función sexual, la imagen corporal y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, y la función sexual y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Conclusiones: Los aspectos más estudiados del síndrome de ovario poliquístico han estado relacionados con la conceptualización y fisiopatología de la enfermedad, y las manifestaciones reproductivas y metabólicas. Otros aspectos igualmente importantes como los psicosociales y sexuales han sido muy escasamente abordados y los datos disponibles son contradictorios. Se requieren investigaciones de corte psicosocial para profundizar en las particularidades de la vida psicoemocional y sexual de esta población. Aún existe un campo novedoso poco explorado y permanecen vacíos de información en torno a la sexualidad que por su impacto influyen en el bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome has a notable impact on the lives of those who suffer from it, with the psychological and sexual areas frequently affected. Objective: To carry out a literature review on sexual function and its relationship with psychological factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Google Scholar, Pubmed Central and SciELO Regional databases were reviewed through the Google web search engine. Some of the aspects covered in the article were psychological factors, sex hormones and sexual function, body image and polycystic ovary syndrome, and sexual function and polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions: The reviewed literature allows affirming that in the Cuban and international context the most studied aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome have been related to the conceptualization and physiopathology of the disease, and its reproductive and metabolic manifestations. Other equally important aspects such as psychosocial and sexual aspects have been very scarcely broached and the available information is contradictory. Psychosocial research is needed to delve deeper into the particularities of the psychoemotional and sexual life of this population. There is still a novel field that has not been sufficiently explored and there are still gaps in the information on sexuality that, due to their impact, influence the psychological well-being and the patients' quality of life(AU)

Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D

Síndrome dos ovários policísticos e sua relação com a microbiota intestinal / Polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota

Objetivo: Revisar a implicação e a relação existente entre a microbiota intestinal e a síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos das bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Science Direct dos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A disbiose da microbiota intestinal ativa o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro. Tal ativação interfere na função do receptor de insulina, causando hiperinsulinemia, o que aumenta a produção de androgênio ovariano e dificulta o desenvolvimento de um folículo saudável. Além disso, pacientes com SOP apresentam o perfil taxonômico alterado, o qual se associou inversamente com excesso de andrógenos e inflamação da SOP. Foi evidenciado que o uso de probióticos pode regular a resposta inflamatória, diminuir os níveis totais de testosterona e contribuir para que a SOP não prejudique uma possível gravidez. Conclusão: Essa revisão sugere que há íntima associação entre a disbiose microbiana e as alterações patológicas que ocorrem na SOP. Assim, a suplementação de probióticos em tais pacientes pode ter grandes benefícios, como melhora dos sintomas e redução das repercussões da doença.(AU)

Objective: To review the implication and the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles from the PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases, from the last five years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota activates the host's immune system. Such activation interferes with the function of the insulin receptor, causing hyperinsulinemia, which increases the production of ovarian androgens and hinders the development of a healthy follicle. In addition, patients with PCOS have an altered taxonomic profile, which is inversely associated with excess androgens and PCOS inflammation. It was evidenced that the use of probiotics can regulate the inflammatory response, decrease the total testosterone levels and contribute so that PCOS does not harm a possible pregnancy. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is a close association between microbial dysbiosis and pathological changes that occur in PCOS. Thus, supplementation of probiotics in such patients can have great benefits, such as improving symptoms and reducing the repercussions of the disease.(AU)

Cuantificación de hormonas 17β - estradiol y progesterona en el caracol rosa Lobatus gigas (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

La cuantificación de las hormonas esteroides en moluscos se lleva a cabo con diferentes técnicas utilizando la hemolinfa o gónadas. Lobatus gigas es un gasterópodo de interés comercial en el Caribe, indexado en CITES como una especie protegida. Los estudios hormonales de esta especie aún no están disponibles. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de las hormonas esteroides 17ß - estradiol y progesterona en L. gigas a través de un método no invasivo y comparar dos técnicas para su cuantificación. Cada dos meses en un período de un año, se recolectaron las heces de diez organismos en Xel-Há, Quintana Roo, México. Las muestras se analizaron con cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y EIA. Los valores más altos de ambas hormonas se presentaron de marzo a septiembre y disminuyeron en noviembre y enero. La comparación de las concentraciones obtenidas con HPLC y EIA, mostró que los resultados son similares para el 17β-estradiol (Passing - Bablock r = 0.673; -0.17 ng / ml). En contraste, los resultados de la progesterona con ambas técnicas no mostraron ajuste (Passing - Bablock r = 0.389; -1.43 ng / ml). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la técnica de EIA es adecuada para el estudio de hormonas en esta especie. El conocimiento generado permitirá monitorear y seleccionar organismos reproductores que se encuentren acondicionados en laboratorios y de esta manera no incidir en la recolecta de masas ovígeras silvestres.

Quantification of steroid hormones in molluscs is performed with different techniques, using the hemolymph or gonads. Lobatus gigas is a Caribbean gastropod of commercial interest indexed in CITES as a protected species. Hormonal studies of this species are as yet unavailable. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of the steroid hormones 17ß - estradiol and progesterone in L. gigas using a non-invasive method, and to compare two techniques for their quantification. Every two months over the course of one year, the feces of ten organisms were collected in Xel-Ha park Quintana Roo, México. The samples were analyzed with High resolution liquid chromatography and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The values of both hormones were highest during the months of March to September then decreased during November and January. Comparison of the concentrations obtained with HPLC and EIA, presented similar results for 17β-estradiol (Passing - Bablock r = 0.673; mean differences -0.17 ng / ml). In contrast, the progesterone results with both techniques showed no adjustment (Passing - Bablock r = 0.389; mean differences -1.43 ng / ml). Our results suggest that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is suitable for the study of hormones in L. gigas. The knowledge generated will allow the monitoring and selection of breeding organisms that are conditioned in laboratories and thus will not affect the collection of wild egg masses.

Rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico: un estudio piloto / Cognitive Performance in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Resumen El Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es la enfermedad endocrina-metabólica más frecuente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. A pesar de su alta prevalencia, hay pocas investigaciones que analizan los efectos de los cambios hormonales sobre la cognición de pacientes con SOP. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento en habilidades cognitivas y los niveles de hormonas sexuales de un grupo de pacientes con SOP y con las de un grupo control. Método: Participaron 20 mujeres mayores de 21 años, sin tratamiento hormonal, dividas en dos grupos, el primero compuesto por 10 pacientes diagnosticadas con SOP según los criterios de Rotterdam (GSOP) y el otro, de control, compuesto por 10 mujeres sin diagnóstico de SOP (GCT). Se aplicaron las pruebas WAIS III y fluidez verbal semántica y fonológica de la batería NEUROPSI Atención y memoria, y se realizaron análisis sanguíneos de hormonas sexuales. Resultados: Las pacientes del GSOP obtuvieron puntajes inferiores a las del GCT en el CI Verbal (p=0.009), CI Total (p=0.029), índice de comprensión verbal (p=0.005), índice de memoria de trabajo (p=0.023) y en la prueba de fluidez verbal semántica (p=0.029). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles hormonales. Conclusión: el GSOP presentó menor rendimiento que el GCT en pruebas de tipo verbal, aunque no se presentó déficit en su ejecución. Se sugiere estudiar la relación de la insulinorresistencia con la cognición en pacientes con SOP.

Abstract Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in women of reproductive age. Despite its high prevalence, little research analyzes the effects of hormonal changes on cognition in patients with PCOS. Objective: To compare the performance in cognitive abilities and sexual hormone levels of a group of patients with PCOS and those of a control group. Method: Twenty women older than 21 years, without hormone treatment, divided in two groups, the first consisting by 10 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (GSOP), and the other composed of 10 women without diagnosis of PCOS (GCT). WAIS III and semantic and phonological verbal fluency tests of the NEUROPSI attention and memory test battery were applied, and blood analyzes of sexual hormones were analyzed. Results: The GSOP patients obtained lower scores than the GCT in Verbal IQ (p=0.009), full scale IQ (p=0.029), verbal comprehension index (p=0.005), working memory index (p=0.023) and semantic verbal fluency test (p=0.029). No significant differences were found in sexual hormone levels. Conclusion: the GSOP showed lower performance than the GCT in verbal tests, although there was not deficit in its execution. It is suggested to study the relationship of insulin resistance with cognition in patients with GSOP.

Relationship between sexual hormones, quality of life and postmenopausal sexual function / Relação entre hormônios sexuais, qualidade de vida e função sexual na pós-menopausa

Abstract Objective To assess the relationship between sexual hormones, sexual function and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 36 postmenopausal women between the ages of 45 and 65 in follow-up at a climacteric outpatient clinic. Mood, quality of life, sexual function and hormonal profile were assessed. Results With regard to sexual hormones and sexual function, a relationship was found between orgasm and luteinizing hormone (r=0.37), orgasm and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (r=0.39), SHBG and less pain (r=0.44), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and desire (r=-0.45), as well as between prolactin and lubrication (r=0.33). Sexual hormones and quality of life were related as follows: progesterone and limitations due to physical aspects (r=0.35), SHBG and social aspects (r=0.35), cortisol and pain (r=0.46), DHEA and social aspects (r=-0.40). Finally, the following relationships were found between sexual function and quality of life: sexual desire and vitality, social aspects, state of general health and mental health (r=0.46, r=0.51, r=0.35, and r=0.38, respectively). Arousal, orgasm and satisfaction with sexual life showed a relationship with less physical pain (r=0.40, r=0.42, and r=0.43, respectively). Satisfaction with sexual life was correlated with vitality (r=0.33). Conclusion Different correlations than expected were found in this study regarding the effect of some hormones on sexual function and some aspects of the quality of life of postmenopausal women.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre hormônios sexuais, função sexual e qualidade de vida em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 36 mulheres na pós-menopausa, com idades entre 45 e 65 anos, em seguimento ambulatorial de climatério. Humor, qualidade de vida, função sexual e perfil hormonal foram avaliados. Resultados Entre hormônios sexuais e função sexual, foi encontrada relação entre orgasmo e hormônio luteinizante (r=0,37), orgasmo e globulina ligadora de hormônios sexuais (SHBG) (r=0,39), SHBG e menos dor (r=0,44), desidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) e desejo (r=-0,45), bem como entre prolactina e lubrificação (r=0,33). Entre hormônios sexuais e qualidade de vida: progesterona e limitações por aspectos físicos (r=0,35), SHBG e aspectos sociais (r=0,35), cortisol e dor (r=0,46), DHEA e aspectos sociais (r=-0,40). Por fim, entre função sexual e qualidade de vida: desejo sexual e vitalidade, aspectos sociais, estado geral de saúde e saúde mental (r=0,46, r=0,51, r=0,35 e r=0,38, respectivamente). Excitação, orgasmo e satisfação com a vida sexual mostraram uma relação com menos dor física (r=0,40, r=0,42 e r=0,43, respectivamente). A satisfação com a vida sexual foi correlacionada com a vitalidade (r=0,33). Conclusão Correlações diferentes das esperadas foram encontradas neste estudo em relação ao efeito de alguns hormônios sobre a função sexual e alguns aspectos da qualidade de vida de mulheres na pós-menopausa.

Hormonas sexuales pre y posparto en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas / Sexual hormones levels in pre and post-partum preeclamptic and healthy normotensive pregnant women

Objetivo. Comparar las concentraciones de hormonas sexuales pre y posparto en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas sanas. Diseño. Estudios de casos y controles. Institución. Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participantes. Gestantes normotensas y preeclámpticas. Métodos. Se seleccionó un total de 142 embarazadas. Se incluyeron 71 preeclámpticas como grupo de estudio (grupo A) y un grupo de control seleccionado por tener edad y peso similares al grupo de estudio y que consistió en 71 embarazadas normotensas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo A para determinar las concentraciones de hormonas sexuales. Las muestras de seguimiento posparto se recolectaron a los 7 días y a las 6 semanas en ambos grupos. Principales medidas de resultado. Características generales, concentraciones de testosterona total, testosterona libre, sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona, androstenodiona yestradiol. Resultados. En el periodo preparto se observó diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en las concentraciones de todas las hormonas sexuales (p < 0,0001), excepto en los valores de androstenodiona (p = 0,0917). Todas las hormonas sexuales mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos a los 7 días del posparto (p < 0,0001). A las 6 semanas, todas las hormonas sexuales mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p < 0,0001), excepto la testosterona total (p = 0,2479). Conclusión. Existieron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de hormonas sexuales pre y posparto entre las preeclámpticas y las embarazadas normotensas sanas.

Objective: To compare pre and post-partum sexual hormones concentrations in preeclamptic patients and in healthy normotensive pregnant women. Design: Case­control study. Setting: Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participants: Normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women. Methods: A total of 142 patients were selected. Ninety preeclamptic patients were selected as the study group (group A) and 71 healthy normotensive pregnant women with similar age and weight were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples were extracted from all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in group A to determine sexual hormones concentrations. Post-partum follow-up samples were collected at 7 days and 6 weeks later in both groups. Main outcome measures: General characteristics, concentrations of total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and estradiol. Results: Significant differences in concentrations of all sexual hormones (p < 0.0001) were found in the pre-partum period between both groups, except in androstenedione values (p = 0.0917). AII sexual hormones levels showed significant differences between both groups at 7 days after delivery post-partum (p < 0.0001). At 6 weeks postpartum, all sexual hormones presented significant differences between groups (p < 0.0001), with the exception of total testosterone (p = 0.2479). Conclusion: There were significant differences in pre and post-partum sexual hormone concentrations between preeclamptic patients and normotensive pregnant women.

Effect of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe Extract on Sexual Hormone Levels of Premature Ovarian Failure Patients with Kidney Deficiency Syndrome / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe Extract(an extract preparation of Chinese herbal medicine with the actions of tonifying kidney and regulating menstruation) for the treatment of kidney deficiency type of premature ovarian failure (POF),and to observe the effect of the extract formula on sexual hormone levels of POF patients.Methods A total of 75 POF patients were randomly divided into Chinese medicine (CM) decoction group,CM extract group and western medicine (WM) group,25 cases in each group.CM decoction group was treated with the decoction of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (a decoction recipe for tonifying kidney and regulating menstruation),CM extract group was treated with Bushen Tiaojing Recipe Extract,and WM group was treated with hormone replacement therapy(HRT).Twenty-eight days constituted one treatment course,and the treatment for the 3 groups lasted 3 continuous courses.After treatment,the patients were followed up for 3 months.Clinical efficacy of the 3 groups was evaluated,and clinical symptom scores,the improvement of menstruation and the changes ofsexual hormones ofestrogen(E2),follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were observed before and after treatment.Results (1) Two cases of each group dropped out,and a total of 69 patients completed the study.(2) The total effective rate of CM decoction group and CM extract group was 73.91％,78.26％ respectively,higher than 52.17％ of WM group (P ＜ 0.05).(3)After treatment,clinical symptoms of CM decoction group and CM extract group were obviously improved (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 compared with those before treatment),while WM group only had an effect on improving the abnormal menstruation (P ＜ 0.01 compared with that before treatment).CM decoction group and CM extract group had better effect on improving the clinical symptoms than WM group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).(4) CM decoction group and CM extract group had higher menstrual improvement rate,shorter menstrual-improvement time and lower recurrence rate than WM group (P ＜0.05).(5) CM decoction group and CM extract group had better effect on increasing serum E2 level and decreasing FSH and LH levels than WM group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).(6) The adverse reaction incidence of CM decoction group and CM extract group was all 4.35％,lower than 13.04％ of WM group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Bushen Tiaojing Recipe Extract has high drug concentration,and its effect is stable,mild and lasting,having the advantages of convenience for carrying and medication.The extract exerts certain clinical efficacy for the treatment of POF,and is effective on alleviating clinical symptoms,recovering normal menstruation,regulating serum sexual hormone levels,with lower abnormal menstruation relapse rate and less adverse reaction.

Evaluations of cytotoxicity of Smilax myosotiflora and its effects on sexual hormone levels and testicular histology in male rats

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxicity of Smilax myosotiflora (S. myosotiflora) methanolic extract and its effects on sexual hormone levels and testicular histology in male rats. Methods: The cytotoxicity of S. myosotiflora methanolic extract was investigated by employing brine shrimp lethality assay. Forty eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups (Groups I-IV) of 12 each. Rats in Group I were administered with 0.5 mL of distilled water (vehicle), whilst Groups II, III and IV received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the methanolic extract of S. myosotiflora in 0.5 mL of the vehicle, respectively. Male rats treated with continuous daily dosing were killed and necropsied after a total dose period of 60 days. Sexual hormones were assayed and histological examination of testes was performed according to standard methods. Results: S. myosotiflora extracts did not produce any cytotoxicity to brine shrimp in all concentrations tested. Serum testosterone level was significantly higher in rats treated with high dose of S. myosotiflora. Testicular histology showed normal architecture with all stages of spermatogenesis in all experimental groups. Conclusions: The present work confirmed that S. myosotiflora extract improves reproductive functions, without any cytotoxic activity and produces no histological changes to the testes.

Characterization of reactive stroma in prostate cancer: involvement of growth factors, metalloproteinase matrix, sexual hormones receptors and prostatic stem cells

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objectives: Reactive Stroma (RStr) is observed in many human cancers and is related to carcinogenesis. The objectives of the present study were to stablish a relationship of the RStr microenvironment with prostate cancer (Pca) through a morphological and molecular characterization, and to identify a possible relationship between RStr with worse prognosis factors and occurrence of malignant prostatic stem cells. Materials and Methods: Forty prostatic samples were selected from men with Pca diagnosis submitted to radical prostatectomy; they were divided in two groups: Group-1 (n=20): samples without reactive stroma; Group-2 (n=20): samples of PCa with intense stroma reaction. Prostatic samples were evaluated for RStr intensity by Masson Trichromic stain and posteriorly submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis for antigens: α-actin, vimentin, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2, C-Myc, PSCA, AR, Erα and ERβ. Results: Reactive stroma with intense desmoplastic reactivity was significantly more frequent in intermediate (Gleason 7, 3+4) and high grade tumors (Gleason 7, 4+3). The group with intense stromal reactivity showed significant higher levels of Vimentin, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2, C-Myc, PSCA and ERα. Conclusions: It can be concluded that RStr may be a predictive marker of Pca progression, since it was associated with increase of growth factors, imbalance of androgen and estrogen receptors and presence of malign prostatic stem cells.

Irregularidades menstruales y de hormonas sexuales en mujeres que se les diagnosticó la diabetes tipo 1 antes de la menarquia o después de esta / Menstruation disorders and sexual hormones in women diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before menarche or after it

INTRODUCCIÓN: la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica, cada vez más frecuente, que afecta todo el organismo. El conocimiento de la función del eje gonadal en diabéticos, hoy día gana mayor importancia, no solo por la repercusión de esta enfermedad en la salud reproductiva. OBJETIVO: identificar la frecuencia de irregularidades menstruales, determinar los niveles de hormonas sexuales y establecer la influencia de esta enfermedad sobre la edad de la menarquia. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 74 mujeres con edades entre 15 y 35 años, todas atendidas en el Centro de Atención al Diabético de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Distribuidas en 2 grupos: A y B, ambos con n= 37; A: diagnosticadas como diabéticas antes de la presentación de la menarquia y B: posterior a esta. Se confeccionó un cuestionario de datos generales e historia clínica puberal y menstrual; se determinó glucemia en ayunas, hemoglobina glucocilada y hormonas sexuales; se compararon los grupos mediante la t de Student y chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: se obtuvo una elevada frecuencia de dismenorrea, menorragia y tensión premenstrual, además de la pérdida de correlación entre algunas hormonas sexuales. La presencia más temprana de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 determinó mayor edad de la menarquia, niveles más bajos de gonadotropinas (LH y FSH) y oligoamenorrea. CONCLUSIONES: que la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 diagnosticada antes de la menarquia parece interferir en la maduración y función posterior del eje gonadal femenino, lo cual condiciona más frecuencia de dismenorrea e irregularidades menstruales(AU)

INTRODUCTION: type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease frequent and frequent affecting the entire organism. Knowledge on gonadal axis function in diabetic persons nowadays has a great significance, not only due the repercussion of this disease in reproductive health. OBJECTIVE: to identify the menstrual irregularities frequency, to determine the sexual hormones levels and to establish the influence of this entity on the menarche age. METHODS: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 74 women aged 15 and 35, all seen in the Diabetes Care Center of Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, which were distributed in two groups: A and B, both with n= 37; A: diagnosed with diabetes before the menarche appearance and B; after it. We designed a questionnaire of general data and puberal and menstrual medical records; we determined the presence of fasting glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin and sexual hormones; both groups were compared using the t Student and chi2 tests. RESULTS: we achieved a high frequency of dysmenorrhea, menorrhhea and premenstrual tension, as well the loss of a correlation among some sexual hormones. Earlier presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus determined a greater age of menarche, lower levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and oligomenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed before menarche seems to interfere with maturation and subsequent function of female gonadal axis, which conditioned a greater frequency of dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularities(AU)

Medición indirecta de la liberación de andrógenos y su relación con la conducta sexual en Coturnix japonica / Indirect measurement of androgen release and its relationship with sexual behavior in Coturnix japonica

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar las ventajas de la medición de la glándula cloacal de la codorniz japonesa macho como estrategia de evaluación indirecta de la producción de hormonas relacionadas con la conducta sexual de esta especie de ave. Primero, se hace una introducción al uso de aves como modelos experimentales en endocrinología conductual; luego, se presentan los argumentos a favor del uso de medidas indirectas de la producción hormonal. Se presenta investigación que muestra la relación de la medida del área y el volumen de la glándula cloacal, con otras medidas de producción de andrógenos y se presentan algunas investigaciones representativas que han hecho uso efectivo de esta medida.

In the present article we describe and analyze the advantages of measuringthe cloacal gland of male Japanese quail as a strategy to indirectly evaluate the production of hormones related to sexual behavior in this bird species.The use of animal models in general, and birds in particular, for the studyof the relationship between hormones and behavior is first introduced.Arguments for the advantage of using indirect measures of hormone productionare presented. Research that shows the correlation between area and volume of cloacal gland with other measures of androgen production is described, and some relevant research that has made use of indirect measures is presented.

Os efeitos dos fatores hormonais nos tecidos periodontais / The effects of sexual hormone factors in periodontal tissues

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de gengivite associada à placa bacteriana, provavelmente influenciada por fatores hormonais (puberdade). São abordados no presente relato os aspectos clínicos, bem como o resultado obtido após a realização de tratamento adequado

The authors present a clinical case of gingivitis associated to dental plaque, probably influenced by sexual hormones (puberty) factors. Clinical aspects, as well as the results after adequate, treatment are approached in the present report

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Film & Microwave Irradiation on Experimental Mammary Hyperplasia in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation on mammary hyperplasia in rats. Methods Rat models of experimental mammary hyperplasia were established by intramuscular injection of estrogen and a small quantity of progestin. Two weeks after modeling, the rats were treated with Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation. Before and after the treatment, mammary diameter of the second nipples were measured, serum concentrations of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) were determined by radioimmunoassay,pathological changes of mammary hyperplasia were examined under microscope,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia was measured. Results Chinese herbal medicine film markedly inhibited experimental mammary hyperplasia in rats,and the rate of mammary hyperplasia were 23.4 %in medicine film group and 20.9 %in medicine film µwave irradiation group respectively. Medicine film regulated the concentrations of estrogen and progestin,reduced the level of PRL and alleviated the pathological severity of mammary hyperplasia obviously. Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine film µwave irradiation have certain preventive and therapeutic effect on mammary hyperplasia in rats.