An efficient regeneration and rapid micropropagation protocol for Almond using dormant axillary buds as explants.

An efficient in vitro protocol was standardized for Almond (Prunus dulcis) propagation using dormant axillary buds as explants. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentration/combination(s) of phytohormones. MS basal medium showed lowest shoot induction and took longest duration for shoot initiation. Multiple shoots were induced in MS medium supplemented with the combination of BAP (0.5 mgL-1). Cultures showed poor response for rooting in all combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and took 90 days for initiation. Rooting was higher in half strength of MS than in full-strength. The highest root induction (33.33%) was recorded in half MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mgL-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) followed by full strength of MS medium (20%) supplemented with IBA (0.1 mgL-1). α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was less effective for rooting than IBA. The highest root induction (25%) was found in half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mgL-1 NAA followed by full strength of MS medium (20%). The protocol developed would be of use in mass propagation of almond and also support in vitro conservation.

Phenolic compound production and biological activities from in vitro regenerated plants of gherkin (Cucumis anguria L. )

Background The effect of polyamines (PAs) along with cytokinins (TDZ and BAP) and auxin (IBA) was induced by the multiple shoot regeneration from leaf explants of gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.). The polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial potential were studied from in vitro regenerated and in vivo plants. Results Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose containing a combination of 3.0 µM TDZ, 1.0 µM IBA and 75 µM spermidine induced maximum number of shoots (45 shoots per explant) was achieved. Regenerated shoots elongated in shoot elongation medium containing 1.5 µM GA3 and 50 µM spermine. The well-developed shoots were transferred to root induction medium containing 1.0 µM IBA and 50 µM putrescine. Rooted plants were hardened and successfully established in soil with a 95% survival rate. Twenty-five phenolic compounds were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis The individual polyphenolic compounds, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential were significantly higher with in vitro regenerated plants than in vivo plants. Conclusions Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and PAs had a significant effect on in vitro plant regeneration and also a biochemical accumulation of flavonols, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in C. anguria. Due to these metabolic variations, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities were increased with in vitro regenerated plants than in vivo plants. This is the first report describing the production of phenolic compounds and biological activities from in vitro and in vivo regenerated plants of C. anguria.

Arachis hypogaea L. Direct Organogenesis and SDS - PAGE Analysis in Groundnut.

The present research work was carried out to observe the effect of various concentrations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP) in terms of multiple shoot induction with special emphasis on qualitative and quantitative changes of proteins during multiple shoot formation. From whole embryonated cotyledons of groundnut. The shoot induction medium containing different concentrations of Benzyle amino purine ranged from 5.0 to 25.0mg/l along with lower concentration of Indole acetic acid (IAA).The multiple shoots were observed in all the BAP concentrations at a varying levels. Among the various levels of BAP, 25.0mg/l of BAP plus 0.50mg/l of IAA was found to be the most effective in terms of multiple shoot induction. The growth parameters like plantlet height, fresh and dry weight also highly influenced by the concentration of the BAP. The root induction was achieved in micropropagated shoots by using Indole butyric acid (IBA) at a concentrations of 1.0 to 5.0mg/l. The mean number of roots, root length was highly influenced by IBA. In all the concentrations of IBA the rooting was associated with moderate and heavily associated basal callusing. The quantitative estimation of protein content in regenerated shoots also increased with higher concentrations of BAP. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there was a nine visible bands with 82.2, 76.4, 57.5, 27.6, 23.7, 21.4, 18.2, 16.5 and 12.8 kDa were observed in multiple shoots derived from all the concentrations of BAP. Whereas in whole embryonated cotyledonary explants there was a entirely different protein banding

In vitro shoot development in blepharis repnes.

An herb is a plant or plant part valued for its medicinal aromatic or savory qualities. In vitro shoot development of Blepharis repnes was achieved using thin sections of nodes and stems (1.0-1.5 mm) were cultured in MS medium containing varying concentrations of different combination of phytohormones Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Benzylaminopurine (BAP) & Gibberlic acid. The combination of BAP, IBA & Gibberellic acid at different concentrations showed the length of shoot development 0.6 -1.8cm with in three weeks in suitable laboratory condition.

Cytokinin preconditioning enhances multiple shoot regeneration in Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre - a potential, non-edible tree seed oil source for biodiesel

An efficient, highly reproducible protocol for multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration of Pongamia pinnata has been successfully developed using cotyledonary node explants. This study also demonstrates that preconditioning of explant stimulates production of multiple shoots from cotyledonary nodes of P. pinnata. The highest direct shoot regeneration (90 percent) with an average of 18.4 +/- 3.1 shoots/explant were obtained when cotyledonary node explants were excised from seedlings germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) 1 mg l-1, and subsequently cultured on MS media with 1 mgl-1 thidiazuron (TDZ). Scanning electron microscope observations of cotyledonary node (CN) explants excised from pre-conditioned and normal seedlings, revealed larger buds with rapid development in BA-preconditioned CN explants. The addition of adenine sulphate significantly increased the average number of shoots per explant. The highest direct shoot regeneration (93 percent) with an average of 32.2 +/- 0.93 shoots/explant was obtained from BA-preconditioned CN when cultured on MS media supplemented with 1 mg l-1 TDZ and 200 mg l-1 adenine sulphate (ADS). Repeated shoot proliferation was observed from BA preconditioned CN explants up to 3 cycles with an average of 15 shoots/explant/cycle when cultured on MS media supplemented with 1 mg l-1 TDZ and 150 mg l-1 L-glutamine, thus producing 45 shoots/CN explant. Shoots were elongated on hormone free MS media and rooted on 1/2 MS media supplemented with 1 mg l-1 of IBA. Rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized and established in soil with 80 percent success. The highly regenerative system developed in this investigation for this important tree could be a useful tool for genetic transformation.