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OBJECTIVE：To prepare supersaturated system of lip ophilic aci clovir（ACV）prodrug，and to increase the cutaneous bioavailability of ACV. METHODS ：Three prodrugs of ACV were synthesized by anhydride acylation ，i.e. aciclovir acetate （ACV-Ace），butyrate（ACV-But）and hexanoate （ACV-Hex）. The structures of ACV and three ACV prodrugs were confirmed by 1H-NMR and HRESI-MS ；the concentrations of ACV and three ACV prodrugs were determined by UPLC-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry ，and saturated solubility of them in different volume fractions of propylene glycol-water solution was calculated. The compound with the greatest potential of form supersaturated system was screened out. The supersaturated system of that compound was prepared by co-solvent method. The effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E 3 （HPMC E 3） on its physical stability was observed by light microscope. Vertical Franz diffusion cells were used to study the effects of degree of supersaturation （DS）and HPMC E 3 on the deposited amount of drug in the excised porcine skin after using the supersaturated system for 1 h. The distribution of ACV in the excised porcine skin was determined by frozen slicing stratified quantitative method after using the supersaturated system and marketed aciclovir cream for 1 h. RESULTS ：Three ACV prodrugs were successfully synthesized. The established quantification methods met the requirements of biological sample analysis. Among all of the three ACV prodrugs ， ACV-Hex showed the lowest saturated solubility in water [ （0.5±0.0）mmol/L] a nd the highest saturated solubility in propylene glycol [（53.4 ± 14.2）mmol/L]，which made it potentially feasible to form supersaturated system with high DS. In 10％propylene glycol-water system ，the addition of HPMC E 3 163.com enabled ACV-Hex supersaturated systems ，with DS no morethan 4，to maintain physical stability within 1 h. The total deposited amount （ACV + ACV-Hex ） in skin after the application of ACV-Hex supersaturated system with DS of 4 for 1 h was higher than that after the application of ACV-Hex supersaturated system with DS less than 4 or without HPMC E 3. In addition ，the concentration of ACV in the basal epidermis （skin thickness was 100-160 mm）by supersaturated system was significantly higher than that of the marketed aciclovir cream （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：ACV-Hex，the lipophilic prodrug of ACV ，can form stable supersaturated system with DS of 4 in 10％ propylene glycol-water system in the presence of HPMC E 3. High concentration of ACV could be accumulated in the basal epidermis after the skin was exposed to supersaturated system for 1 h，which may be valuable for local treatment skin infection of herpes simplex virus .
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RESUMEN Introducción: Las infecciones de la piel y partes blandas son frecuentes en los niños, con un amplio espectro de gravedad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infecciones de partes blandas superficiales hospitalizados en el servicio de clínicas pediátricas del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Hermanos Cordové". Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el servicio de clínicas pediátricas del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Hermanos Cordové", de Manzanillo durante el 2018.Se estudiaron todos los pacientes egresados (n=298) con el diagnóstico confirmado de este tipo de infecciones. Se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: localización anatómica, clasificación del tipo deinfección de piel y tejidos blandos, terapéutica utilizada y estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (57,7 %) y el grupo de edad de 10-14 años (34,9 %). Las infecciones en las extremidades estuvieron presentes en 113 pacientes (37,9 %). El impétigo fue la entidad clínica más frecuente (42,3 %), la cefazolina fue el antibiótico más utilizado (77,2 %). Se observó que la mayoría de los pacientes (293) solo permaneció hasta 7 días ingresados, con una evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: En el servicio de clínicas pediátricas del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Hermanos Cordové", los pacientes con IPTB se caracterizan por ser sobre todo varones, más comúnmente con edad entre 10 y 14 años, las lesiones predominaron en las extremidades y la más común fue el impétigo. La cefazolina resultó eficaz para el tratamiento estas infecciones, lo que hizo posible que la estadía hospitalaria generalmente no excediera de siete días.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Infections in the skin and soft tissues are common health concerns in children, with a wide range of severity from patient to patient. Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of the patients with soft tissue infections hospitalized in the Pediatric Teaching Hospital "Hermanos Cordové". Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the services of pediatric clinic in the Pediatric Teaching Hospital "Hermanos Cordové", in Manzanillo, Cuba, during the year 2018. All discharged patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of this type of infection were studied (n=298). The following variables were taken into account: anatomical location, classifications of the different types of skin and soft tissue infections, treatment used and hospitalization. Results: Male gender prevailed in the patients (57.7 %), and also the ages ranging between 10 to 14 years old (34.9 %). Infections located on the limbs were described in 113 patients (37.9 %). Impetigo was the most common diagnosis (42.3 %), and the most frequently used antibiotic was cefazolin (77.2 %). Most of the patients were hospitalized up to 7 days (293), with a satisfactory evolution of the disease. Conclusions: Patients with soft tissue infections in the services of pediatric clinic in the Pediatric Teaching Hospital "Hermanos Cordové" are mainly characterized for being male, especially from ages raging between 10 to 14 years old, with impetigo being the most common infection, mostly located on the limbs. Cefalozin resulted very effective for the treatment of these infections, making possible the hospitalization time to be lesser than a week.
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Child , Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Morbidity , Impetigo/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
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Humans , Hidradenitis Suppurativa , Hidradenitis , Serratia marcescens , Serratia , SkinABSTRACT
To establish the evaluation system for Guinea pig skin infection model of Trichophyton rubrum, and to evaluate different modeling methods and select the best skin infection animal model of Trichophyton rubrum. Methods The evaluation index was determined by literature research and expert consultation , weight of each index was calculated by Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for Guinea pig skin infection model of Trichophyton rubrum. Furthermore, various skin infection animal models of Trichophyton rubrum were evaluated by this system and the ideal animal model was selected. Results The evaluation system proved to be available. The animal model with immunosuppressive treatment and repeated inoculation with Trichophyton rubrum had better quality and higher success rate. Conclusions The evaluation system established by AHP is clear, simple and convenient; the optimized skin infection animal model of Trichophyton rubrum is suitable for the efficacy evaluation of antifungal infection drugs.
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Background: Both General and Regional anaesthesia can be used for lower Lumbar Disc surgery but SPINAL ANAESTHESIA is also a better alternative as it is accompanies by less blood loss and haemodynamics instability. Materials & Methods: 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive either General Anaesthesia( GA group) or Spinal Anaesthesia(SA group). Patients were supplemented with i.v. Propofol sedation in Spinal anaesthesia group. The values were recorded preoperative, intraoperative & postoperative. HR, MAP, amount of blood less, surgeon Satisfaction were noted. The severity of nausea, vomiting, duration of recovery and total analgesic use was also recorded. Results: Total anaesthesia, surgical time and blood loss is less in spinal anaesthesia group as compared to general Anaesthesia group. Intraoperative hypertension and tachycardia is more in GA group. Surgeon satisfaction and cost effectiveness is more in SA group. Postoperative nausea ,vomiting is more in GA group. Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia is better ,safe and economical alternative to general anaesthesia for lower spinal surgery
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Background: The most common bacterial causes of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus, the key bacterial agents of impetigo, cellulitis, abscesses, and wound infections. Aim of the study: To compare efficiency of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treating patients with uncomplicated skin infections. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of general medicine of the Government S.K. Hospital, Sikar, Rajasthan, India. . For the study we selected subjects from the surgical ward of the hospital of the medical institute. The patients diagnosed with uncomplicated skin infection were included in the study. A total of 42 patients were selected for the study. Results: A total of 42 patients were enrolled, 21 in group 1 and 21 in group 2. We observed that clinical cure at 17-20 days was 78.03 % in Group 1 and 74.31 % in group 2. Clinical cure at one month follow up was 71.22% in group 1 and 65.21% in group 2. Clinical cure in adults in group 1 was 76.2% and in group 2 was 74.84%. Clinical cure in pediatrics was 83.29% in group 1 and 79.35% in group 2. Clinical cure rate of abscess for group 1 was 77.96% and for group 2 was 81.21%. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study we conclude that both the drug combinations i.e., clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are equally effective in treating uncomplicated skin infections.
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Total 1 452 newborns were home visited within 28 d after birth during January 2016 to December 2016,and 27 cases of skin infections were found.Umbilical inflammation was more common (11 cases),followed by folliculitis (9 cases) and impetigo (7 cases).Samples were collected for bacterial culture and identification from the skin of infected newborns,the hands and nasal cavity of family baby caretakers,and household articles,including faucets,mobile phones,toilet buttons and so on.The pathogens identified were Staphylococcus aureus in 20 cases (including 2 methicillin-resistant strains) and Escherichia coli in 7 cases.The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in household articles was significantly correlated with newborns infected with Staphylococcus aureus (x2=678.808,P＜0.01);and the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from family baby caretakers was also significantly associated with neonatal Staphylococcus aureus infection (x2=820.396,P＜0.01).In 7 cases of Escherichia coli infection,the Escherichia coli were detected from samples of baby caretakers or household articles.The study suggests that the awareness of baby caretakers and home hygiene are important to reduce neonatal skin infections.
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BACKGROUND: Bacterial skin infections occur secondarily in conditions involving a vulnerable skin barrier such as atopic eczema, as well as primarily such as impetigo. They are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci. Recently, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been increasing. OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of community-acquired bacterial skin infections, to observe their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and to evaluate factors contributing to the treatment response. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed outpatients under 30 years old from 2010 to 2015, from whom we had taken skin swabs for antibiotic susceptibility testing. We collected clinical and microbiological characteristics from the medical records. RESULTS: We evaluated the culture results of 197 patients and reviewed their medical records. Overall, 86.3% (n=170) of the patients responded to the initial treatment regimen. S. aureus was the most commonly isolated pathogen (52.6%) and showed a high resistance rate to penicillin (90.9%) and oxacillin (36.3%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, resistance to 3 or more antibiotics (p=0.044), culture amounts described as “many” (p=0.040), and non-systemic antibiotic use (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower treatment response. However, methicillin resistance was not associated with lower treatment response both in univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION: Among young patients, S. aureus was the most predominant pathogen present in bacterial skin infections. Resistance to high numbers of antibiotics and the use of non-systemic antibiotics were associated with lower treatment response. First-generation cephalosporins may be the most effective first-line empirical regimen for bacterial skin infections treated in outpatient settings, regardless of methicillin resistance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cephalosporins , Dermatitis, Atopic , Impetigo , Logistic Models , Medical Records , Methicillin Resistance , Outpatients , Oxacillin , Penicillins , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Skin Diseases, Infectious , Skin , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 67 años de edad, quien ingresa en el en Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" con diagnóstico de ántrax en región posterosuperior del tórax. Se realiza necrectomía y radiografía simple de tórax que muestra un derrame pleural izquierdo de gran cuantía; por tanto, se traslada al Servicio de Neumología donde se le diagnostica neoplasia de pulmón. La infección de piel se trató con antimicrobianos de uso parenteral y curas locales con miel de abejas, así se logró la resolución total de la lesión.
The case report of a 67 years patient who was admitted in the Dermatology Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital with diagnosis of anthrax in postero-superior region of the thorax is described. A necrectomy and simple x-ray of thorax are carried out that which show a significant left pleural effusion; therefore, he was transferred to the Pneumology Service where he is diagnosed with lung neoplasia. The skin infection was treated with antimicrobials of parenteral use and local cures with honey, thus, the total resolution of the lesion was achieved.
Subject(s)
Carbuncle , Apitherapy , Staphylococcal Skin Infections , Honey , Lung NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (CA-MSSA) from children with skin infection were investigated by staphylocoagulase (SC) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec typing and virulent toxins, including Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), and exfoliative toxins (ET). Among 69 cases of CA-S. aureus for a 3 month period from March to June, 2014 at hospital in Busan, 28 (40.6%) were MRSA and 41 (59.4%) were MSSA. Of the 28 CA-MRSA isolates, two major clones were identified as SC type Vb-ST72-SCCmec type IV (53.6%) and SC type l-ST89-SCCmec type II variant (42.8%), and the remaining one (3.6%) was SC type lll-ST8-SCCmec type IV. In CA-MSSA, the prevalent clone was SC type Vb-ST72 (29.3%), followed by SC type Vb-ST188 (21.9%), SC type Va-ST121 (19.5%) and SC type lV-ST30 (9.6%). None was positive for PVL gene, and all of the SC type l-ST89-SCCmec type II variant clones were ETB gene positive. The data suggest that there are significant clonal relatedness with specific SC types, and genetic diversities in both community strains isolated from children with skin infections.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Clone Cells , Coagulase , Exfoliatins , Genetic Variation , Korea , Leukocidins , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Prevalence , Skin , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Foram obtidas 154 amostras de lesões cutâneas de cães com pioderma superficial atendidos no Serviço de Dermatologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), com o objetivo de determinar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de isolados de Staphylococcus spp. e avaliar a presença de multirresistência. Após isolamento e identificação, as cepas foram submetidas ao teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, cujos resultados evidenciaram menores percentuais de resistência à associação amoxicilina e ácido clavulânico (1,9 por cento), cefadroxil (1,9 por cento), cefalexina (1,9 por cento) e vancomicina (0,6 por cento). Os maiores percentuais de resistência foram frente à amoxicilina (60,4 por cento) e penicilina G (60,4 por cento). A multirresistência foi detectada em 23,4 por cento e a resistência à meticilina em 5,8 por cento das amostras. Pode-se concluir que os isolados de Staphylococcus spp. apresentam elevada suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos comumente utilizados no tratamento dos piodermas superficiais em cães atendidos no HVU-UFSM, como a cefalexina e a amoxicilina associada ao ácido clavulânico, confirmando a eleição desses fármacos para o tratamento de cães com esta afecção. A suscetibilidade diminuída das cepas frente às fluoroquinolonas, também recomendadas pela literatura para o tratamento de pioderma, permite sugerir que estes fármacos não devem mais ser considerados na seleção empírica. A identificação de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistentes na população canina estudada justifica análises bacteriológicas periódicas e regionais de lesões cutâneas de cães com pioderma superficial, a fim de minimizar a seleção de bactérias resistentes, possíveis falhas terapêuticas e também motiva a antimicrobianoterapia prudente.
A total of 154 samples of skin lesions were obtained from dogs with superficial pyoderma that were assisted by the Veterinary Dermatology Service at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), aiming to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolates and evaluate the presence of multidrug resistance profile. After bacterial isolation and identification, the strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and the results showed lower percentages of resistance to the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association (1.9 percent), cefadroxil (1.9 percent), cephalexin (1.9 percent) and vancomycin (0.6 percent). The highest percentages were towards amoxicillin (60.4 percent) and penicillin G (60.4 percent). The multidrug resistance was detected in 23.4 percent and the methicillin resistance in 5.8 percent of the samples. It may be concluded that the Staphylococcus spp. isolates present high susceptibility to key antimicrobials used in the treatment of superficial pyodermas in dogs at the HVU-UFSM, such as cephalexin and the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association, confirming the preference for these drugs when treating dogs with this disorder. The susceptibility of the strains to fluoroquinolones, also recommended in the literature for the treatment of pyodermas, allows suggesting that such drugs should not be considered in the empirical selection. The identification of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the studied canine population justifies periodic and regional bacteriological tests of skin lesions in dogs with superficial pyoderma, possible therapeutic failures and also motivates wise use of antimicrobial therapy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/veterinary , Pyoderma/veterinary , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary , Cefadroxil , Cephalexin , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination , Penicillin G , VancomycinABSTRACT
Scedosporium apiospermum is an asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii which has been isolated from soil, sewage, and decaying vegetation. It can cause cutaneous infections by traumatic implantation of the contaminant due to penetrating injury. This ubiquitous fungus cause not only mycetoma, but also infections of variety of body sites including the skin. The localized skin infection due to this organism is much rare than mycetoma. We report a case of cutaneous S. apiospermum infection occurred in 80-year-old male. The skin lesion was manifested by a 8.0 x 4.0 cm-sized erythematous plaque with pustules and crusts on the dorsum of right hand. The fungal culture from the biopsy specimen on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed white to gray colored cottony colonies of S. apiospermum. The nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacer for clinical isolate was identical to that of S. apiospermum strain IHEM 23829. The patient was treated with oral fluconazole for 3 months.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Agar , Base Sequence , Biopsy , Fluconazole , Fungi , Glucose , Hand , Mycetoma , Pseudallescheria , Scedosporium , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sewage , Skin , SoilABSTRACT
Objective To compare the effect of Baikerui compound lysostaphin (FE complex phosphoesterasum) disinfectant and povidone iodine in treatment of burn wound infection resulted from gram-positive (G ±) coccus.Methods The study involved 60 patients with superficial second degree burns (1％-5％ TBSA； age range of 18-50 years).All the patients received bacterial culturing of wound secretions prior to treatment.Every 20 patients were indentified with infection of staphylococcus aureus (SA),staphylococcus epidermidis (SE),and enterococcus (EC) respectively and randomized into control group and experiment group,with 10 patients per group.Patients allocated to the experiment group were covered with four-layer sterile gauze soaked into the Baikerui compound lysostaphin disinfectant,while the patients in the control group were treated with four-layer sterile gauze soaked into the povidone iodine.Dressing was changed once a day.Wound culturing was performed again at each day of the 5-day treatment.Wound healing was compared among each group.Results SA wound infection turned negative for all the 10 patients in experimental group and three patients in control group (P ＜ 0.01).SE wound infection turned negative for all the 10 patients in experimental group and six patients in control group (P ＜ 0.05).EC wound infection turned negative for nine patients in experimental group and seven patients in control group (P ＞ 0.05).Mean wound healing time was (10.87 ± 1.93) days for experimental group and (13.31 ± 2.89) days for control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Baikerui compound lysostaphin disinfectant can effectively prevent burn wound infection with common G + coccus and accelerate wound healing.
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Objective: To investigate activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-Staphylococcus aures components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm. F. (S. tenuifolius). Methods: Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of S. tenuifolius were prepared by soxilation for antimicrobial activity against one registered Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC No: 25923) and two clinical isolates, methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus. NCCL standard methods were followed for antibacterial activity. GC-MS was performed to identify the chemical composition of bio active fraction. Results:Among all solvent extracts, methanol extract significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus (ATCC No: 25923), methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus with the best zone of inhibition at 16.23, 14.06 and 15.23 mm and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values at 426.16, 683.22 and 512.12 μg/mL, respectively. In order to detect the active component in methanol extract, it was further purified by column chromatography, which yielded four fractions (St1, St2, St3, and St4). Among these four fractions, St3 was effective against the tested strains of S. aures, with the best zone of inhibition at 15.09, 13.25 and 14.12 mm and with best MIC values at 88.16, 128.11 and 116.12 μg/mL, respectively. Effective fraction partially purified from S. tenuifolius (St3) yielded MIC’s that were at least 20 fold less when compared to crude extract. GC-MS analysis of St3 revealed the presence of 3-[methyl-6,7-dihydro benzofuran-4 (5H)-one], 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, hydroquinone, methyl ester and 3 unknown compounds. Conclusions:The study provides scientific evidence for traditional and folklore medicinal use of S. tenuifolius in skin infections treatment.
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Scedosporium apiospermum, an asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii, is a widely distributed mould that can be found in the soil, manure, stagnant water and decaying vegetation. It has become an emerging pathogen among immunosuppressed patients but it can also cause infections in immunocompetent patients by penetrating trauma. This fungus is a classical cause of mycetoma and the localized skin infections caused by this mould are much rarer than mycetoma. We report a case of cutaneous S. apiospermum infection in a 79-year-old woman. She had erythematous plaque with crust and violaceous supprative nodules on the right forearm. The culture from pus showed typical white to gray colored cottony colonies of S. apiospermum. Treatment was started with voriconazole effectively. Skin lesions completely cured with no reccurence. Thus, voriconazole shows to be an effective treatment for Scedosporium infection.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Forearm , Fungi , Manure , Mycetoma , Pseudallescheria , Pyrimidines , Scedosporium , Skin , Soil , Suppuration , TriazolesABSTRACT
Fusarium(F.) species are hyalohyphomycetes isolated from plants, soil and air. Fusarium species can cause disseminated infections with involvement of multiple organs and numerous skin lesions in immunocompromised patients. And they can also cause local skin infections of trauma site. We report a case of localized skin infection by F. oxysporum in a 63-year-old immunocompetent woman. She presented with multiple, mild pruritic, 1.5 x 1.5 cm-sized, erythematous maculopapules on the left cheek after cosmetic procedure 4 months ago. Histopathologically, suppurative granulomatous inflammation, fungal elements were observed in dermis. Fungal culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar showed rapid growing, whitish, cottony colonies at 25degrees C for 1 week. Numerous fusoid macroconidia were observed in slide culture by light microscopy. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of clinical sample identical to that of F. oxysporum CID 220 strain (GenBank accession number HQ829117.1). The patient had been treated with itraconazole for 6 months. The skin lesion was improved. There was no recurrence 6 months after treatment.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Agar , Base Sequence , Cheek , Dermis , Fusarium , Glucose , Immunocompromised Host , Inflammation , Itraconazole , Microscopy , Recurrence , Skin , Soil , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-Staphylococcus aures components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm. F. (S. tenuifolius).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of S. tenuifolius were prepared by soxilation for antimicrobial activity against one registered Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC No: 25923) and two clinical isolates, methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus. NCCL standard methods were followed for antibacterial activity. GC-MS was performed to identify the chemical composition of bio active fraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among all solvent extracts, methanol extract significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus (ATCC No: 25923), methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus with the best zone of inhibition at 16.23, 14.06 and 15.23 mm and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values at 426.16, 683.22 and 512.12 µg/mL, respectively. In order to detect the active component in methanol extract, it was further purified by column chromatography, which yielded four fractions (St1, St2, St3, and St4). Among these four fractions, St3 was effective against the tested strains of S. aures, with the best zone of inhibition at 15.09, 13.25 and 14.12 mm and with best MIC values at 88.16, 128.11 and 116.12 µg/mL, respectively. Effective fraction partially purified from S. tenuifolius (St3) yielded MIC's that were at least 20 fold less when compared to crude extract. GC-MS analysis of St3 revealed the presence of 3-[methyl-6,7-dihydro benzofuran-4 (5H)-one], 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, hydroquinone, methyl ester and 3 unknown compounds.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study provides scientific evidence for traditional and folklore medicinal use of S. tenuifolius in skin infections treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , India , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Senecio , Chemistry , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Objective To establish an effective and stable rat model of skin-infection for evaluating the therapeutic effects of topical anti-infection drugs.Methods SD rats were subcutaneously injected with cyclophosphamide to induce immunosuppression,and then surgical incisions were made on both sides of the spine.The rat model of skin-infection was established by applying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas suspension to the incisions for two consecutive days,and evaluated by analyzing infection status,pathological changes and healing time.Results The development of pyogenic infection was detected in all of the rats.Compared with the non-cyclophosphamide treated group,the cyclophosphamide treated group showed a more severe infection both from the visual inspection and the microscopic observation,moreover,its healing time was delayed more than 10 days.Conclusion The skin-infection model was successfully established in immunosuppressed rats induced by cyclophosphamide,which could be applicable to the efficacy evaluation of anti-infection drugs for external use on skin infection.
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The majority of infections caused by R. equi occur in hosts with some degree of cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Immunocompetent individuals are infrequently affected and usually present with localized disease. Infections of the skin or related structures are uncommon and are usually related to environmental contamination. The microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the identification of the organism since it may be mistaken for common skin flora. We describe a 31 year-old woman without medical problems who presented nine weeks after breast reduction with right breast cellulitis and purulent drainage from the surgical wound. She underwent incision and drainage, and cultures of the wound yielded Rhodococcus equi. The patient completed six weeks of antimicrobial therapy with moxifloxacin and rifampin with complete resolution.
La mayoría de las infecciones causadas por Rhodococcus equi ocurren en huéspedes con algún grado de inmunodeficiencia celular. Los individuos inmunocompetentes son afectados con baja frecuencia y suelen presentarse con enfermedad localizada. Las infecciones de la piel o partes blandas son poco frecuentes y están usualmente relacionadas con contaminación ambiental. El laboratorio de microbiología juega un papel clave en la identificación del organismo, ya que este puede confundirse con flora normal de la piel. Se describe una mujer de 31 años sin problemas médicos que consultó nueve semanas después de haber sido sometida a cirugía de reducción mamaria, con celulitis del seno derecho y drenaje purulento de la herida quirúrgica. Se practicó incisión y drenaje quirúrgico y los cultivos de la herida demostraron R. equi. La paciente recibió seis semanas de tratamiento antimicrobiano con moxifloxacina y rifampicina demostrando resolución completa.