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Introducción: Los científicos han explorado las capacidades intelectuales de los animales, su importancia para la salud física y emocional de los humanos, su uso como sujetos en la investigación biomédica y psicológica, pero se ha prestado poca atención a las valoraciones que hacen las personas del común sobre estas prácticas sociales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue presentar los resultados sobre las valoraciones de prácticas de divertimiento, producción industrial, investigación biológica y psicológica, que involucran animales, a partir de las dimensiones: ética, legal, las capacidades intelectuales, los beneficios para la salud física y emocional de las personas y la preocupación por su bienestar. Método: Se construyó un instrumento online a partir una frase mapa compuesto por 28 ítems, que exploran la evaluación de 255 personas, hombres y mujeres sobre estas prácticas, bajo la condición de tener o no mascota. Las respuestas se analizaron mediante un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional. Resultados: Queda en evidencia la preocupación de las personas por las condiciones en que se usan los animales, en particular, de quienes tienen o han tenido mascota. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos se discuten a partir del soporte de las facetas incluidas en la frase mapa y la propuesta para nuevos estudios sobre prácticas sociales que involucre animales en la población general.
Introduction: Scientifics have explored the intellectual capacities of animals, their importance for the physical and emotional health of humans, its use as subjects for biomedical and psychological research. However, little attention has been involved to studying how lay people think about these types of social practices. The objective of this research was to present the results of the evaluations of social practices involving animals in entertainment, industrial production, biological and psychological research. The practices were evaluated on the following dimensions: ethics, legal, intellectual capacities, benefits for the physical and emotional health of people; and concern for their well-being. Method: An instrument based on a mapping sentence and composed of 28 items was responded online by 255 people, men and women with the condition of having a pet or not. Item responses were analyzed using multidimensional scaling analysis. Results: It is evident people's concern for the conditions in which the animals are used particularly in people that have or has have pets. Conclusions: The findings are discussed on the evidence that support the mapping sentence, and on the proposal for new studies on social practices involving lay people.
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Partindo de dois pressupostos, 1) a linguagem é essencialmente política, não essencialmente comunicativa e informativa (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980), e 2), assim intervém na forma como as práticas sociais são organizadas, representadas, defendidas ou combatidas (Magalhães, Martinz, & Resende, 2017). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a variante menor como uma ferramenta conceitual e política das minorias na contemporaneidade. Para isso, descrevemos relações entre os conceitos "maioria", "minoria" e "devir-minoritário" (Deleuze, 1979), para o estudo do funcionamento da variante menor. A partir desses conceitos, fomentamos uma discussão sobre línguas maiores e menores no Brasil (Deleuze, 2010) e, em seguida, deslocamos essa discussão para a literatura, a partir do conceito "literatura menor" (Deleuze & Guattari, 1975). Por fim, apresentamos o problema da linguagem como palavra de ordem (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980). Concluímos a discussão propondo a variante menor como uma ferramenta de minoração da linguagem que intervém na produção, circulação e recepção de imagens e textos em diferentes práticas sociais.
Starting from two assumptions, 1) language is essentially political, not essentially communicative, and informative (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980), and 2) language intervenes in the way social practices are organized, represented, defended, or fought (Magalhães, Martinz, & Resende, 2017). The aim of this article is to present the minor variant as a conceptual and political tool for minorities in contemporary times. For this, we describe relationships between the concepts of "majority", "minority" and "becoming-minority" (Deleuze, 1979), for the study of the functioning of the minor variant. Based on these concepts, we fostered a discussion about major and minor languages in Brazil (Deleuze, 2010), and then moved this discussion to literature, based on the concept of "minor literature" (Deleuze & Guattari, 1975). Finally, we present the problem of language as a watchword (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980). We conclude the discussion by proposing the minor variant as a language mitigation tool that intervenes in the production, circulation and reception of images and texts in different social practices.
Partiendo de dos supuestos, 1) el lenguaje es en esencia político, no esencialmente comunicativo e informativo (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980), y 2) el lenguaje interviene en la forma en que se organizan, representan, defienden o combaten las prácticas sociales (Magalhães, Martinz, & Resende, 2017), el objetivo de este artículo es presentar la variante menor como herramienta conceptual y política de las minorías en la contemporaneidad. Para ello, describimos relaciones entre los conceptos "mayoría", "minoría" y "devenir-minoría" (Deleuze, 1979), para el estudio del funcionamiento de la variante menor. Con base en estos conceptos, fomentamos una discusión sobre lenguas mayores y menores en Brasil (Deleuze, 2010), y luego trasladamos esta discusión a la literatura, con base en el concepto de "literatura menor" (Deleuze & Guattari, 1975). Finalmente, presentamos el problema del lenguaje como consigna (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980). Concluimos la discusión proponiendo la variante menor como una herramienta de mitigación del lenguaje que interviene en la producción, circulación y recepción de imágenes y textos en diferentes prácticas sociales.
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Objective:To carry out experiential and service-learning social practice activities among nursing undergraduates, and evaluate the effects.Methods:From September to December 2020, 21 junior college students were recruited from School of Nursing of Fudan University. They carried out 3 social practice services of rehabilitation training for autistic children under the guidance of professional rehabilitation teachers from the social practice base for special children. The effects of social practice were evaluated by summative evaluation, questionnaire survey and focus group interview at the end of the activity.Results:The nursing students provided a total of 66 times of volunteer services for autistic children and other special children, with a total length of 132 hours within a month. The final evaluation score of nursing students was (92.10 ± 2.10) points, 9 (42.9%) nursing students had a very satisfied sense of achievement, and 20 (95.3%) nursing students had a high overall satisfaction with social practice activities. There were two themes of practice harvest and practice reflection, of which practice harvest included three sub-themes of changing disease cognition, enhancing learning initiative and enhancing humanistic care concept, and practice reflection included three sub-themes of carrying out personalized rehabilitation training, improving practical service quality and establishing effective service evaluation system.Conclusions:It is necessary to change education and teaching concept, strengthen practice base construction, innovate practice teaching mode, and combine theoretical knowledge, professional skills with social service, so as to promote students′ all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor.
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Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo develar las representaciones sociales de mujeres víctimas, agresores y prestatarios/as de servicios legitimadoras de violencia de pareja desde la estructura de género y práctica social en el distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, con diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico y teoría de representaciones sociales, que empleó como técnicas entrevistas a profundidad y análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos mostraron que la violencia para regular comportamiento, validación por celotipia, medidas conciliatorias y el supuesto agrado de las mujeres son formas legitimadoras de violencia en parejas heterosexuales. Se concluye que esta violencia se ha legitimado y naturalizado por el anclaje de representaciones, estereotipos y creencias, que ratifican el control de los hombres sobre las mujeres, en especial de su sexualidad y su cuerpo, como cosas de propiedad para el deleite y formas de autoridad, poder, control y desigualdad, que, a su vez, son permeadas por el modelo patriarcal.
Abstract This study aimed to show the social representations related to female victims, aggressors and services providers as great legitimizers of violence against women, considering their gender and social practice in Barranquilla, Colombia. This is a qualitative research, with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach and the theory of social representations, which used in depth interviews and content analysis as data collection technique. Findings suggest violence used to regulate behavior, passionate jealousy, conciliatory strategies and the assumed women satisfaction are legal means of violence in heterosexual couples. We conclude this type of violence has been established due to social representations, stereotypes and beliefs that reinforce male dominance, especially over female sexuality and body as properties for their pleasure and forms of authority, power, control and inequality, which are imposed by the patriarchal model.
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Humans , Male , Female , Spouse Abuse , Power, Psychological , Violence Against WomenABSTRACT
Los estilos de vida, considerados patrones de comportamiento influyen en la salud de la población, y los hábitos alimentarios uno de sus componentes. El habitus bajo la forma de disposiciones durables es construido sobre la base de la cultura correspondida con determinado tipo de conocimientos, ideas, valores, habilidades, entre otras. Las condiciones comunes que caracterizan algunas prácticas sociales como los hábitos alimentarios generados por el habitus son en consecuencia los estilos de vida saludables, prioritarios en "La promoción de la salud "contemplada en la Carta de Ottawa. Se sondea puntos de vista de autores como Pierre Bourdieu y Michael Foucault quienes contribuyen significativamente a desplegar sentires de como a través de la experiencia y de las prácticas se forman los modos y estilos de vida en particular de importancia para la salud. En este documento se pretende describir algunas consideraciones que resaltan la importancia de los estilos de vida saludable como procesos sociales que favorecen la Salud Pública, en especial aquellos relacionados con la práctica social de los hábitos alimentarios(AU)
Lifestyles, considered patterns of behavior influence the health of the population, and eating habits one of its components. the habitus in the form of durable arrangements is built on the basis of the culture matched with a certain type of knowledge, ideas, values, skills, among others. the common conditions that characterize some social practices such as the eating habits generated by the habitus are consequently the healthy lifestyles, priority in "the promotion of health" contemplated in the Ottawa Charter. the points of view of authors such as Pierre Bourdieu and Michael Foucault are explored, who contribute significantly to displaying sentiments of how, through experience and practices, modes and lifestyles are particularly important for health. this document aims to describe some considerations that highlight the importance of healthy lifestyles as social processes that favor public health, especially those related to the social practice of eating habits(AU)
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Humans , Feeding Behavior , Healthy Lifestyle , Public HealthABSTRACT
RESUMO Este artigo busca investigar o papel do corpo na adoção de práticas sociais sustentáveis. Apoiando-se nas Teorias das Práticas Sociais, aponta para o papel da rotinização na manutenção de estilos de vida insustentáveis. Com base em um estudo de caso realizado em uma ecovila brasileira, demonstra que a existência de valores ambientais não leva as pessoas a automaticamente modificarem os seus comportamentos. A mudança das práticas cotidianas exige a modificação de hábitos e automatismos incorporados pela socialização na sociedade de consumo. A incorporação intencional de novas práticas é um processo que demanda tempo e um trabalho de percepção consciente, sendo facilitada quando existe um esforço explícito e articulado de mudança, compartilhado por um grupo social.
RESUMEN Este artículo pretende investigar el papel del cuerpo en la adopción de prácticas sociales sostenibles. Basándose en las Teorías de las Prácticas Sociales, señala el papel de la rutinización en el mantenimiento de estilos de vida insustentables. Basado en un estudio de caso realizado en una ecoaldea brasilera, demuestra que la existencia de valores ambientales no conduce a las personas a modificar automáticamente sus comportamientos. El cambio de las prácticas diarias exige la modificación de hábitos y automatismos incorporados por la socialización en la sociedad de consumo. La incorporación intencional de nuevas prácticas es un proceso que requiere tiempo y un trabajo de percepción consciente, facilitada cuando hay un esfuerzo explícito y articulado para el cambio, compartido por un grupo social.
ABSTRACT This article investigates the role of the body in the adoption of sustainable social practices. Based on Social Practice Theories, it indicates the role of routinization in the maintenance of unsustainable lifestyles. Grounded in a case study carried out in a Brazilian ecovillage, it shows that the existence of environmental values does not automatically lead people to change their behaviors. The transformation of daily practices demands a change in habits and automatisms embodied through one's socialization in the consumer society. The intentional embodiment of new practices is a process that demands time and a work of conscious perception, facilitated when there is an explicit and articulated change effort, shared by a social group.
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Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Human Ecology , Conservation of Natural Resources , Social Change , Social ValuesABSTRACT
Se analiza el proceso de paz que se adelanta en Colombia entre la insurgencia de las FARCEP y el Gobierno de Colombia, observado desde los enfoques teóricos de los Estudios de laPaz, y desde la perspectiva del movimiento social, argumentando la necesidad de asumir el enfoque epistemológico de la Paz Transformadora y Participativa como vía para propiciar procesos integrales de construcción de paz más allá de la negociación.
Analysis is made of the peace process, which is being held in Colombia between the insurgents of the FARC-EP and the Colombian Government, which is noted from the theoretical approaches of the Studies of Peace and from the perspective of the social movement, arguing the need of assuming the epistemological approach of the Transformative and Participatory Peace as a way to favor integral processes for the construction of peace beyond negotiation.
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Humans , Armed Conflicts , Rural Economy , Colombia , Community ParticipationABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the present situation of social practice of medical students and to analyze its influencing factors, to provide scientific basis for improving students' participation and quality of participation. Methods The survey of 374 medical students of Peking University was conducted in July 2015, using a self-made questionnaire including the cognition of social practice, social practice experience, etc. The sample of students was selected by cluster sampling from 2007 to 2014 grades. There were 370 valid questionnaires; the effective response rate was 98.8%. IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis and ordinal regression analysis. Results 328 persons (88.6%) affirmed the importance of social practice. However, 120 students (32.4%) did not take part in social practice in last school year. There were 357 students participating in social practice during the university. 341 students (95.5%) achieved and even exceeded the practice expectations. Secondly, it depicted the influence factors of students' participation in social practice, including family economic factor, former social practice experience before entering university, and the personal factors which included grade, overall rating scores points, and position. Moreover, factors influencing the quality of their participation included the preparation time of social practice, the output, the awards and the guide teacher. Conclusions It showed that the situation of medical students' participation in social practice was not satisfactory. It sug-gested schools set social practice credit requirements, and strengthen the freshmen education, to establish students' inertia effect of social practice.
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Lack of domestic medical humanistic education in medical schools leads to the low humanistic quali-ty of medical students, but humanistic quality of medical personnel is essential to medical activities. Taking into ac-count the actual domestic medical schools, for medical students, humanistic quality education in social practice should be the only way, which encompasses guiding medical students to pay attention to people′s livelihood, build-ing a social practice brand combined medicine and humanities, and implementing dynamic observation of humanis-tic education.
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Analisa-se a proposta metodológica de Pierre Bourdieu na prática do pesquisar como agir social e como um trabalho de equipe, semelhante ao do esporte. Na proposta metodológica de Bourdieu, à razão teórica, tradicionalmente ligada à pesquisa científica, sobrepõe-se uma racionalidade expressiva, artística, mutável, emergente da pesquisa como construção social, em que os agentes pesquisadores são modificados pelo objeto de pesquisa, tanto quanto modificam o objeto pesquisado durante todo o processo de investigação. Examina-se o papel inovador desta proposta para a investigação científica em ciências humanas, em especial no caso das ciências sociais e humanas na saúde e no campo específico da saúde coletiva.
We analyzed Pierre Bourdieu methodology performed to develop researches in social intervention as a teamwork or a team spirit. This methodology, theoretical reasoning and traditionally related to scientific researches, overlaps an expressive rationality that is artistic, changeable, emerging from researches as a social process. The researchers are touched by the studied object, as long as this object touches the researchers during the investigation process. We looked at a new perspective of this method for a Human Science survey, especially in case of Social and Human sciences related to health and specifically in the Public Health sphere.
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Tianjin Medical University set up the module of Early Clinical Practice in the 2012 year's new curriculum system which takes the teaching mode of combining the in-class curriculum and the extracurricular scientific research as well as the social practice.The in-class curriculum refers to the early contact clinical curriculum,namely making the early contact clinical practice training as a compulsory course,which focuses on the cultivation of students' medical professional ethics and the cultivation of doctor-patient communication ability,health promotion and preventive medicine consciousness,to strengthen students' clinical thinking,clinical research ability and basic skills training.The extracurricular part mainly takes the innovation credit project as the instruction,which will make the social practice,scientific and technological innovation activity project,clinical basic skills training comprehensive,and train students' ability of organization plan,communication and coordination,word expression and scientific research ability.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the researches and guarantee mechanisms of Chinese undergraduate students' social practice, to understand the current situation of college students' social practice and research quality and to provide the reference for the development of college students' social practice guarantee mechanism in China. Methods With the “University” “college students”“social practice” as key words , we retrieved published documents about long-term mechanism of CUSSP dating to March 2014, from Chinese journal full text database(CNKI), China outstanding master's degree thesis database, Chinese Excellent Doctor Degree Dissertation Full-text Database, Wanfang, CMFD, CDFD,VIP, Google and Baidu, etc. We classified the including documents based on evidence-based scientific evidence grading standards, analyzed Grade C and above documents only. Results A total of 22 relevant studies were included; 4 of them are policy studies with Grade B, 18 of them are cross-sectional studies with grade C. The studies showed: ①The policy studies give important sugges-tions on the content, form, effect, construction and evaluation system of long-term mechanism of CUSSP.②18 cross-sectional studies surveyed over 14 504 students' social practice conditions show the method-ology of most of the studies is described unclearly or non-standard however. ③12 studies have inves-tigated the Chinese college students' attitude towards social practice and actual participation, with 5 studies about the time of participation and 5 about the condition of combination with specialty. The undergraduate students can recognize the importance of social practice, however, the range, duration and times of their actual participation are limited, and the combination with their major is not close enough. ④7 studies have investigated the main problems of college students' social practice and 5 studies have investigated the students' satisfaction. At present, there exist many problems in CUSSP, of which the most difficult things are: hard-to-contacting practice units, lack of funds, lack of teacher guidance, hard-to-determining the practical projects etc. The students' overall satisfaction is“general”. Conclusions ①There is lack of high-quality studies about CUSSP, and the methodology of studies should be improved and standardized. ②Strengthening the long-term mechanism and evaluation system construction is urgently needed to ensure that students can conduct long-term, effective and stable social practice.
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Holistic education is an important philosophy of medical education.Medical graduate students can show their skills of medical specialties,improve their abilities of communication and cooperation,and promote their sense of social responsibility through social practice.Through conducting questionnaire among medical graduate students of Peking University Third Hospital who major in internal medicine,we have got to know the effect of social practice on holistic education philosophy.Meanwhile,social practice is a crucial approach to implementing holistic education.
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Objectives To learn the identification status for the practice teaching among the students majoring in preventive medicine in Jiangsu. Methods 832 students majoring in preventive medicine were randomly selected from 5 universities of Jiangsu province in clustering(Nanjing Medical University, South-East University, Suzhou University, Nantong University, Xuzhou Medical College). They were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire about the recognition of significance and effect as well as the absent reasons for the discussion in class, research work and social practice. The data were calibrated and input into the database with Epidata 3.1, then were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. The identification status was described with constituent ratio, and the proportion of the students were analyzed with Chi-square test, in which it was recognize as of significant difference if the P value was less than 0.05. Results It was thought by the students that the ways to increase the interest were research work(757students, 91.0%), discussion in class(507, 60.9%) and social practice(360, 43.3%), the ways to increase the ability were social practice(494, 59.4%), research work(122, 14.7%) and discussion in class(109, 13.1%) successively. But the actual effective ways to increase their interest were social practice(360, 43.3%), discussion in class(128, 15.4%) and research work(100,13.2%), the effective ways to increase the ability were social practice(615, 73.9%), research work(97,11.7%) and discussion in class(92, 11.1%) successively. Only 50.0%of the students agreed with the effect of social practice because they were unable to play a major role, while the recognition of the effect of class discussion and research was also low(less than 20.0%) among some students who were unwilling to participate in class discussion and research work because of their lack of confidence, actual interest or time. Conclusions The identification rate is low among the students. It is suggested that the social practice should be based on the knowledge of the students and the class discussion or research work be designed or arranged carefully so that predicted goal can be achieved.
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Desde los años 70, La practica social de enfermería como objeto de conocimiento ha sido una gran preocupación dentro de la disciplina ya que se establece que esta hace referencia a las experiencias, conocimientos y creencias que resultan útiles para la práctica y que van más allá de una visión estructural de toma de decisiones. El elemento de cognitivo es uno de los factores contextuales, personales y experienciales, por esto el conocimiento que los profesionales tiene de las diversas y complejas situaciones y de los dilemas prácticos a los que se enfrenta y de cómo resolverlos, es el conocimiento empírico que más le aporta a la construcción de conocimiento alrededor de la práctica y a lograr un ejercicio de praxis. El presente estudio se realizo bajo un diseño cualitativo, de tipo interpretativo hermenéutico, utilizando la etnometodología como abordaje metodológico y al análisis de la conversación como herramienta metódica para determinar la practica social de Enfermería. Como conclusión se pudo establecer que la práctica social a partir de las experiencias producidas por los agentes sociales o los profesionales de enfermería, en términos de la teoría de la estructuración, no ha logrado su alcance de praxis dado que la relación entre agente, acciones y estructura no se encuentra elucidada en este momento.
Since the 70s, the social practice of nursing as an object of knowledge has been a major concern within the discipline and establishing that this refers to the experiences, knowledge and beliefs that are useful for practice and beyond a structural view of decision-making. The cognitive element is one of the contextual factors, personal and experiential, so the knowledge that professionals have of the various complex situations and practical dilemmas facing and how to solve them, is more empirical knowledge brings to the construction of knowledge about the practice and achieve a period of practice. This study was conducted under a qualitative design hermeneutic interpretive type, using the methodological approach and ethnomethodology and conversation analysis as a methodical tool to determine the social practice of Nursing. In conclusion it was found that social practice from the experiences produced by the social or nurses, in terms of the theory of structuration, has not achieved its scope of practice as the relationship between agent actions and structure is not elucidated at this time.
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Humans , Nursing , Social Interaction , Nursing, Practical , Scope of Practice , NursesABSTRACT
The article reviewed of the origin of the social practice teaching in master of public health(MPH) program and gave the introduction of the social practice in American MPH education. Through the definition, positioning and feedback of specialized social practice in full-time MPH program, we can get some experiences and enlightenments of specialized social practice in full-time MPH educa-tion, which will provide references for social practice teaching in full-time professional degree education.
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Objective To analyze the significance of higher vocational nursing students participating in opening professional social practice,and to explore the effective way of combining social practice with professional learning and clinical practice.Methods After completing the opening professional social practice in summer,the reflection diaries of 30 nursing students were analyzed and the concerns were refined.Questionnaire survey about self assessment of comprehensive effect of the practice of nursing students were conducted.Results Nursing operation and soft skills were mostly concerned by nursing students' in opening professional social practice.Vocational learning,occupation of responsibility,and the occupation ability were improved by practical activities.Conclusions Nursing students who participate in opening professional social practice before clinical work,can re-understand the professional learning,adapt and integrate themselves into clinical practice through the perception of clinical nursing work.
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O presente trabalho propõe, pela noção de prática social, uma alternativa de compreensão da relação entre hipnose e dor crônica. Partindo de uma crítica às pesquisas contemporâneas, são investigadas três importantes zonas de sentido dessa aplicação da hipnose: sua dimensão relacional; a fabricação do fenômeno hipnótico e o conto de histórias. Semelhantes zonas remetem à subjetividade presente em tais processos sociais, uma vez que implica a materialidade das relações, a construção de papéis, a diversidade de expressões do transe e a multiplicidade de sugestões presentes nos contos. Na conclusão, enfatiza-se a importância de que uma compreensão clínica e qualitativa das relações entre hipnose e dores crônicas subsidie as pesquisas com informações pertinentes dessa pratica social, para que os pesquisadores não descaracterizem com metodologias distanciadas de suas características.
This paper proposes an alternative to understand the relationship between hypnosis and chronic pain based on the notion of social practice. Beginning with a critique of contemporary research, this study investigates three important sense zones of this hypnosis application: its relational dimension, the fabrication of the hypnotic phenomenon, and telling stories. Similar zones refer to the subjectivity present in such social processes, since it implies the material aspect of relationships, the construction of roles, the diversity of trance expressions, and the multiplicity of suggestions in stories. The conclusion emphasized the importance of clinical and qualitative understanding of the relationships between hypnosis and chronic pain in supporting research with information pertinent to this social practice, so that researchers do not mischaracterize it with methodologies disconnected from its characteristics.
El presente trabajo propone, a partir de la noción de práctica social, una alternativa de comprensión de la relación entre hipnosis y dolor crónico, partiendo de una crítica a las investigaciones contemporáneas. Investiga tres importantes zonas de sentido de esta aplicación de la hipnosis: su dimensión relacional; la fabricación del fenómeno hipnótico y el cuento de historias. Semejantes zonas remiten a la subjetividad presente en tales procesos sociales, una vez que implica la materialidad de las relaciones, la construcción de papeles, la diversidad de expresiones del trance y la multiplicidad de sugerencias presentes en los cuentos. En la conclusión se enfatiza la importancia de que una comprensión clínica y cualitativa de las relaciones entre hipnosis y dolores crónicos sirva de apoyo a las investigaciones con informaciones pertinentes de esta práctica social, para que los investigadores no quiten el carácter con metodologías distanciadas de sus características.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chronic Pain , HypnosisABSTRACT
Problem-based social practice is organically combined with health education lessons,to improve tobacco control capacity of preventive medicine students,through study in class and social practice after class.The students' awareness rate of tobacco regulations,support rate of smoke-free school,rejecting smoking rate,and lifetime non-smokers rate have significantly increased ( 40％～90％ ) after intervention.The teaching method is adult learning model,and it has effectively enhanced preventive medical students' tobacco control capacity.
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En el presente artículo se resalta la capacidad científica como componente de alto valor para el desarrollo humano, social, económico y tecnológico; el reto que constituyen las investigaciones en salud como vía para mejorar el desempeño, los resultados de los sistemas de salud y la necesidad de aplicar con efectividad, equidad y racionalidad, los avances científicos en la práctica social. Se presenta el modelo cubano de investigaciones para la salud, su vinculación al desarrollo social y científico, sus peculiaridades y sus éxitos, especialmente la fusión armónica y equilibrada de todas las modalidades de la investigación en la práctica médica, en particular en la atención primaria de salud, por lo que contribuye al fortalecimiento y desarrollo de esta estrategia. Queda demostrado el papel que juega el Estado en el desarrollo científico del país y su contribución al campo de la salud y a sus destacados resultados
The present article highlighted the scientific capacity as a very valuable component of the human, social, economic and technological development; the challenge involved in health research as a way of improving performance; the results of health sub-systems and the need of using effectively, equitably and rationally the scientific advances in social practice. It presented the Cuban health research model, its links to social and scientific development, its peculiarities and successes, the harmonic and balanced fusion of all the research modalities in medical practice, particularly in primary health care, thus supporting the strengthening and development of this strategy. There has been proved the role of the state in the domestic scientific development and its contribution to public health and to outstanding results in this field