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1.
Rev. CES psicol ; 11(1): 118-133, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976909

ABSTRACT

Abstract Specific behaviors and attitudes shown by people participating in an organization's projects have contributed to their success and have constituted a subculture (Kendra & Taplin, 2004; Morrison, Brown & Smit, 2006; Stare, 2012). The relationship between culture and project effectiveness has been studied by individualizing some cultural traits or by using constructs that need to be complemented (Stare, 2012). With the purpose of constructing a model that groups these cultural aspects, the present investigation took the constructivism as epistemological reference and used like method of application, the constructivist grounded theory. It was based on the literature review and the constrastation between the theory and the reality of the projects, through questionnaires and interviews with project leaders, team members and project stakeholders in 82 organizations located in Bogota, Colombia, belonging to different sectors of the industry. Patterns of attitudes and behaviors were determined and allowed to design a conceptual model of four dimensions: governance, learning, relationship between stakeholders and organizational integration. The dimensions group eight categories and thirty two cultural variables. The study extends the theory in organizational culture and in project management. At the practical level, it provides a framework that helps organizations identify the cultural aspects that need to be improved to achieve more successful projects. Future research can be oriented to statistically validate the model and establish its relationship with indicators of project effectiveness.


Resumen Comportamientos y actitudes específicos mostrados por personas que participan en los proyectos de una organización han contribuido a su éxito y han constituido una subcultura (Kendra & Taplin, 2004; Morrison, Brown, & Smit, 2006; Stare, 2012). La relación entre cultura y efectividad de los proyectos ha sido estudiada identificando algunos rasgos culturales o usando constructos que requiren ser complementados (Stare, 2012). Con el propósito de construir un modelo que agrupe estos aspectos culturales, la presente investigación tomó el constructivismo como referencia epistemológica y utilizó como método de aplicación, la teoría fundamentada constructivista. Se partió de la revisión de la literatura y la constrastación entre la teoría y la realidad de los proyectos, mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas a líderes de proyecto, integrantes de equipo y funcionarios relacionados con la gestión de los proyectos en 82 organizaciones ubicadas en Bogotá, Colombia, pertenecientes a diferentes sectores de la industria. Se determinaron patrones de actitudes y conductas que permitieron diseñar un modelo conceptual de cuatro dimensiones: gobernabilidad, aprendizaje, relacionamiento entre grupos de interés e integración organizacional. Las dimensiones agrupan ocho categorías y treinta y dos variables culturales. El estudio extiende la teoría en cultura organizacional y en gestión de proyectos. A nivel práctico, provee un marco de referencia que ayuda a las organizaciones a identificar los aspectos culturales que se deben mejorar para obtener proyectos más exitosos. Futuras investigaciones pueden orientarse a validar estadísticamente el modelo y establecer su relación con indicadores de efectividad de los proyectos.

2.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 26(2): 245-262, jul.-dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900785

ABSTRACT

Resumen El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es una afección frecuente, con alta variabilidad en su preva lencia a través de contextos, y de interés por la repercusión que tiene sobre el desempeño escolar de quienes la padecen. Se exploraron las construcciones simbólicas que hacen diferentes actores acerca de niños diagnosticados con TDAH. Con tal fin se realizaron entrevistas abiertas de tipo semántico y episódico a 31 participantes bogotanos, distribuidos en gru pos de maestros, padres y niños. Estas entrevistas fueron abordadas desde una perspectiva de análisis de discurso. Los resultados mostraron que el TDAH se reconstruye, a partir de la perspectiva del observador y del contexto, en términos de problema hereditario y de fallas en las prácticas de crianza. Por su parte, para los niños, el diagnóstico es un evento importante en la construcción de su subjetividad.


Summary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a frequent condition, with its prevalence highly variable according to contexts and of interest because of its repercussions on school performance. The article explores the symbolic construc tions made by the different actors regarding children diagnosed with ADHD. To this end, we carried out open semantic and episodic interviews with 31 teachers, parents and children in Bogota. These interviews were approached from the perspective of discourse analysis. The results show that ADHD is reconstructed from the perspective of the observer and context in terms of hereditary problems and failures in nurturance. For children, the diagnosis is an important event in the construction of their subjectivity.


Resumo O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma afetação frequente, com alta variabilidade em sua prevalência por meio de contextos e de interesse pela repercussão que tem sobre o desempenho escolar dos que o padecem. Exploram-se as construções simbólicas que diferentes atores fazem acerca de crianças diagnosticadas com TDAH. Com esse propósito, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas de tipo semântico e episódico a 31 participantes de Bogotá (Colômbia), distribuídos em grupos de professores, pais e crianças. Essas entrevistas foram abordadas sob uma perspectiva do observador e do contexto, em termos de problema hereditário e de falhas nas práticas de educação. Por sua vez, para as crianças, o diagnóstico é um evento importante na construção de sua subjetividade.

3.
Fractal rev. psicol ; 28(1): 127-133, jan.-abr. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: lil-779064

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura do livro Budapeste, de Chico Buarque de Hollanda, baseada na psicologia social construcionista. Partindo de considerações sobre a história narrada e seus protagonistas, sobre autoria, narrativa, obra, identidade, língua e linguagem, procuramos evidenciar em Budapeste alguns fundamentos do construcionismo social tais como a importância da linguagem e de práticas discursivas na construção social de si e dos outros. Como principal resultado surge um intertexto criado no encontro de narrativas de duas línguas: a da literatura e a da ciência; muitas vezes tão estranhas entre si como o húngaro e o português.(AU)


Abstract This work is an analysis of the book Budapest by Chico Buarque de Hollanda, based on constructionist social psychology. Through some considerations on the book´s story and its characters, authorship, storytelling, literary work, identity, language and speech, our aim is to find in the book Budapest some fundamental concepts of social constructivism, such as the importance of language and of discourse practices in the social construction of ourselves, and in that of other people. As a result, there is combination of the interaction of two narrative languages: that of literature and that of science, which are sometimes as apart as two languages such as Hungarian and Portuguese.(AU)


Subject(s)
Literature , Narration , Psychology, Social
4.
Pensando fam ; 18(2): 108-123, dez. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747835

ABSTRACT

Sabe-se que as redes sociais pessoais são essenciais na construção da subjetividade e da identidade, além de enriquecerem a percepção de cada indivíduo, enquanto ser social. Partindo disso, o presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma investigação qualitativa sobre a percepção de quatro psicólogas e terapeutas de família acerca do uso da rede social pessoal na prática profissional. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semiestruturada e, analisadas conforme a Análise de Conteúdo. Dentre os resultados, salienta-se o fato das participantes relacionarem a temática das redes sociais pessoais com sua prática clínica, bem como definirem suas próprias redes sociais como depositárias de identidade, de cuidado e de responsabilidade pelo outro. Os conceitos e percepções trazidas compreendem as redes sociais pessoais como favorecedoras de habilidades geradoras das práticas sociais, da visão de mundo e de cada indivíduo, sendo compreendidas como ferramenta na prática clínica na contemporaneidade.(AU)


The relationships which give meaning to our lives, and which we name personal social networks, compose an essential part of our identity, at the same time as they enrich our perception of ourselves as social beings. Parting from this point, the present qualitative research has focused on the perception of the importance of the personal social network. Four psychologists and family therapists have taken part in the research. The information was collected from semi-structured interviews and has been analyzed according to Content Analysis. Among the discussions, special emphasis has been given to the relation of the theme with their clinical practice. The process gave us a clear idea of how much our social networks contribute to our social practice, to our vision of the world and of ourselves.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Social Identification , Family Therapy/methods , Social Networking , Psychology/education , Curriculum/trends
5.
Medical Education ; : 121-134, 2014.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-378105

ABSTRACT

 The theoretical framework for interprofessional education is drawn from a number of academic disciplines. To put theory into practice, it is necessary to analyze major theories and use metacognitive frameworks focusing on the micro, meso, and macro levels.<br> As major theories, social constructivism and social capital were introduced. Social constructivism emphasizes the necessity of interaction with the social environment and proposes that persons play a large role in cognitive development. In social capital, people tend to share a common idea as “the social network has value.”<br> On the basis of social welfare theory, we have described several theories focusing on the micro, meso, and macro levels. In micro-level analysis, successful application of adult learning theory, or andragogy, is a key mechanism for well-received interprofessional education. In addition, contact theory provides appropriate ways to reduce prejudice between members of a group, and social identity theory provides a concept for explaining intergroup behavior. In meso-level analysis, team learning, the theory of cooperation, activity theory, and Tuckman’s team development model were introduced. In macro-level analysis, we explained that healthcare professionals are socialized in complex systems focusing on organizational learning or practice.<br> Finally, the literature for interprofessional education focusing on a metacognitive framework was introduced. We expect that, through multifaceted reflection over time, a theoretical framework for multidisciplinary cooperation will be developed.

6.
Psicol. argum ; 31(74): 483-494, jul.-set. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-745354

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho constitui um estudo bibliográfico que propõe uma análise compreensiva dos enfoques construtivista e socioconstrutivista na educação brasileira e suas implicações na profissão docente. Com esse propósito, detemo-nos na análise e discussão desses dois grandes núcleoscomo geradores de questionamentos sobre a complexidade real do contexto educacional. O primeiro, o construtivismo, surge como consequência das discussões negativas a respeito do papel reprodutivista da escola; o segundo, o socioconstrutivismo, vem como uma nova perspectiva teórica,como uma tentativa de solucionar os problemas educacionais não resolvidos pelo construtivismo. Infelizmente, os docentes nem sempre conseguem tirar suficiente proveito dos resultados dessasconcepções psicológicas e a realidade de nossas escolas continua dominada pela cultura pedagógica tradicional.


The present paper is a bibliographic study proposing an understanding analysis about the constructivist and social constructivist focus in Brazilian education and its implications in teachingprofession. Based on this purpose, the analysis and discussions about these two great nucleuses as acquirement generation about the real complexity of educational context. First, the constructivism arises as consequence of the negative discussions about the reproductivist school role. Second, the social constructivism comes as a new theatric perspective in order to find solutions to the education problems that weren’t solved by constructivism. Unfortunately, teachers not always get the most out of the result of these psychological conceptions and the reality of our schools goes on controlled by traditional pedagogic culture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Learning , Child , Faculty , Education
7.
Eureka (Asunción, En línea) ; 9(1): 88-97, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-692664

ABSTRACT

La imagen corporal es un concepto psicológico que se refiere a la forma o percepción que las personas tienen de su propio cuerpo. Este tema ha sido trabajado desde la perspectiva neuropsicológica, la psicología cognitiva y el construccionismo social. El objetivo principal de este artículo teórico es discutir el concepto de imagen corporal desde una perspectiva compleja. Específicamente, se abordarán las concepciones de la imagen corporal y el esquema corporal como representaciones corporales que no pueden verse separadas como objetos de estudio. Desde la aplicación de la perspectiva histórico-cultural se evidencia que relaciones entre nuestro cuerpo y nuestro cerebro y lo social, no deben trabajarse de forma fragmentada.


Body image is a psychological concept that refers to people"s perception of their own body. This topic has been discussed from neuropsychological perspective, cognitive psychology and social constructionism. The aim of this article is to discuss the concept of body image from a complex perspective. Specifically, we addressed the concepts of body image and body schema as body representations that can"t be separated as objects of study. Since the implementation of the culturalhistorical perspective, it"s evident that relations between body, brain and the social aspect must not be discussed in a fragmented way.

8.
Gerais ; 3(2): [149-159], 01/12/2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-880570

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os sentidos construídos e negociados por crianças e pesquisadoras a partir de determinados posicionamentos assumidos enquanto conversam durante um exercício denominado "jogando conversa (séria) fora". O estudo foi desenvolvido em praças públicas, com quatro participantes, sendo três meninos e uma menina, com idade variando entre quatro e sete anos. A análise compreendeu quatro temas, a saber: 1) Descobrindo crianças "perguntadeiras"; 2) "Pergunta é pra conversar": discutindo uma ferramenta de pesquisa com crianças; 3) Negociação de sentidos; e 4) Pesquisador em formação. O enquadramento relacional específico utilizado neste estudo possibilitou reconhecer a potencialidade das descobertas durante a conversa com as crianças e, ainda, permitiu refletir sobre como colaboramos, como pesquisadores-adultos, com o processo de constituição da infância e da pesquisa com crianças.


The objective of this research is to analyze the meanings built and negotiated by children and researchers from certain positions assumed while talking during an exercise called "shooting the (serious) breeze". The study was developed in public squares, with four participants, three boys and a girl, aged between four and seven. The analysis included four themes, as follows: 1) Discovering "inquiring" children; 2) "Questions are meant for conversation": discussing a research tool with children; 3) Negotiation of meanings; and 4) researcher under training. The specific relational framing used in this study made it possible to recognize the potentiality of the findings while talking with the children and allowed a reflection about how we collaborate, as adult researchers, with the process of constitution of childhood and research with children.

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