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Objective:To study the application of scenario simulation teaching combined with modular training in nursing education of medical rescue in manned space flight.Methods:Twenty nurses from the medical rescue team of Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center were selected as the research objects. The research objects were randomly divided into the scenario simulation combined with practical training group (practical training group, n=10) and traditional teaching group (control group, n=10). Scenario simulation teaching combined with modular training and traditional teaching were used to carry out nursing training. After the training, theoretical assessment, operation assessment and satisfaction survey were organized. Results:The scenario simulation teaching combined with modular training group was significantly better than the traditional training group in theory assessment, operation assessment and satisfaction survey of nursing staff (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Scenario simulation teaching combined with modular training has obvious teaching effect, which can improve the ability and quality of nursing staff, and help to complete the manned space medical rescue mission efficiently.
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Unique factors in the space environment can cause dysbiosis of astronauts' gut microbiota and its metabolites, which may exert systematic physiological effects on human body. Recent progress regarding the effect of space flight/simulated space environment (SF/SPE) on the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites was reviewed in this paper. SF/SPE may cause the increase of invasive pathogenic bacteria and the decrease of beneficial bacteria, aggravating intestinal inflammation and increasing intestinal permeability. SF/SPE may also cause the decrease of beneficial metabolites or the increase of harmful metabolites of gut microbiota, leading to metabolism disorder in vivo, or inducing damage of other systems, thus not beneficial to the health and working efficiency of astronauts. Summarizing the effects of SF/SPE on gut microbiota may provide scientific basis for further researches in this field and the on-orbit health protection of astronauts.
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Humans , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Dysbiosis/microbiology , Bacteria/metabolismABSTRACT
Maintaining health in microgravity and overcoming environmental hazards such as cosmic radiation are essential for long-term space flight. Recent studies have focused on the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in altered gravity using cell-based or in vivo mouse model systems. HIF-1alpha and its target downstream gene expression are differentially expressed in hypergravity and microgravity. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanism of HIF-1alpha involvement is still unclear. Herein, we analyzed the 2019 Science paper by Garrett-Bakelman and coauthors in which NASA performed multidimensional analyses of long-term human spaceflight in identical twin astronauts. Correlations were found between the expression of HIF-1alpha related cytokines and prolonged space flight. We hypothesize that HIF-1alpha is a molecular target for the development of therapeutics to prevent the detrimental effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on astronauts during long-term space flight.
Mantener la salud en microgravedad y superar los peligros ambientales como la radiación cósmica son esenciales para los vuelos espaciales a largo plazo. Estudios recientes se han centrado en la participación del factor inducible por hipoxia (HIF) -1 en la gravedad alterada utilizando sistemas de modelos de ratones basados en células o in vivo. HIF-1alpha y su expresión génica secuencial objetivo se expresan diferencialmente en hipergravedad y microgravedad. Sin embargo, el mecanismo molecular subyacente de la participación de HIF-1alpha aún no está claro. Aquí, analizamos el artículo de Ciencia de 2019 de Garrett-Bakelman y coautores en el que la NASA realizó análisis multidimensionales de vuelos espaciales humanos a largo plazo en astronautas gemelos idénticos. Se encontraron correlaciones entre la expresión de citoquinas relacionadas con HIF-1alpha y el vuelo espacial prolongado. Presumimos que HIF-1alpha es un objetivo molecular para el desarrollo de terapias para prevenir los efectos perjudiciales de la microgravedad y la radiación cósmica en los astronautas durante los vuelos espaciales a largo plazo.
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Resumen En el siglo veinte, el estudio del universo y el desarrollo de los vuelos espaciales fueron posibles gracias al avance tecnológico de naves de propulsión por diferentes tipos de cohetes. Muchos sistemas biológicos se afectan en los vuelos espaciales y se ha demostrado que en un ambiente de microgravedad se altera de manera significativa la función musculoesquelética, neurosensitiva, endócrina, renal, respiratoria y cardiovascular, además del riesgo de lesión debido a la exposición a diferentes tipos de radiación, eventos que comprometen la salud y rendimiento de los astronautas. Por lo anterior es fundamental mantener la salud y acondicionamiento físico de los astronautas durante el vuelo espacial para facilitar y acelerar su recuperación al llegar a la tierra.
Abstract Until the twentieth century, study about the universe and speculation about the nature of spaceflight were no closely related to the technical developments that led to rocket propulsión. Many biological systems are adversely affected by space flight and It has been shown that exposure to microgravity can alter the musculoskeletal, neurosensory, endocrine, renal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems and the risk of injury due to radiation exposure resulting in deconditioning that may compromise astronauts health and performance. Maintainig health and fitness during space missions is critical for preserving performance during misión specific tasks and to optimize terrestrial recovery.
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Objective: To analyze the crude drug of Cistanche deserticola from different sources and to supply some references for the quality control, collection, and processing of C. deserticola. Methods: HPLC-UV method was used to determine the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside, while HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine the content of galactitol. According to the content differences of these compounds, the influences of habitat, processing method, growing period, and space flight on the quality of C. deserticola had been discussed. Results: There were great differences among the samples from various sources. The quality of the crude drugs from the genuine producing areas, such as Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang was better than that from Ningxia. The influences of processing methods were different for the three constituents, the drying method for first killing the enzymes was better to echinacoside and verbascoside, the traditional drying method was better to galactitol. The contents of the active constituents in the crude drug underground > those growing above the ground before florescence > those in florescence > those after florescence. The content of verbascoside was higher in C. deserticola carried by space flight than that not carried by space flight, but the contents of echinacoside and galactitol were almost same. Conclusion: This method supplies a comprehensive analysis of C. deserticola, which could be used for the quality control, collection and processing of C. deserticola.
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Objective To compare the effects of location and orientation training on the improvement of visual motor coordination under up down reversed vision, provide reference for the preventation of space motion sickness and the design of adaptation training for sensory conflict. Method Sixteen subjects were instructed to complete the maze task wearing the up down reversing prism spectacle before and after the location training and the orientation training. Both trainings lasted 30 minutes respectively. The error rate and the executing time during the maze test were analyzed and compared. Results Both trainings significantly decreased the error rate and the executing time. In addition, the results of different training methods had significant difference, and the effects of the orientation training was better than that of the location training under up-down reversed vision. Conclusions Under the sensory conflict environment arising from the visual change, the adaptation induced by some task training could also be of benefit to some other task training so as to improve the ability of visual-motor coordination and the adaption to the sensory conflict. However, different trainings could have various degrees of improvement.
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Manned space environmental simulation technology is a very important branch of Space Medico-Engineering.After introducing the principles and methods of manned space environmental simulation technology,the current development of artificial atmosphere environment,space environment,dynamic environment,weightlessness environment and products of manned space environmental simulation technology were reviewed.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the condition and method of a long time mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) culture with outer space cell living system carried by a recoverable satellite.MethodsMSCs were obtained from 1 week New Zealand rabbits, and seeded to culture flask and outer space cell living system. Under the condition of absence O2, CO2 and medium unable changed, influence of monolayer culture and outer space cell living system upon survival of long time MSCs culture in simulated space various temperature was observed.ResultsUnder the condition of absence O2, CO2 and medium unable changed, monolayer cultured MSCs were maintained to survive for 15 days, and group of space MSCs were successfully maintained to survive for 30 days in outer space cell living system. There was a significant difference between two methods. ConclusionOuter space cell living system can maintain MSCs to survive for 30 days under space flight temperature.
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Objective To explore a space craft precooling temperature at which excessive thermal stress on the crew member could be prevented or reduced in an overheated launch or reentry module. Method Five young male volunteers wearing a space suit participated in 25 tests at sea level.The space suit was either ventilated in a volume air flow rate of 100 L/min (STPD) with ambient air at temperatures (Ta) of 15℃,10℃,and 5℃,respectively,or not ventilated. Rectal (Tr),mean skin (Tsk) and mean body (Tb) temperatures were measured. Result At Ta 15℃,Tr decreased without significance (from 37.0±0.2℃to 36.7±0.3℃) in 120-min tests,whereas Tsk and Tb decreased significantly,and subjects had local cold strain whether the space suit was ventilated or not; while at Ta 10℃,Tr decreased from 37.0±0.3℃ to 36.3±0.3℃(P<0.05),subjects had a whole body cold strain,and both Tsk and Tb dropped continuously and significantly. Conclusion Ambient temperature 15℃,at which the thermal comfort states of crew was not significantly degraded,was acceptable after precooling in a space craft.