ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the performance of spirometry examination in adults aged ≥40 years and provide evidence for the improvement of comprehensive prevention and control of COPD and the evaluation on the effects of current prevention and control measures.Methods The study subjects were those included in national COPD surveillance in China during 2014-2015.The surveillance used a multi-stage,stratified cluster sampling strategy and a total of 125 surveillance points in 31 provinces were covered.A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years received a questionnaire survey in face to face interviews to collect the information about their acceptance of spirometry examination in previous years.The estimated rate (95％CI) of spirometry examination was calculated based on complex sampling weight design.Results A total of 74 591 subjects were included in the analyses.The estimated rate of spirometry examination was 4.5％ (95％CI:3.7％-5.2％),and it was significantly higher in men than in women (P＜0.001),in urban population than in rural population (P＜0.001).The rate of spirometry examination increased with the increase of education level (P＜ 0.001).The rate of spirometry examination was highest in retirees (10.8％,95％CI:8.2％-13.3％),and lowest in those working in the industry of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery and water conservancy (2.4％,95％CI:2.0％-2.9％).The rate of spirometry examination was high in those with previous chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms,i.e.13.4％ (95％ CI:10.5％-16.4％) and 15.0％ (95％ CI:10.5％-19.4％) respectively.The rate of spirometry examination in former smokers was 7.4％ (95％ CI:6.0％-8.8％),slightly higher than those in current smokers and never smokers,4.7％ (95％ CI:3.9％-5.5％) and 3.9％ (95％ CI:3.0％-4.7％),respectively.In different population groups,the rate of spirometry examination was lowest in rural population who had received no formal education (1.8％,95％ CI:1.2％-2.3％) and highest in urban population with respiratory symptoms (20.2％,95％ CI:12.6％-27.8％).Conclusion The rate of spirometry examination is extremely low in adults aged ≥40 years in China,therefore effective measures should be taken to increase the rate of spirometry examination in adults in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the awareness of knowledge about COPD and related factors in residents aged ≥40 years in China.Methods Through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,residents aged ≥40 years were selected from 125 sites of COPD surveillance (2014-2015) in 31 provinces of China for a facc to face questionnaire survey.The demographic characteristics and awareness rate of knowledge about COPD among 75 082 subjects were described as frequency and percentage.The awareness rate of knowledge about COPD and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) among the residents aged ≥40 years were estimated with complicated sampling weights.Meanwhile,the knowledge awareness related factors were screened in complicated sampling data.Results The awareness rate of COPD was 9.2％.The awareness rate of pulmonary function test was 3.6％ and the awareness rate of COPD-related knowledge was 5.8％.All of the awareness rates were associated with gender,age,education level and occupation.Besides,the awareness rate of pulmonary function test and COPD-related knowledge were related with living area.Compared with females,the ORs of the three awareness rates among males were 0.88,0.81 and 0.78.Compared with the residents aged ≥70 years,the ORs of the three awareness rates among those aged 60-69 years were 1.28,1.08 and 1.51.Compared with the residents with education level of primary school or below,the ORs of the three awareness rates among those with college degree or above were 2.28,3.43 and 3.14.The OR of the awareness rate of pulmonary function test among the residents in the eastern area was 1.77 compared with those in the central area.The ORs of the awareness rate of COPD-related knowledge among the residents in the eastern and western areas were 1.95 and 2.16 compared with those in the central area (all above P＜0.05).Among COPD symptoms,the awareness rate of dyspnea was highest (67.9％),and among the risk factors for COPD,the awareness rate of smoking was highest (81.3％).The source of awareness of COPD for most residents was television program (38.2％).Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge about COPD was low in residents aged ≥40 years in China in 2014.It is necessary to strengthen the health education about COPD to improve the prevention and control of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the distribution and characteristics of people aged ≥ 40 years who are at high risk of COPD in China and provide evidence for COPD prevention and control.Methods The survey was conducted among the subjects selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China for 2014-2015 national chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance.A total of 75 107 people aged ≥ 40 years in 125 surveillance points were surveyed in face to face interviews.Subjects who met at least one of the following conditions,including chronic respiratory symptoms,exposure to risk factors,medical history of respiratory diseases,and family history,were defined as population at high risk.The weighted proportion of the population at high risk of COPD and 95％ CI were estimated by using complex sampling design.Results Among eligible 74 296 subjects,the proportion of population at high risk of COPD was 89.5％ (95％CI:87.8％-91.2％).The proportion significantly increased with age (P＜0.001).The proportion of the population at high risk was significantly higher in men than in women (P＜0.001),and in rural area than in urban area (P＜0.001).The highest proportion of population at high risk was observed in men in rural area in western China.The proportion of population at high risk of COPD who met at least two conditions was 32.0％ (95％CI:29.7％-34.2％),the proportion of those who met at least three conditions was 7.4％ (95％CI:6.6％-8.3％),and the proportion of those who met all the conditions was 1.5％ (95％CI:1.2％-1.8％).Among population at high risk of COPD,those who only had exposure to one risk factor accounted for 61.7％ (95％ CI:59.8％-63.7％).Conclusion About 90％ of people aged ≥40 years in China are at high risk for COPD.It is necessary to conduct population-based screening for COPD and take comprehensive measures to reduce prevalence of risk factors.
ABSTRACT
The first national surveillance of COPD in mainland China was carried out in 2014,with the nationally representative data obtained.The national surveillance was significantly important for the monitoring of prevalence,risk factors,and changing trend of COPD among Chinese adults aged ≥ 40.The surveillance was also important in the development of national COPD prevention and control policy,the evaluation of prevention and control progress,the establishment of COPD comprehensive surveillance system,and the building of a professional COPD monitoring and prevention team.In this editorial,we briefly introduced the method and content of COPD surveillance,and reported the rate of spirometry examination and COPD awareness among adults aged ≥40 in China.We also analyzed the rate of main risk factors for COPD,such as tobacco smoking,occupational exposure to dust or chemical and indoor exposure to biomass or coal,and the distribution of high-risk population.This study provided fundamental data for the prevention and control of COPD in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the performance of spirometry examination in adults aged ≥40 years and provide evidence for the improvement of comprehensive prevention and control of COPD and the evaluation on the effects of current prevention and control measures.Methods The study subjects were those included in national COPD surveillance in China during 2014-2015.The surveillance used a multi-stage,stratified cluster sampling strategy and a total of 125 surveillance points in 31 provinces were covered.A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years received a questionnaire survey in face to face interviews to collect the information about their acceptance of spirometry examination in previous years.The estimated rate (95％CI) of spirometry examination was calculated based on complex sampling weight design.Results A total of 74 591 subjects were included in the analyses.The estimated rate of spirometry examination was 4.5％ (95％CI:3.7％-5.2％),and it was significantly higher in men than in women (P＜0.001),in urban population than in rural population (P＜0.001).The rate of spirometry examination increased with the increase of education level (P＜ 0.001).The rate of spirometry examination was highest in retirees (10.8％,95％CI:8.2％-13.3％),and lowest in those working in the industry of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery and water conservancy (2.4％,95％CI:2.0％-2.9％).The rate of spirometry examination was high in those with previous chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms,i.e.13.4％ (95％ CI:10.5％-16.4％) and 15.0％ (95％ CI:10.5％-19.4％) respectively.The rate of spirometry examination in former smokers was 7.4％ (95％ CI:6.0％-8.8％),slightly higher than those in current smokers and never smokers,4.7％ (95％ CI:3.9％-5.5％) and 3.9％ (95％ CI:3.0％-4.7％),respectively.In different population groups,the rate of spirometry examination was lowest in rural population who had received no formal education (1.8％,95％ CI:1.2％-2.3％) and highest in urban population with respiratory symptoms (20.2％,95％ CI:12.6％-27.8％).Conclusion The rate of spirometry examination is extremely low in adults aged ≥40 years in China,therefore effective measures should be taken to increase the rate of spirometry examination in adults in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the awareness of knowledge about COPD and related factors in residents aged ≥40 years in China.Methods Through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,residents aged ≥40 years were selected from 125 sites of COPD surveillance (2014-2015) in 31 provinces of China for a facc to face questionnaire survey.The demographic characteristics and awareness rate of knowledge about COPD among 75 082 subjects were described as frequency and percentage.The awareness rate of knowledge about COPD and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) among the residents aged ≥40 years were estimated with complicated sampling weights.Meanwhile,the knowledge awareness related factors were screened in complicated sampling data.Results The awareness rate of COPD was 9.2％.The awareness rate of pulmonary function test was 3.6％ and the awareness rate of COPD-related knowledge was 5.8％.All of the awareness rates were associated with gender,age,education level and occupation.Besides,the awareness rate of pulmonary function test and COPD-related knowledge were related with living area.Compared with females,the ORs of the three awareness rates among males were 0.88,0.81 and 0.78.Compared with the residents aged ≥70 years,the ORs of the three awareness rates among those aged 60-69 years were 1.28,1.08 and 1.51.Compared with the residents with education level of primary school or below,the ORs of the three awareness rates among those with college degree or above were 2.28,3.43 and 3.14.The OR of the awareness rate of pulmonary function test among the residents in the eastern area was 1.77 compared with those in the central area.The ORs of the awareness rate of COPD-related knowledge among the residents in the eastern and western areas were 1.95 and 2.16 compared with those in the central area (all above P＜0.05).Among COPD symptoms,the awareness rate of dyspnea was highest (67.9％),and among the risk factors for COPD,the awareness rate of smoking was highest (81.3％).The source of awareness of COPD for most residents was television program (38.2％).Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge about COPD was low in residents aged ≥40 years in China in 2014.It is necessary to strengthen the health education about COPD to improve the prevention and control of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the distribution and characteristics of people aged ≥ 40 years who are at high risk of COPD in China and provide evidence for COPD prevention and control.Methods The survey was conducted among the subjects selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China for 2014-2015 national chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance.A total of 75 107 people aged ≥ 40 years in 125 surveillance points were surveyed in face to face interviews.Subjects who met at least one of the following conditions,including chronic respiratory symptoms,exposure to risk factors,medical history of respiratory diseases,and family history,were defined as population at high risk.The weighted proportion of the population at high risk of COPD and 95％ CI were estimated by using complex sampling design.Results Among eligible 74 296 subjects,the proportion of population at high risk of COPD was 89.5％ (95％CI:87.8％-91.2％).The proportion significantly increased with age (P＜0.001).The proportion of the population at high risk was significantly higher in men than in women (P＜0.001),and in rural area than in urban area (P＜0.001).The highest proportion of population at high risk was observed in men in rural area in western China.The proportion of population at high risk of COPD who met at least two conditions was 32.0％ (95％CI:29.7％-34.2％),the proportion of those who met at least three conditions was 7.4％ (95％CI:6.6％-8.3％),and the proportion of those who met all the conditions was 1.5％ (95％CI:1.2％-1.8％).Among population at high risk of COPD,those who only had exposure to one risk factor accounted for 61.7％ (95％ CI:59.8％-63.7％).Conclusion About 90％ of people aged ≥40 years in China are at high risk for COPD.It is necessary to conduct population-based screening for COPD and take comprehensive measures to reduce prevalence of risk factors.
ABSTRACT
The first national surveillance of COPD in mainland China was carried out in 2014,with the nationally representative data obtained.The national surveillance was significantly important for the monitoring of prevalence,risk factors,and changing trend of COPD among Chinese adults aged ≥ 40.The surveillance was also important in the development of national COPD prevention and control policy,the evaluation of prevention and control progress,the establishment of COPD comprehensive surveillance system,and the building of a professional COPD monitoring and prevention team.In this editorial,we briefly introduced the method and content of COPD surveillance,and reported the rate of spirometry examination and COPD awareness among adults aged ≥40 in China.We also analyzed the rate of main risk factors for COPD,such as tobacco smoking,occupational exposure to dust or chemical and indoor exposure to biomass or coal,and the distribution of high-risk population.This study provided fundamental data for the prevention and control of COPD in China.