ABSTRACT
Bladder cancer is one of the leading malignancies in the world associated with signi?cant morbidity and mortality. About 80% of a bladder cancer is urothelial variant, remaining 20% will have a divergent histological presentation. The pathophysiological study of these variants has recently increased because the therapeutic approach is not uniform for all variants. These variants have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. A molecular and genetic study of these variants will allow them to be better de?ned. Here we present four cases of Histological variants of bladder tumors with varying presentations in the department of urology, Madurai medical college, which is studied over the period of one year (2022-2023).
ABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de mujer postmenopáusica, goajira, sin criterios de riesgo para adenocarcinoma del endometrio, que mediante el legrado uterino por aspiración de piometra se diagnosticó un carcinoma pavimentoso primitivo epitelial del endometrio (CPPEE), por llenar algunos criterios: no invasión al cuello, ni extensión de uno cervical al endometrio, ni la presencia de queratinización de la superficie endometrial y/o puentes intercelulares. No hubo evidencia de presencia de virus de papiloma humano (VPH). Después de la histerectomía se encontró que sí existía un tumor endometrial grado III, estadio IB. compuesto por elementos glandulares y tejido escamoso en ciertas áreas. Tampoco existían criterios para un diagnóstico de ictiosis uterina, infiltrante, sin componente velloso, Hubo confusión en el diagnóstico inicial. La rareza del CPPEE, menos de 100 casos reportados en el mundo, condujo al análisis con varios patólogos. Se concluye que para obtener el diagnóstico correcto, deben llenarse los criterios de Flumman y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, excluir infección del tracto genital por VPH, los estudios de inmunohistoquímica deben ser positivos para queratinas y carecer de receptores para estrógenos y progesterona. El legrado o la biopsia no son confiables para el diagnóstico. Además de la evaluación histológica y del estadio clínico, el estudio de toda la pieza quirúrgica es fundamental para emitir pronóstico(AU)
A goajira menopausal woman, with no risk criteria for endometrial adenocarcinoma, was diagnosed through uterine curettage by aspiration of pyometra as primary squamous carcinoma of the endometrium (CPPEE) to meet following criteria: no invasion of the cervix, no extension of the cervical to the endometrium, absence of keratinization of the endometrial surface and intercellular bridges. There was no evidence of human papillomavirus. After the hysterectomy, there was an endometrial tumor composed of glandular elements and squamous tissue in areas, without filling the elements for diagnosis of ichthyosis uteri, infiltrating, without vellous component, grade III and stage IB. There was confusion in the initial diagnosis. The rarity of the CPPEE, less than 100 cases in the world, led to the analysis with several pathologists. It is concluded that in order to obtain the correct diagnosis, it must meet the criteria of Flumman and WHO, exclude infection of the genital tract by HPV, immunohistochemical studies must be positive for keratins and lack estrogen and progesterone receptors. The curettage or the biopsy are not reliable and the study of the whole surgical part is fundamental. In order to establish a prognosis, an accurate diagnosis must be made(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms , Biopsy , Hysterectomy , IchthyosisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical feature , pathologic characteristics and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder with squamous differentiation . Methods From Jan.2010 to Jun.2013, the pathological and clinical data of 96 cases of urothelial carcinoma of bladder with or without squamous dif-ferentiation were compared .Of the group with squamous differentiation , there were 39 males and 9 females with a median age of 70 (29 to 87) years.44 cases presented with painless gross hematuria .4 cases presen-ted with finding of bladder tumors in annual physical examination .TURBT, partial cystectomy and radical cystectomy were performed in 25, 8 and 13 cases, respectively.In addition, one case was only underwent bi-lateral ureteral skin gastrostomy .The last one only performed cystoscopy .In accordance with sex , age, path-ological stage and classification and surgical approach , 48 controls were selected .For the other group , there were 40 males and 8 females with a median age of 68 (39 to 86) years.45 cases presented with painless gross hematuria.3 cases presented with finding bladder tumors by annual physical examination .TURBT, par-tial cystectomy and radical cystectomy were performed in 28, 7 and 13 cases, respectively.All patients with retaining bladder had postoperative intravesical instillation for one year .Some patients with or without bladder performed 3-6 cycles chemotherapy with the GC protocol . Results In squamous differentiation group , there were 1 (2.1%) pTa, 25 (52.1%) pT1, 17 (35.4%) pT2, 4 (8.3%) pT3 and 1 (2.1%) pT4 tumors. Whereas, 1 (2.1%) pTa, 28 (58.3%) pT1, 16 (33.3%) pT2, 2 (4.2%) pT3 and 1 (2.1%)pT4 tumors were selected in the control group .There were 2 (4.2%) cases with low grade and 46 (95.8%) cases with high grade carcinomain in both groups .Patients were followed up with a mean duration of 16 and 12 months in squamous differentiation and control group , respectively .In squamous differentiation group , eight recur-rences were recorded with a mean follow-up of 12 months.Of the 3 died patients, only one died from bladder cancer.In control group, seven recurrences were recorded with a mean follow-up of 22 months, and no pa-tient died.For patients with TURBT, 3 year recurrence rate of patients with squamous differentiation was 49.5%, while the control was 34.8%.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Urothelial carcinoma of bladder with squamous differentiation is at a high level of malignant and recurrence . The rate of myometrial invasion with squamous differentiation is higher than pure urothelial bladder cancer . Patients with squamous differentiation should be closely followed up .
ABSTRACT
Eccrine porocarcinoma is an uncommon malignant skin appendage tumor that is thought to evolve from the intraepidermal segment of the eccrine sweat duct. It usually affects elderly patients in both sexes and it is usually found on the lower extremities and the head. We report here on a case of eccrine porocarcinoma that showed squamous differentiation, and this developed on the palm of a 71-year-old woman. Wide excision and secondary intention were performed successfully and there was no recurrence at 6 months of postoperative follow up.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Eccrine Porocarcinoma , Follow-Up Studies , Head , Intention , Lower Extremity , Recurrence , Skin , SweatABSTRACT
For a preliminary study of the role of β-catenin/Tcf signaling in squamous differentiation of airway (tracheobronchial) epithelial cells, a stable mutant of β-catenin was transfected into primarily cultured porcine airway epithelial cells. Western blotting revealed that exogenous protein was observed in large quantity in cytoplasm and nucleus. When co-transfected with Tcf luciferase reporter plasmids, β-catenin mutant increased the reporter's transcriptional activities. However, mRNA ex pression of a squamous differentiation marker, small proline-rich protein (SPRP), was not elevated, as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These findings suggest that β-catenin/Tcf signaling may not be directly involved in the squamous differentiation of porcine airway epithelial cells.
ABSTRACT
For a preliminary study of the role of β-catenin/Tcf signaling in squamous differentiation of airway (tracheobronchial) epithelial cells, a stable mutant of β-catenin was transfected into primarily cultured porcine airway epithelial cells. Western blotting revealed that exogenous protein was observed in large quantity in cytoplasm and nucleus. When co-transfected with Tcf luciferase reporter plasmids, β-catenin mutant increased the reporter's transcriptional activities. However, mRNA ex pression of a squamous differentiation marker, small proline-rich protein (SPRP), was not elevated, as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These findings suggest that β-catenin/Tcf signaling may not be directly involved in the squamous differentiation of porcine airway epithelial cells.
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BACKGROUND: There has been no general agreement on classifying basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and little is known about the squamous cell differentiations of each subtype of BCC. BCC is a locally-invasive tumor, but its aggressive forms tend to recur and metastasize. OBJECTIVE: We have compared the histolopathological subtypes of BCC by squamous differentiation, with special emphasis on basosquamous carcinoma and the difference between the non- aggressive and aggressive forms of BCC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 87 BCC specimens were collected from the 7 branch hospitals of The Catholic University of Korea from July 1997 to June 2003. RESULTS: 1. The 87 samples were divided into 6 subtypes: 18 nodular, 19 nodular infiltrative, 12 micronodular, 14 infiltrative, 11 morpheaform, 13 basosquamous. Overall, 18 samples were classified as non- aggressive and the remaining 69 as aggressive. 2.In nodular-infiltrative BCC and basosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell differentiation was significantly more prominent than in the nodular BCC. CONCLUSION: Squamous cell differentiation should be considered as one of the aggressive markers, especially in nodule-forming BCC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Basosquamous , Cell Differentiation , Hospitals, Satellite , KoreaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of cholesteatoma behind an intact tympanic membrane remains controversial. Squamous metaplasia of the middle ear mucosa is thought to be a possible mechanism in such cases. However, to date, no definitive experimental results have proved the association. This study was undertaken to investigate whether normal human middle ear epithelial (NHMEE) cells undergo keratinizing squamous differentiation in retinoic acid (RA)-deficient culture. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We examined the morphological differences between RA-deficient and RA-sufficient cultures, and determined the expressions of the mucin gene and cornifin-alpha mRNAs as indicators of mucous and squamous differentiation, respectively. RESULTS: Histomorphologically, the NHMEE cells differentiated into a keratinizing squamous epithelium in RA-deficient culture. In addition, the expressions of mucin gene 5AC (MUC5AC) and MUC8 mRNA were suppressed, and the expression of cornifin-alpha mRNA increased progressively as a function of differentiation in RA-deficient culture. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that RA depletion induces keratinizing squamous differentiation in NHMEE cell culture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Culture Techniques , Cholesteatoma , Ear, Middle , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium , Metaplasia , Mucins , Mucous Membrane , RNA, Messenger , Tretinoin , Tympanic MembraneABSTRACT
Eccrine poroma is a common adnexal neoplasm that differentiated toward the acrosyringium, the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat duct. This disease appear clinically as skin-colored or brownish nodule, but the lesion can be pigmented when it contains melanocytes and melanin. In that case, it can be very similar to melanoma. Futhermore, eccrine poroma rarely shows squamous differentiation histologically. Nevertheless, it should be differentiaed from basalcell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis when it shows squamous differentiation. We report a case of pigmented eccrine poroma with squamous differentiation in a 42-year-old male.