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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(5): 702-706, oct. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388285

ABSTRACT

Resumen Streptococcus equi subespecie zooepidemicus es una cocácea grampositiva, p-hemolítica, considerada parte de la microbiota de los equinos y un patógeno oportunista en otros animales. La infección en humanos es poco frecuente, pero suele manifestarse como cuadros graves. Se ha asociado al contacto con animales, especialmente caballos, y al consumo de productos lácteos no pasteurizados. Presentamos el caso de una bacteriemia en un binomio madre-hijo por este agente, asociado al consumo de quesos artesanales. Pese a que la penicilina es el tratamiento de elección, la recién nacida fue tratada en forma exitosa con ampicilina y la madre con ceftriaxona. Ninguna de ellas presentó complicaciones asociadas a la bacteriemia. A nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer reporte de infección connatal por este agente.


Abstract Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus is a Gram-positive, P-hemolytic coccus considered part of the commensal flora in horses and an opportunistic pathogen in other animals. Infection in humans is rare, but it usually manifests as serious symptoms, it has been associated with contact with animals, especially horses, and the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. In this report we describe a case of bacteremia of the mother-child binomial by this agent, associated with the consumption of artisan cheeses. Although penicillin is the treatment of choice, the newborn was successfully treated with ampicillin and the mother with ceftriaxone, none of them presented complications associated with bacteremia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of connatal infection by this agent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/etiology , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Cheese/adverse effects , Bacteremia/etiology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Streptococcus equi , Mother-Child Relations
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06910, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1340347

ABSTRACT

The infection caused by Streptococcus equi, known as strangles, affects the respiratory system of horses, causing high morbidity and rapid spread among the herd. Bacterin vaccines, composed of inactivated whole cells of S. equi, have variable efficacy and duration. Infected animals produce specific antibodies against SeM, the immunodominant antigen of S. equi. This makes it a promising target for vaccine development. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate a vaccine combining S. equi bacterin and recombinant SeM protein. Mice were vaccinated with bacterin (S. equi ~1.2 × 108CFU/ml); rSeM protein (20μg); bacterin-rSeM combination; or PBS (Control Group) and challenged with a suspension of S. equi, containing 10 × LD50. All vaccinated mice survived the challenge and produced anti-rSeM and anti-S. equi antibodies, which were assessed by indirect ELISA. The Control Group reached endpoint criteria 96 h after infection. These results demonstrate that a vaccine combining the S. equi bacterin with rSeM protein protects mice against strangles. This combination vaccine could potentially protect horses and overcome the limitations of currently available strangle vaccines.(AU)


A infecção causada por Streptococcus equi, denominada adenite, atinge o sistema respiratório de equinos, causando alta morbidade e rápida disseminação entre o rebanho. Vacinas bacterinas, compostas de células inteiras inativadas de S. equi apresentam eficácia e duração variáveis. Animais infectados apresentam anticorpos específicos à proteína SeM, antígeno imunodominante de S. equi, o que a torna um alvo promissor para o desenvolvimento de vacinas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma vacina baseada na administração simultânea da bacterina e da proteína SeM recombinante. Camundongos foram vacinados com a bacterina (S. equi ~1.2 × 108CFU/ml); a proteína rSeM (20μg); a bacterina e rSeM simultaneamente; ou PBS (Grupo Controle) e, posteriormente, foram desafiados com uma suspensão de S. equi contendo 10 × LD50. Todos os animais vacinados apresentaram anticorpos anti-rSeM e contra S. equi, avaliados através de ELISA indireto, e mantiveram-se e sobreviveram ao desafio letal. O Grupo Controle atingiu critérios de endpoint 96 h após a infecção. Estes resultados demonstram que uma vacina constituída de células inteiras de S. equi com rSeM protege camundongos contra adenite, sugerindo a capacidade de proteção a equinos e, possivelmente, superando as limitações das vacinas contra adenite atualmente disponíveis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Streptococcus equi/genetics , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Mice/microbiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Antibodies, Bacterial
3.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487636

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The infection caused by Streptococcus equi, known as strangles, affects the respiratory system of horses, causing high morbidity and rapid spread among the herd. Bacterin vaccines, composed of inactivated whole cells of S. equi, have variable efficacy and duration. Infected animals produce specific antibodies against SeM, the immunodominant antigen of S. equi. This makes it a promising target for vaccine development. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate a vaccine combining S. equi bacterin and recombinant SeM protein. Mice were vaccinated with bacterin (S. equi ~1.2 × 108CFU/ml); rSeM protein (20g); bacterin-rSeM combination; or PBS (Control Group) and challenged with a suspension of S. equi, containing 10 × LD50. All vaccinated mice survived the challenge and produced anti-rSeM and anti-S. equi antibodies, which were assessed by indirect ELISA. The Control Group reached endpoint criteria 96 h after infection. These results demonstrate that a vaccine combining the S. equi bacterin with rSeM protein protects mice against strangles. This combination vaccine could potentially protect horses and overcome the limitations of currently available strangle vaccines.


RESUMO: A infecção causada por Streptococcus equi, denominada adenite, atinge o sistema respiratório de equinos, causando alta morbidade e rápida disseminação entre o rebanho. Vacinas bacterinas, compostas de células inteiras inativadas de S. equi apresentam eficácia e duração variáveis. Animais infectados apresentam anticorpos específicos à proteína SeM, antígeno imunodominante de S. equi, o que a torna um alvo promissor para o desenvolvimento de vacinas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma vacina baseada na administração simultânea da bacterina e da proteína SeM recombinante. Camundongos foram vacinados com a bacterina (S. equi ~1.2 × 108CFU/ml); a proteína rSeM (20g); a bacterina e rSeM simultaneamente; ou PBS (Grupo Controle) e, posteriormente, foram desafiados com uma suspensão de S. equi contendo 10 × LD50. Todos os animais vacinados apresentaram anticorpos anti-rSeM e contra S. equi, avaliados através de ELISA indireto, e mantiveram-se e sobreviveram ao desafio letal. O Grupo Controle atingiu critérios de endpoint 96 h após a infecção. Estes resultados demonstram que uma vacina constituída de células inteiras de S. equi com rSeM protege camundongos contra adenite, sugerindo a capacidade de proteção a equinos e, possivelmente, superando as limitações das vacinas contra adenite atualmente disponíveis.

4.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21200724, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355794

ABSTRACT

Abstract The Equine Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi subs. equi, is a contagious disease, causing high rates of morbidity been responsible for important economic losses. The M protein synthesized by S. equi plays an important role in the pathogenesis and is a promising candidate for a vaccine antigen. The innate immune system is responsible for the first immune response against microorganisms, this response is mediated by receptors that detect PAMPs and their activation trigger crucial modulation of the adaptative immune response. This work describes the immune response of S. equi subs. equi. recombinant SeM protein, using Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an expression and delivery vaccine system. To characterize and to determine the vaccine efficacy, mice were vaccinated as followed: 1. Recombinant E. coli expressing rSeM protein; 2. The same recombinant E. coli, inactivated adsorbed in Alumen; 3. Purified rSeM protein adsorbed in Alumen; 4. Inactivated S. equi whole cells adsorbed in Alumen; 5. Control group. All vaccinated mice developed protective response against S. equi infection, however the groups that received the E. coli expressing rSeM presented significant higher IgG level than other vaccinated groups. The recombinant E. coli delivery vaccine system also induced a highest IgG response than inactivated S. equi or purified rSeM vaccines in horses. This study evidence that the recombinant E. coli, live or inactivated, enhanced the humoral response, reaching significant higher antibodies levels than those obtained in the vaccination with the bacterin or purified antigen, showing the feasibility of producing low-cost vaccines against strangles.

5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(11): 2056-2064, Nov. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976400

ABSTRACT

Respiratory diseases cause significant veterinary costs, reduce performance and require withdrawal of horses. Yet, studies of the causes of pneumonia in horses are scant. This study aimed to describe the pathological and microbiological features of lung lesions in slaughtered horses in southern Brazil. In this study, 84 samples of lungs were examined, and a conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 74 cases. These were composed of bronchopneumonia in 50 cases, followed by granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia (9/74), recurrent airway obstruction (7/74), lung fibrosis (4/74), lung hemorrhage (3/74) and pulmonary pythiosis (1/74). Bronchopneumonia had grossly firm focally extensive yellow to dark-red areas, which consisted microscopically of multifocal to coalescing infiltrate of degenerate neutrophils. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was identified in 21 of the 50 cases. Granulomatous eosinophilic pneumonia had multifocal pinpoint firm-hard yellow areas, which microscopically were composed of granulomas with a mineralized center surrounded by collagen fibers and severe infiltrate of eosinophils. Recurrent airway obstruction had mild multifocal pinpoint firm white areas that consisted microscopically of large amounts of mucus inside bronchi and bronchiole. Lung fibrosis had two patterns: focally extensive areas of consolidation and firm nodular areas. Microscopically, the first pattern had interstitial to peribronchial fibrosis, while the second had, in addition to the interstitial fibrosis, a severe pneumocyte hyperplasia and an alveolar infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages with rare intranuclear inclusion bodies (equine herpesvirus 5, EHV-5). Pulmonary pythiosis presented a focal firm nodular area, with multiple kunkers observed in the cut surface, which corresponded microscopically to areas of necrosis surrounded by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. At the periphery of the necrotic areas, multiple negatively stained hyphae were observed, which were evidenced through Grocott's stain and immunohistochemistry anti-Pythium insidiosum.(AU)


Doenças respiratórias causam em equinos custos significativos com tratamento veterinário, redução de performance e descarte de animais. No entanto, estudos que abordem as causas de pneumonia em equinos são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos de lesões pulmonares em equinos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico no Sul do Brasil. Neste estudo, 84 amostras de pulmões foram examinadas, e o diagnóstico conclusivo das condições foi obtido em 74 casos. Esses foram compostos por broncopneumonia em 50 casos, seguido por pneumonia granulomatosa eosinofílica (9/74), obstrução aérea recorrente (7/74), fibrose pulmonar (4/74), hemorragia pulmonar (3/74) e pitiose pulmonar (1/74). A broncopneumonia era caracterizada macroscopicamente por áreas focalmente extensas firmes de coloração amarelada a vermelho-escuras, as quais consistiam microscopicamente em infiltrado multifocal a coalescente de neutrófilos degenerados. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus foi identificado em 21 dos 50 casos. A pneumonia eosinofílica granulomatosa era caracterizada por áreas multifocais puntiformes firmes a duras e amareladas, que microscopicamente eram compostas por granulomas com área central mineralizada circundados por fibras de colágeno e infiltrado acentuado de eosinófilos. A obstrução aérea recorrente era caracterizada por discretas áreas puntiformes firmes e brancacentas que consistiam microscopicamente em grande quantidade de muco no interior de brônquios e bronquíolos. A fibrose pulmonar exibia dois padrões: áreas de consolidação focalmente extensas e áreas nodulares firmes. Microscopicamente, o primeiro padrão exibia fibrose intersticial a peribronquial, enquanto no segundo padrão havia, além da fibrose intersticial, intensa hiperplasia de pneumócitos e infiltrado alveolar de neutrófilos e macrófagos com raros corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares (herpesvírus equino 5, EHV-5). A pitiose pulmonar exibia uma área nodular firme focal com múltiplos kunkers ao corte, os quais correspondiam microscopicamente a áreas de necrose circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório misto. À periferia das áreas necróticas, múltiplas imagens negativas de hifas eram observadas, as quais foram evidenciadas através da coloração de Grocott e imuno-histoquímica anti-Pythium insidiosum.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Pneumonia/veterinary , Pulmonary Fibrosis/veterinary , Streptococcal Infections/veterinary , Streptococcus equi , Lung Injury/veterinary , Pythiosis , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 50(3): 295-300, set. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977247

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi es el agente etiológico de la adenitis equina, una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta al tracto respiratorio superior y linfonódulos de cabeza y cuello de equinos. La terapia antimicrobiana tradicional incluye como antibiótico de primera elección a la penicilina G (PEN), a la que los estreptococos suelen ser sensibles. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el perfil de sensibilidad a distintos antimicrobianos de cepas de S. equi que circulan en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se estudiaron 92 aislamientos mediante el método de difusión con discos; los antimicrobianos evaluados fueron PEN, cefotaxima, eritromicina, tetraciclina, enrofloxacina (ENR), trimetroprima-sulfametoxazol (TMS), ciprofloxacina, clindamicina (CLI), estreptomicina (STR) y florfenicol. Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) de la PEN y de aquellos antimicrobianos frente a los cuales S. equi mostró resistencia o sensibilidad intermedia. Se obtuvieron altos porcentajes de sensibilidad a todos los antimicrobianos por el método de difusión y valores de CIM por debajo de los puntos de corte para PEN, TMS y CLI. Se identificaron cepas resistentes a ENR y STR, con CIM50, CIM9o y rangos de CIM por encima de los puntos de corte. Los resultados confirman que la PEN podría utilizarse empíricamente, ya que las cepas circulantes en Buenos Aires no mostraron resistencia a este antimicrobiano. Se enfatiza en la relevancia del uso racional de los antibióticos para lograr éxito terapéutico, evitar la cronicidad, la recidiva de infecciones y la aparición de resistencia.


Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is the etiologic agent of strangles, an infectious disease affecting the upper respiratory tract and head and neck lymph nodes of equines. Routine antimicrobial therapy includes penicillin (PEN) as antibiotic of first choice. Streptococci are usually susceptible to PEN and only a few antimicrobial studies had been performed. The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. equi from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ninety-two isolates were studied by the single disk method to PEN, cefotaxime, erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline, enrofloxacin (ENR), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMS), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin (CLI), streptomycin (STR) and florfenicol. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to PEN and antibiotics with resistance and intermediate susceptibility were tested. High percentages of susceptibility were obtained by the disk diffusion method and MIC values of PEN, TMS and CLI were found to be under the breakpoint values. Resistant strains of ENR and STR with MIC50, MIC90 and MIC ranges above breakpoints were identified. These findings confirm that PEN may be used empirically because resistant strains were not found in Buenos Aires. Emphasis is placed on the rational use of antibiotics to achieve therapeutic success, to prevent chronicity, recurrence of infections and the emergence of resistance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus equi , Horse Diseases , Anti-Infective Agents , Argentina , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/veterinary , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Streptococcus equi/drug effects , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Horses
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(1): 20-28, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-888093

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho relata o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) como ferramenta auxiliar no controle da adenite equina. Foi avaliada a presença de anticorpos anti-Streptococcus equi subsp. equi em equinos com doença clínica de garrotilho, portadores assintomáticos e potros vacinados. Equinos doentes demonstraram absorbâncias médias superiores (P<0,05) às médias observadas nas demais categorias examinadas. Equinos portadores assintomáticos apresentaram valores médios de absorbância superiores (P<0,05) aos animais com cultura negativa. Logo após a vacinação, potros apresentaram elevação nos níveis de anticorpos, seguida de um decréscimo nos níveis 90 dias após a segunda vacinação. O "Cell ELISA" foi eficiente para a detecção de anticorpos em equinos expostos a antígenos de S. equi, diferenciando-se de infecções por S. zooepidemicus. O "Cell ELISA" mostrou-se uma alternativa clínica para o diagnóstico indireto da adenite equina, diferenciando-se, entre equinos assintomáticos, os potenciais portadores da infecção. Os resultados observados em potros vacinados confirmam o potencial de utilização desse teste como ferramenta em programas de vacinação contra garrotilho pelo monitoramento de rebanhos pós-vacinação. Esses resultados sugerem que o "Cell ELISA" é uma promissora ferramenta auxiliar no controle da adenite equina.(AU)


This study reports the development and evaluation of the use of "Cell ELISA" as a tool for clinical interpretation for the control of strangles. The presence of anti-S. equi antibodies was evaluated in horses with strangles, in asymptomatic carriers and in vaccinated foals. Equine positive for strangle showed higher average of absorbance (P<0.05) when compared with the average for the other categories of horses studied. Asymptomatic S. equi equine carriers had higher average of absorbance (P<0.05) than equines with negative culture. After vaccination, foals presented an increase in antibody levels, followed by a decrease in antibody levels 90 days post the second vaccination. The "Cell ELISA" was efficient for the detection of antibodies in horses exposed to S. equi antigens, differentiating infections with S. zooepidemicus. Thus, the test might be a clinical tool for indirect diagnosis of the strangles, differentiating, between the asymptomatic horses, the potential carriers of infection. The results observed in vaccinated foals confirm the potential use of this test as an auxiliary instrument for strangles vaccination programs based in the serological monitoring of the herd after immunization. These results suggest that the "Cell ELISA" is a promising auxiliary tool in the control of equine adenitis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Streptococcus/pathogenicity , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Horses/immunology , Horses/microbiology
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(5): 1351-1356, set.-out. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-879374

ABSTRACT

The strangles is an infectious disease that affects horses from all ages and causes important economic losses in the equine-related business. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant M protein from Streptococcus equi (rSeM) co-administered with the recombinant heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit from Escherichia coli (rLTB) in mice and horses. A total of 72 female Balb-c mice were divided into eight groups and 18 horses were divided into six groups. The animals were inoculated by intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes with different treatments of rSeM, rLTB and/or Al(OH)3. The results obtained in both species, independent of administration routes, demonstrated that rSeM + rLTB had higher levels of specific serum immunoglobulins, however, in mucosal immunity the increase was not identified. Thus, the use of rSeM as vaccine antigen and rLTB as adjuvant can be a potential tool in the control of equine strangles.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Enterotoxins/administration & dosage , Horses/immunology , Streptococcus equi , Viral Matrix Proteins
9.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 26(2): 405-412, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953310

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: investigar a epidemia de nefrite por Streptococcus zooepidemicus em Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: realizou-se estudo de caso-controle e tentativa de isolamento do agente, no período de janeiro a abril de 2013, utilizando-se dados clínicos, laboratoriais, de entrevistas e de inspeções. RESULTADOS: houve 417 casos notificados e 175 (42,0%) confirmados, dos quais 90,9% residiam no município e 67,4% eram do sexo feminino, com idade mediana de 36 anos; 24% dos casos foram hospitalizados; três sorveterias do município utilizavam leite do laticínio A; houve associação significativa entre adoecimento e consumo do leite A (odds ratio [OR]=4,16/IC95%: 1,55;11,18), um dos sorvetes feito com esse leite (OR=3,09/IC95%: 1,39;6,86) e milk shake de leite não industrializado (OR=3,25/IC95%: 1,13;9,36); não se detectou a bactéria em propriedades rurais. CONCLUSÃO: a epidemia de nefrite por Streptococcus zooepidemicus foi associada ao consumo de leite e derivados.


OBJECTIVE: to investigate an outbreak of nephritis by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. METHODS: a case-control study and attempt to isolate the bacterial agent were carried out from January to April 2013, using clinical and laboratory data, interviews and inspections. RESULTS: 417 suspected cases were reported, of which 175 (42.0%) were confirmed; 90.9% lived in that municipality, of which 67.4% were female, with median age of 36 years; 24% of cases were hospitalized; three ice cream shops in the municipality used type A milk; there was significant association between the illness and the consumption of type A milk (odds ratio [OR]=4.16/95%CI: 1.55;11.18), one of the ice cream made with this milk (OR=3.09/95%CI: 1.39;6.86) and milk shake of non-processed milk (OR=3.25/95%CI: 1.13;9.36); the bacterium was not detected in rural properties. CONCLUSION: the outbreak of nephritis by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was associated with the consumption of milk and dairy products.


OBJETIVO: investigar la epidemia de nefritis por Streptococcus zooepidemicus en Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: fue realizado un estudio de casos y controles e intento de aislamiento del agente, entre enero y abril de 2013, con datos clínicos y de laboratorio, entrevistas e inspecciones. RESULTADOS: fueron notificados 417 casos sospechoso, de los cuales, 175 confirmados; 90,9% eran residentes del municipio, 67,4% de sexo femenino, con mediana de edad de 36 años; 24% casos fueron hospitalizados; tres heladerías del municipio utilizaban leche del lacticinio A; encontramos asociación significativa entre la enfermedad y el consumo de leche A (odds ratio [OR]=4,16/IC95%: 1,55;11,18), en helados hechos con leche (OR=3,09/IC95%: 1,39;6,86) y milk shake de leche no industrializada (OR=3,25/IC95%: 1,13;9,36); la bactéria no fue aislada en zonas rurales. CONCLUSIÓN: la epidemia de nefritis por Streptococcus zooepidemicus se asoció con el consumo de leche y derivados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Streptococcus equi , Milk , Nephritis/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring
10.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 577-583, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-337440

ABSTRACT

To analyze the immunogenicity and protective ability of recombinant IgG-binding protein (EAG) of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and to evaluate its value when used as equine vaccine antigen, EAG gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into pET-28a vector. The EAG recombinant proteins were expressed and purified to immune mice. The serum antibody and challenge protection were tested. The purified recombinant protein of EAG was 26 kDa, and the protein reacted specifically with positive serum of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The mice antibody level for EAG immunization group was 1∶8 100. The immunological protection result showed that the protection rate of the EAG recombinant protein was 90%. The results suggested that the EAG protein has good immunogenicity and immunological protection, and it can effectively increase the humoral immune response and immunological protection of mice.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibodies, Bacterial , Blood , Antigens, Bacterial , Allergy and Immunology , Bacterial Proteins , Allergy and Immunology , Bacterial Vaccines , Allergy and Immunology , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Protein Binding , Recombinant Proteins , Allergy and Immunology , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus equi , Vaccination
11.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(6): 1062-1065, 06/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747079

ABSTRACT

The present report describes a 2-month-old foal which signs of respiratory infectious disease, bilateral retropharyngeal swelling and nasal mucopurulent discharge, suggesting guttural pouch empyema. The owners reported that the foal lived in a herd that experienced an outbreak of strangles. Foals younger than 3 months are usually protected against infectious diseases, however in this case, the foal was exposed to an environment heavily populated by Streptococcus equi equi during the outbreak of strangles. Although uncommon in such young animals, the foal was infected and developed a primary bilateral guttural pouch empyema, without signs of lymph nodes alteration.


O presente trabalho descreve o caso de um potro de dois meses de idade com sinais de infecção respiratória, distensão bilateral da região retrofaríngea e secreção nasal mucopurulenta, sugerindo empiema de bolsa gutural. Os proprietários relataram que o potro pertencia a uma tropa que havia sido acometida por garrotilho recentemente. Potros com menos de 3 meses de idade são normalmente protegidos contra as doenças infecciosas, no entanto, este potro foi exposto a um ambiente altamente contaminado por Streptococcus equi equi durante o surto de garrotilho. Embora incomum em animais tão jovens, o potro foi infectado e desenvolveu um empiema primário de bolsa gutural, não havendo sinais de acometimento dos linfonodos.

12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(4): 1015-1022, 08/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722582

ABSTRACT

Strangles is an economically important horse disease caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. The diagnosis can be confirmed either directly by bacterial isolation and PCR or by ELISA, which is an indirect method based on the detection of serum antibodies. The aim of this study was to clone, express and characterize the SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, evaluate its use as antigen in indirect ELISA and determine its performance to distinguish sera of negative, vaccinated and positive animals. This was initially performed by cloning the gene encoding the SeM protein and its expression in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the protein produced was characterized and used as antigen in ELISA. Serum samples for evaluation were taken from 40 negative foals, 46 horses vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against strangles and 46 horses diagnosed with the disease. The test showed high specificity and sensitivity, allowing discrimination between negative and positive, positive and vaccinated animals, and vaccinated animals and negative sera. Thus, it was concluded that the protein produced rSeM, which can be used as antigen for disease diagnosis, and the described ELISA might be helpful to evaluate the immune status of the herd...


A adenite equina é uma enfermidade economicamente importante de equinos, causada por Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. Seu diagnóstico pode ser confirmado de forma direta, por meio de isolamento bacteriano e de PCR, ou de forma indireta, por meio de ELISA, método baseado na detecção de anticorpos séricos. O objetivo deste estudo foi clonar, expressar e caracterizar a proteína SeM de Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, avaliar sua utilização como antígeno em um ELISA indireto e determinar a capacidade do teste de distinguir soros de animais negativos, vacinados e positivos. Para tal, foi inicialmente realizada a clonagem do gene que codifica para a proteína SeM e sua expressão em Escherichia coli. Posteriormente, a proteína produzida foi caracterizada e utilizada como antígeno em um teste de ELISA indireto. Para avaliação do teste, foram utilizadas amostras de soro de 40 potros negativos, de 46 equinos vacinados com uma vacina comercial contra adenite equina e de 46 equinos com diagnóstico da doença. O teste demonstrou alta sensibilidade e especificidade, permitindo discriminar entre soros negativos e positivos, positivos e de animais vacinados, e negativos e de animais vacinados. Assim, conclui-se que a proteína rSeM produzida pode ser usada como antígeno para o diagnóstico da enfermidade e que o ELISA descrito pode ser útil para avaliar o estado imunológico do rebanho...


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/microbiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Lymphadenitis/veterinary , Protein Biosynthesis , Streptococcus equi/isolation & purification , Antigens/analysis , Horse Diseases , Proteins/isolation & purification
13.
Korean Journal of Medicine ; : 630-635, 2014.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-140465

ABSTRACT

Recently, invasive infections with the human pathogen Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspeciesequisimilis (SDSE) have increased around the globe. Typing of the emm gene of SDSE, which encodes a virulence factor (M protein), has provided important information. Here, we report two cases of invasive SDSE infection that presented with endocarditis and bacteremia, and their emm gene types.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Endocarditis , Streptococcus , Virulence
14.
Korean Journal of Medicine ; : 630-635, 2014.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-140464

ABSTRACT

Recently, invasive infections with the human pathogen Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspeciesequisimilis (SDSE) have increased around the globe. Typing of the emm gene of SDSE, which encodes a virulence factor (M protein), has provided important information. Here, we report two cases of invasive SDSE infection that presented with endocarditis and bacteremia, and their emm gene types.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Endocarditis , Streptococcus , Virulence
15.
Infectio ; 17(3): 160-162, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-702962

ABSTRACT

El Streptococcus equi es un coco gram positivo, perteneciente al grupo C de Lancefield, causa una enfermedad de gran relevancia en caballos, la gurma o adenitis equina (1-2); en humanos, estas infecciones son poco frecuentes, siendo más frecuentes las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos, faringitis, neumonía, síndrome tóxico similar al shock y endocarditis. Cuando la infección está asociada a bacteriemia, la mortalidad reportada es del 25%.(3) Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 44 años que ingresa al servicio de urgencias de la Clínica universidad de la Sabana con un cuadro clínico de celulitis en mano derecha por Streptococcus equi .


Streptococcus equi is a gram-positive cocci, from group C of Lance 􀃀 eld. It causes an important disease in horses, strangles or equine adenitis (1-2). In humans, these infections are rare, and skin and soft tissue infections, pharyngitis, pneumonia, toxic shock-like syndrome and endocarditis are more frequently observed. When the infection is associated with bacteremia, the reported mortality is near 25% (3). We report the case of a 44-year old man who was admitted to the emergency department of the University of Sabana Clinic with cellulitis due to Streptococcus equi in his right hand.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Gram-Positive Cocci , Streptococcus equi , Cellulite , Streptolysins , Viral Matrix Proteins , Risk Factors , Soft Tissue Infections , Virulence Factors
16.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 31(3): 231-238, Mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582685

ABSTRACT

As características fenotípicas [morfológicas, bioquímicas, susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos (IRMA), concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) da benzilpenicilina] de 38 isolados de Streptococcus equi oriundos de amostras clínicas de animais com adenite equina foram alvo deste estudo. A fenotipia demonstrou três padrões de colônias, três biotipos de fermentação de carboidratos e variação de 0 a 0,4 no IRMA. Todos os isolados de S. equi demonstraram sensibilidade à penicilina, tanto pelo método de disco difusão quanto pelo método de microdiluição. A CIM e CBM média de benzilpenicilina foi de 0,0095μg/mL e 0,0267μg/mL para S. equi subesp. equi e de 0,0128μg/mL e 0,0380μg/mL para S. equi subesp. zooepidemicus. Os valores de CIM e CBM diferiram entre as subespécies (p<0,05). O diâmetro do halo de inibição de penicilina demonstrou relação com a CIM (ì=0,03638 - 0,00072x) para S. equi subesp. equi. Também foi demonstrada relação entre o diâmetro do halo de inibição de penicilina com a CBM para S. equi subesp. equi (ì=0,10931- 0,00223x). Entretanto para as amostras de S. equi subesp. zooepidemicus esta relação somente foi verificada para a CBM (ì=0,1322 - 0,00271x). A CIM de benzilpenicilina frente às amostras isoladas da região Central, Planalto e Sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram estatisticamente semelhantes, mas diferiram do isolado do estado do Paraná, sugerindo o caráter atípico desta cepa. Todos os isolados de S. equi são sensíveis à penicilina e sulfazotrim, confirmando a eleição destes antimicrobianos para o tratamento das infecções por este agente na clínica veterinária. Os resultados obtidos não dispensam a utilização prudente dos antimicrobianos.


Phenotypic characteristics [morphology, biochemical fermentation, antimicrobial susceptibility, index of multiple resistances to antimicrobials (IMRA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of benzilpenicillin] of 38 Streptococcus equi isolates from clinical samples of horses with strangles were the aim of this study. The phenotypic analyses demonstrated three colony patterns, three carbohydrate fermentation biotypes and IMRA variation from 0 to 0.4. All the isolates of S. equi demonstrated sensitivity to penicillin, both by the disc diffusion method and microdilution method. The average MIC and MBC for benzilpenincillin were of 0.0095μg/mL and 0.0267μg/mL for S. equi subsp. equi and of 0.0128μg/mL and 0.0380μg/mL for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The values of MIC and MBC differed between the subspecies (p<0.05). The diameter of penicillin inhibition halo demonstrated a relation with the MIC (ì=0.03638 - 0.00072x) for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. A relation between the diameter of the inhibition halo of penincillin was also observed with the MBC for S. equi subsp. equi (ì=0.10931 - 0.00223x). However for the samples of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus this relation was only verified with the MBC (ì=0.1322 - 0.00271x). The MIC of benzilpenicillin of the samples isolated from the Central, Planalto and South regions of Rio Grande do Sul were statistically similar, although different from the Paraná state sample, suggesting the atypical character of this strain. All the S. equi isolates are sensitive to penicillin and sulfazotrim, confirming these as antibiotics of choice for the treatment of infections caused by this agent in the clinical veterinary practice. The results obtained do not discard the prudent use of antimicrobials.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/classification , Streptococcus equi/pathogenicity , Phenotype
17.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 195-197, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-189392

ABSTRACT

Infectious upper respiratory disease (IURD) of Thoroughbred racehorses has been a frequent problem (29.6% of incidence) at the Seoul Race Park (Korea). Risk factors for IURD include the season with a high transfer rate (summer and fall), the stabling period (< or = 3 months), and age (2 to 3 years old), suggesting that the movement and new environment may have depressed the immune system of the horses and decreased their ability to respond properly to pathogens. The bacterial strains (n = 98) isolated from IURD horses included Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and zooepidemicus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horses , Incidence , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Risk Factors
18.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(6): 1944-1952, set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525270

ABSTRACT

A adenite equina, também conhecida como garrotilho, é uma enfermidade bacteriana contagiosa, causada por Streptococcus equi, subsp. equi, bactéria β hemolítica do grupo C de Lancefield, que afeta o trato respiratório anterior de equinos de todas as idades, com maior prevalência entre um e cinco anos de idade. Caracteriza-se por produzir secreção mucopurulenta das vias aéreas anteriores e linfadenite dos gânglios retrofaríngeos e submandibulares com formação de abscessos. Fatores de virulência de S. equi, subsp. equi, incluem cápsula de ácido hialurônico, hialuronidase, estreptolisina O, estreptoquinase, receptores para Fc de IgG, peptidoglicano e proteína M. Dentre esses fatores, a proteína M tem especial importância por ser de membrana com propriedades antifagocitárias e de aderência. A doença tem baixa letalidade e alta morbidade e seus prejuízos econômicos devem-se à perda de performance e custo do tratamento. O diagnóstico clínico e o tratamento não apresentam dificuldades, mas a profilaxia é prejudicada pela baixa eficiência das vacinas disponíveis, com índices de proteção de 50 por cento. O garrotilho pode ocorrer em todas as épocas do ano, mas o frio e a umidade facilitam a sobrevivência do agente e sua disseminação, portanto animais que vivem nos estados mais frios e úmidos do país são mais vulneráveis à infecção. Novas vacinas utilizando antígenos purificados ou de subunidades estão sendo desenvolvidas com a finalidade de incrementar sua potência e evitar efeitos indesejáveis. A comprovação de diferenças de antigenicidade, entre estirpes, alerta sobre a importância da seleção apropriada das cepas vacinais.


Strangles is a contagious disease of the respiratory tract of horses produced by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, a Lancefield's group C β haemolytic bacterium. It produces a mucopurulent secretion of the anterior airways, as well as lymphadenitis and abscesses. The bacteria synthesizes several pathogenicity factors such a hyaluronic acid capsule, hyaluronidase, streptolisin O, streptokinase, IgG Fc receptors, peptidoglican and protein M. Among these factors, protein M deserves special importance due to its antifagocitic and adherence properties. The disease has high morbidity and low lethality, and produces economic losses due to low performance and treatment. Clinical diagnosis and treatment are done easily, but prophylaxis is hampered by the low potency of vaccines, that protect around 50 percent of vaccinated animals. Strangles may occur during all the year, but cold and humid weather favors the survival of streptococci, making animals that live in regions with those characteristics more prone to infection. New vaccines using purified or subunit antigens have been developed aiming to increase their potency and to avoid undesirable side effects. The demonstration that bacteria strains show differences in their antigenicity, called attention on the selection of appropriate strains to use as antigens.

19.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(6): 1789-1794, set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525293

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de doenças respiratórias em 349 potros Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) monitorados do nascimento ao sexto mês de vida na região de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. A partir da avaliação clínica e laboratorial pôde-se registrar a frequência de 9,5 por cento (33) casos respiratórios, com mortalidade de 0,57 por cento (2). A ocorrência de casos foi mais elevada nos meses de verão, e potros com idade entre quatro e seis meses foram mais suscetíveis (P<0,001). O desenvolvimento de doenças foi influenciado (P<0,001) pelo sistema de criação e pelas práticas de manejo, os quais aumentaram o potencial de contaminação do ambiente. Na avaliação microbiológica, a maior frequência de isolados foi de Streptococcus equi (57 por cento), seguido do Rhodococcus equi (17 por cento), letal em 50 por cento dos casos. Nenhum caso clínico foi associado ao vírus da influenza equina (EIV) e ao herpesvírus equino (EHV-1-4). Os resultados sugerem que fatores ligados ao manejo, na criação de equinos PSI, parecem contribuir decisivamente para a manifestação da doença respiratória e alertam para a morbidade causada pela adenite equina e a letalidade atribuída à rodococose.


Risk factors associated the occurrence of respiratory diseases they were evaluated between 349 Thoroughbred foals, monitored of the birth to the sixth month of life in the region of Bagé-RS-Brazil. From the laboratory and clinical evaluation, the frequency of 9.5 percent (33) of respiratory cases with mortality of 0.57 percent (2) was recorded. The occurrence of cases was higher in months of summer and foals with age between four and six months were more susceptible (P<0.001). The development of the diseases was influenced (P<0.001) by the breeding system of and management practices that increased the environmental contamination potential. In the evaluation microbiological, , the highest frequency of isolated was of Streptococcus equi (57 percent), followed by the Rhodococcus equi (17 percent), lethal in 50 percent of the cases. No clinic case was associated to the equine influenza virus (EIV) and to the equine herpesvirus (EHV-1-4). The results suggest that connected factors to the management in the breeding of thoroughbred equine are going to contribute decisively for the manifestation of the respiratory disease and alert for the morbidity caused by the equine adenitis and the lethality related to rodococosis.

20.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(5): 1459-1464, ago. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-521194

ABSTRACT

Horse Strangles appears frequently in animals vaccinated with commercial bacterins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Aiming to know the antigenic relationships of strains recovered from sick animals among them and with two vaccines profusely used in the state, bilateral cross reactivity indices (CRI) were estimated. In addition, the immunogenicity of vaccines prepared with field isolates and commercial vaccines was tested in mice. Antibody titers were measured by ELISA and expressed as seroconversions. Thirteen strains of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, nine classified biochemically as typical and other four as atypical strains, were recovered from 35 sick horses belonging to 10 herds of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The strains recovered from sick horses showed very close CRI, suggesting antigenic homogeneity among them, but not with the vaccinal strains. A vaccine produced with an atypical strain induced the highest seroconversion, 9.4, while two produced with typical strains were poorly-immunogenic. The commercial vaccines were less immunogenic than five and four vaccines produced with field strains, inducing seroconversions of 2.6 and 3.8, respectively.


A Adenite Eqüina é freqüente em animais vacinados com bacterinas comerciais no Rio Grande do Sul. Com o objetivo de determinar as relações antigênicas entre cepas isoladas de casos clínicos e duas vacinas amplamente utilizadas no Estado, foram determinados os índices de reatividade cruzada bilateral (IRC) entre elas. Também foi determinada a imunogenicidade em camundongos de vacinas preparadas com cepas de campo e de vacinas comerciais. Os títulos de anticorpos foram determinados por ELISA e expressos como soroconversão. Foram isoladas 13 cepas de Streptococcus equi subsp. equi de 35 casos clínicos de Adenite Eqüina em 10 diferentes rebanhos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, das quais nove foram classificadas bioquimicamente como típicas e outras quatro como atípicas. As cepas de campo apresentaram elevada reatividade cruzada, sugerindo homogeneidade antigênica entre elas, mas não com as cepas vacinais. Uma vacina produzida com cepa atípica induziu soroconversão de 9.4, enquanto duas vacinas produzidas com cepas típicas foram pouco imunogênicas. As vacinas comerciais induziram soroconversões de 2.6 e 3.8, menores que quatro e cinco vacinas produzidas com cepas de campo, respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Animals , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Lymphadenitis/prevention & control , Lymphadenitis/veterinary , Streptococcus equi/isolation & purification , Horses
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