Elegía psicológica para un país en llamas / Psychological elegy for a country in flames

El presente texto tiene como objetivo realizar una reflexión en torno a los acontecimien-tos que han emergido en Colombia a raíz del paro nacional convocado para el 28 de abril de 2021. El ejercicio está pensado desde el campo de la psicología social y la literatura que sirven como ejes articuladores para adentrarnos al campo de los movimientos so-ciales. Teniendo en cuenta que, es a partir de la expresión literaria y de las contribucio-nes conceptuales, que se puede realizar una aproximación a estos fenómenos sociales. Para esto, se mencionan algunas obras literarias que pueden tener relación con el con-texto actual colombiano; seguido, la reflexión se adentra al área de la psicología, princi-palmente la psicología social y política para entablar un diálogo con la coyuntura que en este momento de efervescencia social está viviendo el país. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones referentes al trabajo disciplinar frente a las demandas sociales, políticas y culturales en situaciones como las movilizaciones sociales

The purpose of this text is to reflect on the events that have emerged in Colombia as a result of the national strike called for April 28, 2021. The exercise is thought from the field of social psychology and literature that serve as articulating axes to enter the field of social movements. Taking into account that it is from the literary expression and conceptual contributions that an approach to these social phenomena can be made. For this, some literary works that may be related to the current Colombian context are mentioned; then the reflection enters the area of psychology, mainly social and political psychology to establish a dialogue with the social reality that the country is experiencing at this moment of social effervescence. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the disciplinary work in the face of social, political and cultural demands in situations such as social mobilizations

Predicting Vertical Ground Reaction Force during Treadmill Running Using Principal Component Analysis and Wavelet Neural Network / 医用生物力学

Objective To establish the method of predicting the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during treadmill running based on principal component analysis and wavelet neural network (PCA-WNN). Methods Nine rearfoot strikers were selected and participated in running experiment on an instrumented treadmill at the speed of 12, 14 and 16 km/h. The kinematics data and vGRF were collected using infrared motion capture system and dynamometer treadmill. A three-layer neural network framework was constructed, in which the activation function of the hidden layers was the Morlet function. Velocities of mass center of the thigh, shank and foot as well as joint angles of the hip, knee and ankle were input into the WNN model. The prediction accuracy of the model was evaluated by the coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) and error. The consistencies between predicted and measured peak GRF were analyzed by Bland-Altman method. Results The CMC between the predicted and measured GRF at different speeds were all greater than 0.99; the root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted and measured vGRF was 0.18-0.28 BW; and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) was 6.20%-8.42%; the NRMSE between the predicted and measured impact forces and propulsive forces were all smaller than 15%. Bland-Altman results showed that the predicted peak errors of propulsive force at 12 km/h and that of impact force and propulsive force at 14 km/h were within the 95% agreement interval. Conclusions The PCA-WNN model constructed in this study can accurately predict the vGRF during treadmill running. The results provide a new method to obtain kinetic data and perform real-time monitoring on a treadmill, which is of great significance for studying running injuries and rehabilitation treatment.

Strike Velocity Prediction of Stick Blunt Instruments Based on Backpropagation Neural Network / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze and predict the striking velocity range of stick blunt instruments in different populations, and to provide basic data for the biomechanical analysis of blunt force injuries in forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Based on the Photron FASTCAM SA3 high-speed camera, Photron FASTCAM Viewer 4.0 and SPSS 26.0 software, the tester's maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments and related factors were calculated and analyzed, and inputed to the backpropagation (BP) neural network for training. The trained and verified BP neural network was used as the prediction model.@*RESULTS@#A total of 180 cases were tested and 470 pieces of data were measured. The maximum striking velocity range was 11.30-35.99 m/s. Among them, there were 122 female data, the maximum striking velocity range was 11.63-29.14 m/s; there were 348 male data, the maximum striking velocity range was 20.11-35.99 m/s. The maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments increased with the increase of weight and height, but there was no obvious increase trend in the male group; the maximum striking velocity decreased with age, but there was no obvious downward trend in the female group. The maximum striking velocity of stick blunt instruments has no significant correlation with the material and strike posture. The root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the prediction results by using BP neural network were 2.16, 1.63 and 0.92, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prediction model of BP neural network can meet the demand of predicting the maximum striking velocity of different populations.

An Autopsy Series: Lightning-related Deaths in Van and Hakkâri Provinces, Turkey

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the largest series of lightning-related deaths in Turkey, to review the literature on this subject, and to identify similarities and differences between the autopsy findings in this study and the information available in literature. Methods: In this study, autopsy reports and crime scene investigation data on 11 lightning-related fatalities that occurred in the Van and Hakkâri Provinces, Turkey, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 1699 fatalities, 11 (2.53%) evaluated by medico-legal autopsy in the Van and Hakkâri Province in a 5-year period died from lightning strikes. Of these cases, 10 (90.1%) were males and 1 (9.9%) was female (p < 0.05). All cases were in the 11 to 33 years age group. All cases were injured outdoors. Conclusion: We concluded that deaths due to lightning strikes are relatively rare in Turkey, and may be reduced with precautions such as avoiding staying under trees or in the vicinity of high towers, refraining from touching metal objects, avoiding lying on the ground, leaning on walls, and crouching outdoors.

Trend of health worker's strike at a Tertiary Health Institution in North Central Nigeria

Objectives: Workers' strike is a global phenomenon since antiquity. In Nigeria, health-care sector has been rocked by series of strikes spanning variable periods with immeasurable losses. Ethical consideration and inter-professional rivalry are the main concern attracting much debate in the health sector. The objectives of the study were to determine the trend of health worker's strike actions, the main agitators, and to make some recommendations. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the labor ward records of the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2019, duration of 35 years. The data were collated and analyzed using simple percentages and the figures corrected to the nearest decimal point. Results: A total of 42 strike actions, about 2 strikes/year. The trend shows a multi-modal pattern, with the highest peak of 5 strikes in 2004 and 2013. There were cumulatively 58.5 months of strikes out of the 442 months of the period of study, giving a percentage of 13.2%. While doctors had more frequent strikes (52.3%), non-doctors under the umbrella of Joint Health Sector Union and nurse/midwives accounted for over half (58.1%) of the duration of the strikes. The resident doctors are the main agitators of doctors' strike accounting for about half (45.2%) of the total health workers' strikes, while NMA accounted for only 3 (9.4.%). Most strike actions occur at the end of the year, with spill into the first quarter of the following year. Conclusion: Health workers' strike remains a perennial problem. Inter-professional rivalry is a major challenge in the health sector with far reaching implication without immediate government intervention. Addressing challenges in the residency training program will go a long way in reducing doctors' unrest in the health sector

Efectividad en la zona de strike de los lanzadores pinareños / Eficácia na zona de strike dos lançadores de Pinar del Rio / Effectiveness in the strike zone of the pitchers from Pinar del Río

Resumen Teniendo presente la importancia del pitcheo y su peso para el éxito en el juego de béisbol, es que el objetivo de la investigación se centra en analizar la efectividad en la zona de strike de los lanzadores del equipo de béisbol de Pinar del Río, primera categoría, participantes en la Serie Nacional. Par ello, se trabajó con una población integrada por los 13 lanzadores que constituyen el staff de pitcheo y los dos entrenadores responsables de la preparación de estos en dicho equipo. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas científicas como el análisis de la estadística de cada uno de los juegos, así como la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos revela que el 61,5 % de los lanzadores del equipo, fundamentalmente los más jóvenes, presentan problemas con el control de los lanzamientos en la zona de strike, aflorando una serie de insuficiencias relacionadas con el dominio de la mecánica de pitcheo, el escaso repertorio de lanzamientos, unido a un bajo dominio sobre los mismos, entre otros elementos vinculados a la preparación. Estos resultados, junto al control sistemático y análisis de la labor de los lanzadores durante los juegos, constituyen elementos importantes para trazar estrategias más eficientes en la preparación de estos atletas, atemperadas a sus particularidades individuales e insuficiencias, en aras de lograr una mayor efectividad de los mismos, y, por ende, superar los resultados competitivos del equipo.

Resumo Tendo em conta a importância do lançamento e o seu peso para o sucesso no jogo de basebol, o objectivo do presente trabalho está centrado na análise da efetividade na zona de strike dos lançadores da equipe de basebol de Pinar del Río, primeira categoria, participantes da Série Nacional. Para isso, trabalhamos com uma população composta pelos 13 lançadores que integram a equipe de pitcheo e os dois técnicos responsáveis pela preparação destes em tal equipe, para o qual foram utilizados métodos e técnicas científicas, como a análise das estatísticas de cada um dos jogos, assim como a observação, o inquérito e a entrevista. A análise dos resultados obtidos revela que 61,5% dos lançadores da equipe, principalmente os mais jovens, apresentam problemas com o controle dos lances na zona de strike, revelando uma série de deficiências relacionadas com o domínio da mecânica de lançamento, o escasso repertório de lançamentos, juntamente com um domínio baixo sobre os mesmos, entre outros elementos ligados à preparação. Estes resultados, juntamente com o controle e análise sistemática do trabalho dos lançadores durante os jogos, constituem elementos importantes para traçar estratégias mais eficientes na preparação destes atletas, temperados às suas particularidades e insuficiências individuais, a fim de alcançar uma maior efetividade dos mesmos e, portanto, para superar os resultados competitivos da equipe.

Abstract Bearing in mind the importance of pitching and its weight for the success in the baseball game, the objective of the present work is focused on the analysis of the effectiveness in the strike zone of the pitchers of the Pinar del Río baseball team, first category, participants in the national series. For this purpose, it was worked with a population integrated by the 13 pitchers that constitute the pictching staff and the two coaches responsible for the preparation of these in such team, for which we used scientific methods and techniques such as the analysis of the statistics of each one of the games, as well as observation, survey and interview. The analysis of the results obtained reveals that 61,5 % of the pitchers of the team, mainly the youngest ones, present problems with the control of the throws in the strike zone, revealing a series of deficiencies related to the domain of the mechanics of pick-up, the scarce repertoire of throws, together with a low domain on the same ones, among other elements linked to the preparation. These results, together with the systematic control and analysis of the work of the throwers during the games, constitute important elements to trace more efficient strategies in the preparation of these athletes, tempered to their individual particularities and insufficiencies, in order to achieve a greater effectiveness of the same and therefore to overcome the competitive results of the team.

Biomechanical characteristics of children’s different strike patterns during running / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Foot strike patterns in adults during running have always been the focus of worldwide research, and the strike patterns of children are also something that cannot be ignored. OBJECTIVE: Using biomechanical methods to explore the differences in kinematics and kinetics of children in different strike patterns during the running process, and to provide a scientific basis for children’s correct way of running. METHODS: Seventy-four children were randomly selected from a public kindergarten in Haidian District, Beijing, and were divided into 3-year-old group, 4-year-old group and 5-year-old group. The kinematics and kinetics data of enrolled children in different strike patterns during running were acquired simultaneously using the BTS infrared motion capture system, the Kistler three-dimensional force table and the VIXTA video analysis system. The muscle strength index of the lower limbs was calculated using the Anybody 5.2 simulation modeling software. Before participation in the trial, children’s parents were fully informed of study protocol and signed the informed consent form. The trial protocol met the relevant ethical requirements of Beijing Normal University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the 3-year-old group, the proportion of mid foot strike (MFS) was the highest, and the proportion of fore foot strike (FFS) was the lowest. In the 5-year-old group, the proportion of MFS was the lowest, and the proportion of FFS was the highest. The rear foot strike (RFS) extension time was longer than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (2) At the moment of landing, the flexion angle of FFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05), and the flexion angle of MFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.05). The hip adduction-abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). The maximum hip abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.01). The amount of joint changes in the RFS hip adduction and abduction was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). The minimum flexion and extension of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.05). The maximal hip adduction-abduction angular velocity of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.05), and the maximal knee adduction-abduction angular velocity of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (3) The muscle strength of the short bones of the tibia, the long tibia and the third metatarsal muscle of FFS and MFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.05). The bundle muscle strength of the medial femoral muscle, the lateral femoral muscle bundle, the lateral femoral muscle bundle, the medial femoral muscle bundle, the medial femoral muscle bundle, and the medial femoral muscle of RFS were greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (4) In the 3-6 years old, children often run in the heel or full-foot landing mode to meet their stability during the running process. As the age increases, the running pattern with the forefoot landing gradually appears. To keep the movement steady, RFS can trigger more hip and knee frontal motions, FFS and MFS can offer more muscle strength on the anterior and posterior sides of the calf, while RFS can offer more muscle strength on the anterior side of the thigh.

Effects of Gait Retraining on Impact Forces, Lower Limb Biomechanics and Leg Stiffness / 医用生物力学

Objective By establishing the intervention mode of 12-week gait retraining (GR) (with the specific aim of changing the habitual running gait), to determine the changes of vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), kinematics and dynamics of hip, knee, ankle joints, as well as stiffness of lower limbs in running before and after GR, and to explore the influence of running posture transformation on impact force and lower limb biomechanics. Methods Vicon motion capture system and Kistler 3D force measurement platform were used to collect the GRF and marker track of 30 runners (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group) before and after GR with the minimalist shoes at a speed of 12 km/h±5%. Results A total of 17 subjects (9 in experimental group and 8 in control group) completed the GR. After GR, the maximum loading rate of both groups decreased significantly, and the maximum loading rate of experimental group was lower than that of control group. The foot strike angle in experimental group decreased significantly after GR, and the plantarflexion angle and hip joint angular extension velocity increased in both groups. The force moment of ankle joint increased in experimental group, and the stiffness of lower limbs was significantly improved in both groups. Conclusions A 12-week GR exercise intervention model was successfully established, with 78% conversion rate (from rearfoot strike to forefoot strike). GR can effectively avoid the peak of impact force, reduce the maximum loading rate, increase the lower limb stiffness, and thus reduce or even avoid the risk of running injury caused by impact force and may provide a possibility for the improvement of running economy.

A crise de representatividade em dois tempos no Brasil atual: um olhar sobre a greve dos garis e dos caminhoneiros / The crisis of representativeness in two times in Brazil today: a look at the garbageman’ and the truckers’ strike / La crisis de representatividad en dos tiempos en el Brasil actual: una mirada sobre la huelga de los barrenderos y de los camioneros / La crise de la représentativité en deux actes au Brésil: une analyse sur la grève des balayeurs et des les chauffeurs routiers

O objetivo do texto foi desenvolver uma reflexão teórica sobre a crise de representatividade na atualidade, contextualizada a partir do retrato de dois movimentos recentes: a greve dos garis em 2014 e dos caminhoneiros em 2018. Com esses dois exemplos, é possível analisar a crise da representatividade em dois tempos: no cenário imediatamente após as manifestações de junho, quando a mencionada crise emerge com toda força. Em seguida, no processo que envolveu o impeachment de Dilma em que notamos contornos específicos de polarização social. Nos dois casos analisados, é possível observar o descolamento da base em relação às lideranças sindicais como um dos sintomas da mencionada crise. Mas, entre gritos de "não vai ter copa " (no caso dos garis) e de "intervenção militar já " (que se fez presente na greve dos caminhoneiros), temos um cenário de crise de representatividade com elementos de polarização social.

The purpose of the text was to develop a theoretical reflection about the crisis of representativeness crisis in the present, contextualized from the portrait of two recent movements: the garbageman' strike in 2014 and the truckers ' strike in 2018. With these two examples, it is possible to analyze the crisis of representativeness in two times: in the scenario immediately after the manifestations of June, when the mentioned crisis emerges with full force. Then, in the process that involved Dilma's impeachment now on we noted specific contours of social polarization. In the two cases analyzed, it is possible to observe the detachment of the base from the union leadership as one of the symptoms of the crisis of representativeness. However, between screams of "there will not be cup " (in the case of the garbageman) and "military intervention already" (which was present in the truckers' strike), we have a crisis of representativeness scenario with elements of social polarization.

El objetivo de este texto fue desarrollar una reflexión teórica sobre la crisis de representatividad en la actualidad, contextualizada a partir del retrato de dos movimientos recientes: la huelga de los barrenderos en 2014 y de los camioneros en 2018. Con estos dos ejemplos, es posible analizar la crisis de la representatividad en dos tiempos: en el escenario inmediatamente después de las manifestaciones de junio, cuando la mencionada crisis emerge con toda fuerza. A continuación, en el proceso que involucró el impeachment de Dilma adelante notamos contornos específicos de la polarización social. En los dos casos analizados, es posible observar el desprendimiento de la base en relación a los liderazgos sindicales como uno de los síntomas de la mencionada crisis. Pero, entre gritos de "no va a tener copa" (en el caso de los barrenderos) y de "intervención militar ya" (que se hizo presente en la huelga de los camioneros), tenemos un escenario de crisis de representatividad con elementos de polarización social.

Muerte materna incidental en un accidente por relámpago: Reporte de caso / Incidental maternal death due to lightning injury: a case report

Resumen Los relámpagos se presentan con una frecuencia mayor a 50 veces por segundo a nivel mundial; sin embargo, las descargas directas suceden rara vez y son responsables del 5% de los eventos fatales. El mecanismo de lesión inicial es la parálisis de los centros vitales, lo que ocasiona apnea, fibrilación auricular o paro cardíaco. En mujeres embarazadas, el accidente por rayo puede producir complicaciones graves, dependiendo del punto de entrada en el cuerpo y su efecto indirecto sobre el feto, produciendo trastornos de la conducción en el sistema cardíaco y daño a nivel del sistema nervioso central. En la literatura mundial, solo catorce casos de embarazo y traumatismo por relámpago han sido reportados, sobreviviendo en todos la madre, con un único reporte de muerte fetal. Se presenta un caso de accidente por relámpago en una mujer embarazada en la semana 23 de gestación, cuyo tipo de lesión fue por contacto directo en el abdomen, y quien ingresó con compromiso neurológico, taquicardia materna y bradicardia fetal. El deceso materno ocurrió por infarto agudo extenso del miocardio y la formación de un émbolo intracavitario en el ventrículo izquierdo, con la consecuente muerte del binomio. Se describe su frecuencia, el mecanismo de lesión, las manifestaciones clínicas y el manejo actual. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(1):21-6

Abstract Lightning occurs with a frequency rate of more than 50 times per second worldwide. Nevertheless, direct lightning strikes are not common, and they are responsible for about 5% of all lightning injury fatalities. The initial mechanism of injury is the paralysis of the vital centers, which causes apnea, atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrest. In pregnant women, lightning can produce severe complications which depend on the point of entrance and its indirect effect on the fetus, affecting the cardiac conduction system and the central nervous system. We report a case of a lightning accident by direct strike on a 23-week pregnant woman, who's type of injury was by direct contact on the abdomen. She arrives to the emergency room with neurologic symptoms, maternal tachycardia and fetal bradycardia. The mother died due to myocardial infarction and the presence of an intracavitary embolus in the left ventricle, with the consequent maternal-fetal death. The incidence and injury mechanisms, as well as the clinical features and clinical management are described. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(1):21-6.

La alimentación enteral como cuidado paliativo (en el contexto de una enfermedad terminal). Una reflexión desde la biopolítica / Enteral feeding as palliative care (in the context of a terminal disease). A reflection from biopolitics / Alimentação enteral como cuidados paliativos (no contexto de uma doença terminal). Uma reflexão da biopolítica

En este trabajo se ofrece una problematización del dilema ético que representa el procedimiento médico de la alimentación enteral aplicado como un cuidado paliativo en el contexto de una enfermedad terminal. La hipótesis interpretativa es que este procedimiento puede ser visto desde una perspectiva biopolítica. Para sostener la tesis se hace una reflexión sobre los fundamentos que el Estado Moderno esgrime para la defensa de la vida desde las prácticas médicas con una perspectiva hipocrática, conformando así mecanismos de control de la vida. Acorde con la tesis, la alimentación enteral como cuidado paliativo se presentaría como una de las prácticas médicas que ejemplifican de manera más patente la intención del control político de la vida humana, tanto biológica como cultural.

This paper offers a problematization of the ethical dilemma that represents the medical procedure of enteral feeding as palliative care in the context of a Terminal disease. The interpretative hypothesis is that this procedure can be viewed from a biopolitical perspective.To support the thesis, I refer the basis that the Modern State uses to defend life from medical practices with a Hippocratic perspective, thus conforming mechanism for the control of life. According to the thesis enteral nutrition as palliative care would be presented as one of the medical practices that more clearly exemplify the intention of political control of human life.

Neste trabalho oferece-se uma problematização do dilema ético que representa o procedimento médico da alimentação enteral aplicado como um cuidado paliativo no contexto de uma doença terminal. A hipótese interpretativa é que este procedimento pode ser visto de uma perspectiva biopolítica. Para sustentar a tese se faz uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos que o Estado Moderno esgrime para a defesa da vida desde as práticas médicas com uma perspectiva hipocrática, conformando assim mecanismos de controle da vida. De acordo com a tese, a alimentação enteral como cuidado paliativo se apresentaria como uma das práticas médicas que exemplificam de maneira mais evidente a intenção do controle político da vida humana, tanto biológica como cultural.

Resistência e práxis na greve dos professores da rede pública municipal do rio de janeiro / Resistance and praxis in the strike of the teachers of the rio de janeiro municipal network / Resitencia y práxis en la huelga de los profesores de la red pública municipal de rio de janeiro

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre trabalho, educação e saúde na greve dos profissionais de educação da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no ano de 2013. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual adotou, como técnica de investigação, a realização de entrevistas individuais e a pesquisa documental, com base na imprensa sindical. Foi escolhida a técnica de análise temática, e foram identificados três temas principais de interpretação, a saber: trabalho e defesa da educação pública de qualidade; aprendizado coletivo e pedagogia da luta; e luta coletiva pela saúde. No ângulo de compreensão da história, a greve materializou-se como espaço de questionamento acerca da situação do trabalho nas escolas e como movimento de luta em defesa da educação pública de qualidade. Do mesmo modo, a greve trouxe reflexões acerca da relação entre o trabalho docente e a luta pela saúde. Conclui-se que ações coletivas de trabalhadores são espaços de aprendizagem, de produção de conhecimento e intervenção em saúde. Trata-se de uma perspectiva ampliada de educação e saúde, como práxis pedagógica, que se processa na luta e na valorização da experiência coletiva do trabalho.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between work, education and health in the strike of the education professionals of the Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) municipal network, in the year of 2013. This is a qualitative research, which adopted individual interviews and documentary research as its investigation technique, based on the trade union press. We chose the thematic analysis technique, and three main themes of interpretation were identified: work and defense of quality public education; collective learning and struggle pedagogy; and collective fight for health. From the angle of the historical understan-ding of the event, the strike materialized as a space for questioning the situation of work in schools and as a movement of struggle in defense of quality public education. Likewise, the strike raised reflections about the relationship between teaching as an occupation and the struggle for health. The conclusion is that the collective actions of workers are spaces of learning, of production of knowledge, and of intervention in health. It is an extended perspective of education and health, as a pedagogical praxis, which is carried out in the struggle and in the valorization of the collective experience of work.

Resumen Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las relaciones entre trabajo, educación y salud en la huelga de los profesionales de educación de la red municipal de Rio de Janeiro, ocurrida en el año 2013. Se trata de una encuesta cualitativa, la cual adoptó, como técnica de investigación, la realización de entrevistas individuales y la búsqueda documental, con base en la prensa sindical. En lo que respecta al análisis de los materiales de campo, fue elegida la técnica de análisis temática, siendo identificados tres temas principales de interpretación: trabajo y defensa de la educación pública de calidad; aprendizaje colectivo y pedagogía de la lucha; y lucha colectiva por la salud. En el ángulo de comprensión de la historia, la huelga se materializó como espacio de cuestionamiento acerca de la situación del trabajo en las escuelas y como movimiento de lucha en defensa de la educación pública de calidad. Del mismo modo, la huelga trajo reflexiones acerca de la relación entre el trabajo docente y la lucha por la salud. Concluye que las acciones colectivas de trabajadores son espacios de aprendizaje, de producción de conocimiento e intervención en salud. Se trata de una perspectiva ampliada de educación y salud, como praxis pedagógica, que se procesa en la lucha y en la valorización de la experiencia colectiva del trabajo.

Tratamiento informativo de la huelga magisterial en la prensa Peruana / Informative treatment of the magisterial strike in the Peruvian press / Tratamento informativo da greve magisterial na imprensa peruana

Resumen Introducción: El abordaje informativo de los conflictos sociales permite estar al corriente de los acontecimientos, a través de representaciones mediáticas que modelan sistemas simbólicos de representación que destacan lo noticiable, de ese modo, reflejan imágenes que afectan o implican su comprensión. En ese sentido, la huelga magisterial del 2017, constituyó un hito informativo que demanda ser analizado. Objetivo: Determinar el tratamiento informativo de los principales medios a la huelga de docentes, su representación noticiosa y los aspectos hegemonizados. Materiales y métodos: A partir de una revisión de las noticias publicadas sobre la huelga docente y siguiendo una metodología inductiva, se categorizó la información publicada, a fin de reconocer el aporte informativo, el tipo de información y los mensajes implícitos publicados. Resultados: En el tratamiento informativo se privilegió la narrativa de los hechos, lo coyuntural más que la profundización. Las representaciones noticiosas resaltaron lo escandaloso, desnaturalizando así, la esencia del conflicto, optando por el sensacionalismo, al vincularlos al violentismo, la anarquía y el caos urbano. Conclusión: La prensa al informar adoleció de dificultades para la representación noticiosa, soslayando una mejor comprensión.

Abstract Introduction: The informative approach of the social conflicts allows to be abreast of the events, through mediatic representations that model symbolic systems of representation that highlight the newsworthy, in this way, they reflect images that affect or imply their comprehension. In this sense, the teachers' strike of 2017 constituted an informative milestone that demands to be analyzed. Objective: Determine the information treatment of the main media to the teachers' strike, its news representation and the hegemonized aspects. Materials and methods: From a review of the published news about the teaching strike and following an inductive methodology, the published information was categorized, in order to recognize the informative contribution, the type of information and the implicit messages published. Results: In the informative treatment, the narrative of the events was privileged, the conjunctural rather than the deepening. The news shows highlighted the scandalous, thus denaturing the essence of the conflict, opting for sensationalism, linking them to violence, anarchy and urban chaos. Conclusion: The press when informing suffered from difficulties for the news representation, avoiding a better understanding.

Resumo Introdução: A abordagem informativa dos conflitos sociais permite estar a par dos acontecimentos, através de representações midiáticas que modelam sistemas simbólicos de representação que destacam o noticiário, refletindo, assim, imagens que afetam ou implicam sua compreensão. Nesse sentido, a greve dos professores de 2017 constituiu um marco informativo que exige ser analisado. Objetivo: Determinar o tratamento da informação dos principais meios de comunicação para a greve dos professores, a sua representação noticiosa e os aspectos hegemonizados. Materiais e métodos: A partir de uma revisão das notícias publicadas sobre a greve de ensino e seguindo uma metodologia indutiva, as informações publicadas foram categorizadas, a fim de reconhecer a contribuição informativa, o tipo de informação e as mensagens implícitas publicadas. Resultados: No tratamento informativo, privilegiava-se a narrativa dos eventos, o conjuntural e não o aprofundamento. Os noticiários mostram o escandaloso, desnaturando assim a essência do conflito, optando pelo sensacionalismo, ligando-o à violência, à anarquia e ao caos urbano. Conclusão: A imprensa ao informar sofria de dificuldades para a representação de notícias, evitando um melhor entendimento.

"À morte com o sindicato": conflito e emergência de uma greve de jogadores de futebol na Espanha (2011) / "Dying with the union": conflicts and emergence of a football players' strike in Spain (2011) / "La muerte con el sindicato": conflictos y emergencia de la huelga de jugadores de fútbol en España (2011)

Este artigo objetivou descrever e analisar a greve dos jogadores espanhóis de futebol, em 2011, iniciada a partir das orientações sindicais manifestadas em processo anterior e durante o movimento. É fruto de pesquisa documental nos jornais espanhóis El País e Marca, de 2008 a 2013, e notícias do sindicato de jogadores da Espanha. Os documentos foram cotejados a fim da reconstituição da narrativa e análise à luz da ideia de Hyman, da geometria sindical. É mostrado que, após mudança na gestão do sindicato, tentativas foram feitas de mobilização, que gradativamente foram alterando as orientações do sindicato em direção a uma ideologia mais classista, pautada na solidariedade e unidade, mas também integração societal, que possibilitaram a emergência da greve

This article describes and analyzes Spain's 2011 football players' strike under their union's orientation ­ before and during the strike. In order to accomplish this, we conducted documental research on two Spanish newspapers (El País and Marca, from 2008 to 2013) and information provided by the football players' Union. We verified those sources to reconstruct the narrative and analyze it based on Hyman's views on union geometry. Our results suggest that after a change in the union's leadership, attempts at mobilization pointed to a classist ideology based on the concept of solidarity and unity, as well as society integration. The strike emerged in that scenario

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar la huelga de futbolistas españoles del año 2011, de las orientaciones sindicales que se pudieron de manifiesto en el proceso previo y durante el conflicto. Este es el resultado de la investigación documental en el diario español El País y el Marca, 2008-2013, así como la información recabada de la Asociación de Futbolistas Españoles. Los documentos han sido cotejados con el fin de la reconstrucción de la narración y posterior análisis, a la luz de la idea de Hyman de la geometría sindical. Se demuestra que, después de un cambio en la gestión del sindicato, se hicieron intentos de movilización, que fueron cambiando gradualmente las orientaciones del sindicato hacia una ideología más clasista, basada en la solidaridad y la unidad, además de la integración social, lo que hizo posible el nacimiento de la huelga

Aspecto médico veterinário legal das lesões em aves silvestres promovidas por colisões com aeronaves / Medico-legal veterinary aspect of lesions in bird strike

The objective of this study was to describe lesions in four birds, victims of collisions with aircraft, coming from the International Airport of Recife/Guararapes Gilberto Freyre, Pernambuco, Brazil. Contused wounds were predominant in birds in this study, characterized by the presence of fractures, bruises and hematomas and justified by the blunt action promoted by the type of vulnerant agent involved (aircraft). The analysis under medico-legal veterinary aspect of lesions in bird strike is essential, because in addition to the attempt to establish a standard for differentiating the aircraft lesions, it can guide the bird strike hazard management programs at airports, since the necropsy allows the identification of the species involved or at least facilitates the obtaining biological material for identification.(AU)

The Influence of Running Shoes and Foot-Strike Patterns on Running Injuries / 医用生物力学

Long distance running is a popular sport with a high risk of getting musculoskeletal injuries, which is closely related to running shoes and foot-strike patterns. Biomechanical researches on relationship of running shoes and foot-strike patterns with running injuries were searched on the chain cloud library and Google academic database, and a total of 42 papers published from 1981 to 2016 were reviewed. There is not enough evidence to prove that running shoes have an effective cushioning and motor controlling function as what they claim, while barefoot running as a kind of more natural running pattern should be encouraged. Generally speaking, the forefoot strike has a lower injury risk on the knee, but increases the load on ankle and metatarsal bones. On the contrary, the rear foot strike always has a higher injury risk on the knee while a lower load on ankle and metatarsal bones. Therefore, runners should choose a suitable running method depending on their own conditions. The influence of running method transformation on biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs is not clear, and researches in such area may give more effective suggestions for runners to change their running methods.

Lesiones por fulguración aspectos clínicos y médicos legales. Presentación de dos casos simultáneos no mortales / Fulguration injuries: clinical and legal aspects. Presentation of two simultaneous non-fatal cases

Resumen Un relámpago o rayo es definido como una gran descarga de corriente eléctrica atmosférica, momentánea y transitoria cuya longitud de trayectoria se mide en kilómetros. Por otro lado, se denomina fulguración a los efectos biológicos gue se producen por acción de la electricidad atmosférica. Se presentan dos casos de mujeres gue sufrieron simultáneamente los efectos de un rayo y sobrevivieron, y en quienes se apreciaron las figuras de Lichtenberg, gue son patognomónicas en la fulguración. Así mismo, se hace hincapié en las demás lesiones externas por fulguración, las cuales ayudan a la evaluación médico-legal.

Abstract Lightning is defined as an electrical discharge in the atmosphere that is momentary and transitory which length is measured in kilometers. On the other hand, fulguration is related the biological effects produced by the atmospheric electricity. In this report, two simultaneous cases of lightning strikes are presented. The individuals survived and the pathognomonic Lichtenberg's figures were presented. Special emphasis is placed in the external lesions by the struck of lightning in order to help the legal-medical evaluation.

Afrontamiento, salud mental y felicidad bajo huelga y ocupación universitaria / Enfrentamento, saúde mental e felicidade sob greve e ocupação da universidade / ScriptCoping, mental health and happiness under strike and university occupation

Se identificó la relación entre estrategias de enfrentamiento, salud mental (SM) y felicidad en trabajadores de una universidad en huelga y ocupación estudiantil, de acuerdo con status laboral - académico o administrativo-, grado de concordancia con el movimiento estudiantil y sexo. Ciento sesenta y dos participantes respondieron a la Escala de felicidad subjetiva y estrategias de enfrentamiento, y a la Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtuvimos y discutimos: 1) el uso del humor está asociado con SM y la felicidad y ésta, a la reevaluación cognitiva, enfrentamiento religioso y bajo enfrentamiento de evitación, 2) mayor malestar por la ocupación - peor SM, 3) no tener acceso a el espacio de trabajo está asociado con peor SM, más con iguales niveles de felicidad que los que tuvieron acceso, 4) el enfrentamiento varía de acuerdo con el status de académico o administrativo y con el sexo, 5) SM y felicidad no varían de acuerdo con el status académico, 6) aquellos que son pro-movimiento estudiantil presentan mejor SM que aquellos que no lo son

Identificamos a relação entre estratégias de enfrentamento, saúde mental (SM) e felicidade em trabalhadores de uma universidade em greve e com ocupação estudantil, de acordo com: o status laboral (acadêmico ou administrativo), o grau de concordância com o movimento estudantil e o sexo. Cento e sessenta e dois participantes responderam à Escala de felicidade subjetiva e estratégias de enfrentamento, e à Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtivemos e discutimos: 1) o uso de humor está associado à SM e à felicidade e esta, à reavaliação cognitiva, ao enfrentamento religioso e ao baixo enfrentamento de evitação; 2) quanto maior o mal-estar pela ocupação, pior a SM; 3) não ter acesso ao espaço de trabalho está associado com pior SM, mas com iguais níveis de felicidade do que aqueles que tiveram acesso; 4) o enfrentamento varia de acordo com o status de acadêmico ou administrativo e com o sexo; 5) SM e felicidade não variam de acordo com o status acadêmico, 6) aqueles que são pró-movimento estudantil apresentam melhor SM do que aqueles que não são o são

We identify the relationship between coping strategies, mental health (MH) and happiness in university workers during a student's strike-campus occupation, according to the status or role -academic or administrative- , degree of agreement to the social movement claims and gender. One hundred sixty-two participants responded the Coping Strategies and Subjective Happiness Scale, and to the Goldberg GHQ12 Scale. It was obtained and discussed that: 1) the use of humor was related with MH, and this was related to happiness, cognitive reprocessing, religious coping and low avoiding coping; 2) the greater discomfort caused by the occupation of campus the lower MH level; 3) those who had no access to their offices, have worse MH than those who did have access, with equal levels of happiness; 4) coping strategies change according role and gender; 5) there is no differences between role types according to MH or happiness, 6) those who are pro social movement have better MH than those who are not

The influence of shod conditions and foot-strike patterns on foot force characteristics during jogging / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the influence of barefoot running and shod running with different foot-strike patterns on characteristics of plantar pressures and ground reaction force (GRF).Methods Kistler force plates and Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect the kinetic data from a total of 12 healthy male volunteers under shod and barefoot conditions with heel strike and forefoot strike at the speed of 3 m/s,including the GRF,the peak impact force,the maximum loading rate,the peak plantar pressure and impulse.Results (1) Shod running with heel strike significantly reduced the maximum loading rate and extended the time to reach the peak impact force.Under forefoot strike pattern,shod running significantly increased the maximum push-off force than barefoot running.(2) More plantar pressure parameters were influenced by the foot-strike patterns as compared to those under the shod conditions,and there was a significant difference in the peak pressure and the time to reach the peak pressure in the mid-foot and heel region between two foot-strike patterns.Conclusions The foot-strike pattern shows a more obvious influence on plantar pressure during jogging than the shod conditions.Shod running with heel strike can reduce the impact load,while barefoot running with forefoot strike can cause an excessive concentration of plantar pressure on the forefoot region,indicating that a suitable pair of sports shoes is needed for both foot-strike patterns to reduce the plantar pressure during jogging.

The influence of shod conditions and foot-strike patterns on foot force characteristics during jogging / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the influence of barefoot running and shod running with different foot-strike patterns on characteristics of plantar pressures. Methods Kistler force plates and Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect and compare the kinetic data from a total of 12 healthy male volunteers under shod and barefoot conditions with heel-toe run and toe-toe run at the speed of 3 m/s, including the GRF, loading rate, plantar pressure and impulse. Results (1) Shod running with heel-toe strike significantly reduced the maximum loading rate and extended the time to reach the peak of impact force. Under forefoot strike pattern, shod running significantly increased the maximum push-off force than barefoot running. (2) More plantar pressure parameters were influenced by the foot-strike patterns as compared to those under the shod conditions, and there was a significant difference in the peak pressure and the time to reach the peak pressure in the mid-foot and heel region between the two foot-strike patterns. Conclusions The foot-strike pattern shows a more obvious influence on plantar pressure during jogging than the shod conditions. Shod running with heel strike can reduce the impact force, while barefoot running with forefoot strike can cause an excessive concentration of plantar pressure on the forefoot region, which indicates that a suitable pair of sports shoes is needed for both foot-strike patterns to reduce plantar pressure during jogging.