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Introduction: Primary maternal rubella virus infectionduring the first trimester of pregnancy carries a high risk fordevelopment of congenital rubella syndrome. According tothe estimate of World Health Organization, worldwide morethan 100,000 children are born with CRS each year. Mostof these children are born in developing countries. Severalguidelines suggest routine rubella serology testing in womentrying for pregnancy. Objectives: This study was conductedto assess immunity (seroprevalence) to rubella among Indianwomen of childbearing age attending subfertility clinic and toobserve the trend over the years.Material and methods: Women attending subfertility clinichad serum sample tested to determine the seropositivityas part of subfertility work up. Rubella seropositivity wasdetermined by estimating IgG antibodies to rubella virus usingCLIA method.Results: The study period was from January 2011 to December2018. Three hundred and seventy seven women were testedfor estimation of Rubella IgG. Overall seronegativity was29.4%. Interestingly this seronegativity rate was very similarover the study period, demonstrating overall nearly one-thirdof the subfertile women were susceptible to rubella.Conclusion: These observations indicate high rubellasusceptibility among women in the childbearing age grouptrying for pregnancy. There is a need for detection ofseroprevalence in subfertile population in Eastern India; sothat appropriate vaccination can prevent this preventabletragedy of perinatal / neonatal morbidity. Further study isneeded to determine the magnitude of problem in other settings(Government hospital, rural population, low socioeconomicstatus).
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Introduction: Infertility is defined as ‘the failure to achievea clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regularunprotected sexual intercourse’ by WHO. The WHO estimatesthe overall prevalence of primary infertility in India to bebetween 3.9% and 16.8%. The study was done to assess therole of diagnostic laparoscopy in infertile patients in a ruraltertiary care hospital, in southern India.Materail and method: This is a retrospective study conductedin tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. All patientswith complaints of infertility (primary and secondary) whowere admitted and evaluated for infertility in OBG departmentof MVJ medical college, Hoskote for a period of one yearwere included in the study.60 patients underwent diagnosticlaparoscopy .The prevalence of abnormalities were note.Results: Sixty patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopywith chromopertubation for infertility during period of oneyear. Among 60 patients, 45 (76.66%) patients had primaryinfertility and 15(23.34%) patients had secondary infertility.The patient’s age distribution was between 18 – 38 yrs.Maximum number of patients were between 20- 30 years.Among 60 patients , 26 (43.33%) patients had abnormallaparoscopic findings.Multiple abnormalities were foundin most of the patients .18(30%) patients had PID and itssqueal of peritubal adhesions , 11(18.3%) patients had PCOD, 4(6.66%) patients had endometriosis, 1(2.77%)patient hadhypoplastic uterus, 7(11.66%) patients had uterine fibroids,10(16.66%0 patients had tubal block on chromopertubation .Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy provides an unobstructedmagnified view of the pelvic reproductive organs. Ovarian,tubal and peritoneal surface pathology can be easily identifiedwhich are missed on routine infertility work up Hencediagnostic laparoscopy is an essential investigation in theevaluation of female infertility and also helps in decisionmaking, patient selection for IUI , IVF or natural conceptionand in treating infertile couples.
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Male obesity is associated with subfertility and increased disease risk of offspring. It is unknown if effects can be reversed through pharmacological interventions. Five- to 6-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed control diet (n = 10, CD) or high-fat diet (n = 20, HFD) for 16 weeks. Animals fed with a HFD were then allocated to continuation of HFD (n = 8) or HFD with metformin 28 mg kg
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de plasma seminal de garanhões de alta e baixa fertilidade sobre a congelabilidade e a viabilidade de espermatozoides do ejaculado (EJ) e do epidídimo (EP) de garanhões subférteis. Foram utilizados seis garanhões com histórico de subfertilidade. Após coleta, espermatozoides do ejaculado foram divididos em três alíquotas: BotuSêmen® (EJ-CT); plasma seminal de alta qualidade espermática (EJ-PS1); e plasma seminal de baixa qualidade espermática (EJ-PS2). O mesmo protocolo foi realizado com espermatozoides da cauda do epidídimo após orquiectomia (EP-CT; EP-PS1; EP-PS2). Foram realizadas avaliações da cinética espermática pelo CASA e análises de integridade de membrana, acrossoma, fragmentação de DNA, capacitação espermática e peroxidação espermática por citometria de fluxo. Não foram observadas diferenças na cinética espermática entre EJ e EP, logo após a descongelação. Porém, foi observada maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de células com membranas plasmática e acrossomal íntegras nos grupos EP (EP-CT:31,7±7,5b; EP-PS1:35,2±7,0b; EP-PS2:33,9±7,2b) em comparação aos grupos EJ (EJ-CT:15,1±4,9a; EJ-PS1:11,7±4,5a; EJ-PS2:13,1±5,2a). Adicionalmente, foram observadas diferenças no índice de fragmentação de DNA (EJ-CT:2,6±0,6a; EJ-PS1:2,4±0,8a; EJ-PS2:3,0±0,8a; EP-CT:1,4±0,4b; EP-PS1:1,2±0,3b; EP-PS2:1,3±0,2b). Concluiu-se que a adição de 20% de plasma seminal, oriundo de animais férteis ou subférteis, previamente à congelação de espermatozoides epidídimários de animais subférteis não interfere na qualidade espermática.(AU)
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the addition of seminal plasma from high and low fertility stallions on sperm viability of frozen-thawed sperm cells from ejaculate and from epididymal tail of subfertile stallions. Six stallions with a history of subfertility were used. After collection, ejaculate spermatozoa were divided into three aliquots: Botu-Semen® (EJ-CT); High-quality seminal plasma (EJ-PS1); Low-quality seminal plasma (EJ-PS2). The same was done with sperm cells from epididymis tail after orchiectomy (EP-CT; EP-PS1; EP-PS2). Evaluations of sperm kinetics were assessed by CASA and membrane and acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, sperm capacitation and sperm peroxidation were assessed by flow cytometry. After thawing, no differences were observed between ejaculated sperm (EJ) and epididymal sperm (EP) in any CASA evaluations. However, higher (P< 0.05) percentage of cells with intact plasma and acrossomal membranes was observed in EP groups (EP-CT:31.7±7.5b; EP-PS1:35.2±7.0b; EP-PS2:33.9±7.2b) compared to EJ groups (EJ-CT:15.1±4.9a, EJ-PS1:11.7±4.5a, EJ-PS2:13.1±5,2a). In addition, differences in DNA fragmentation index were observed (EJ-CT:2.6±0.6a; EJ-PS1:2.4±0.8a; EJ-PS2:3.0±0.8a; CT:1.4±0.4b; EP-PS1:1.2±0.3b; EP-PS2:1.3±0.2b). It was concluded that the addition of 20% seminal plasma from fertile or subfertile animals prior to the freezing of epididymal spermatozoa from subfertile animals does not interfere in sperm quality.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Epididymis , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Horses , Infertility, Male/veterinaryABSTRACT
Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. We showed that men who presented isolated chronic epididymitis were more likely to have high percentages of low sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Men with isolated Grade III varicocele had low sperm production and motility and an increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology. Finally, men who simultaneously presented chronic epididymitis with Grade III varicocele had a low sperm motility and increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Physical examination of the genital organs may identify common disorders, potentially involved as causal factors of patient's infertility. These disorders are associated with specific seminal profiles that should help in identifying the best treatment from the available therapeutic options, effectiveness, safety, and allowing as much as possible natural conception.
ABSTRACT
Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. We showed that men who presented isolated chronic epididymitis were more likely to have high percentages of low sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Men with isolated Grade III varicocele had low sperm production and motility and an increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology. Finally, men who simultaneously presented chronic epididymitis with Grade III varicocele had a low sperm motility and increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Physical examination of the genital organs may identify common disorders, potentially involved as causal factors of patient's infertility. These disorders are associated with specific seminal profiles that should help in identifying the best treatment from the available therapeutic options, effectiveness, safety, and allowing as much as possible natural conception.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Argentina , Chronic Disease , Epididymitis/pathology , Infertility, Male/pathology , Semen/cytology , Semen Analysis , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa/pathology , Varicocele/pathologyABSTRACT
The success of transvaginal follicular aspiration in mares can be influenced by several factors, such as vacuum pump pressure levels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different negative pressures (150, 280 and 400mmHg) of the vacuum pump on the oocyte recovery in the mares. The mares (n=10) were undergoing follicular aspiration using three different negative pressures for three consecutive estrous cycles as follows: G150 = 150mmHg (n = 10); G280 = 280mmHg (n = 10); G400 = 400mmHg (n = 10). Every estrous cycle, the group that the mare would participate was drawn, and each animal participated once in each group. Only preovulatory follicle was used, about 30 to 36 hours after application of hCG. To compare the results, the chi-square test was used (5% significance) and Fisher exact test, when recommended. Thirty preovulatory follicles (diameter 36.1±1.80mm) were aspirated and ten oocytes were recovered (33.3%). There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups (p=0.59). Thus, accord to the results observed in this study, we could conclude that the negative pressure of the vacuum pump used was not efficient to increase oocyte recovery.(AU)
O sucesso da técnica de aspiração folicular transvaginal em éguas pode ser influenciado de maneira determinante por diversos fatores, tais como níveis de pressão da bomba de vácuo. Diante disso, o presente experimento visou investigar o efeito de diferentes pressões negativas (150, 280 e 400mmHg) da bomba de vácuo sobre a taxa de recuperação de oócitos em éguas. As éguas (n=10) foram submetidas à aspiração folicular utilizando-se três diferentes pressões negativas por três ciclos estrais consecutivos, da seguinte maneira: G150= 150mmHg (n=10); G280= 280mmHg (n=10); G400= 400mmHg (n=10). A cada ciclo estral, sorteava-se o grupo do qual a égua participaria, sendo que cada animal integrou um grupo somente uma vez. Foi puncionado somente folículo pré-ovulatório, em torno de 30 a 36 horas após a aplicação do hCG. Os resultados foram comparados utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado (a 5% de significância) e o Fisher Exato, quando recomendados. Foram aspirados 30 folículos pré-ovulatórios (diâmetro 36,1±1,80mm) e recuperados 10 oócitos (33,3%). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos experimentais (P=0,59). Dessa forma, mediante os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, foi possível concluir que a pressão negativa da bomba de vácuo utilizada não se mostrou determinante para elevar a recuperação oocitária.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Horses , Oocyte Retrieval/methods , Ovarian Follicle , Infertility, FemaleABSTRACT
Infectious endometritis is one of the main causes of subfertility/infertility in the mare. In this report, we present the first case of endometritis in mare associated with a strain of Enterococcus casseliflavus, an unusual gram-positive bacterium which can also be a zoonotic agent. Furthermore, the isolated strain showed a worrying multidrug-resistant profile. The accurate finding of a successful antimicrobial treatment and consequently, the pregnancy diagnosis indicate the importance to isolate, identify and define the anti-biotic resistance profile of bacteria associated with endometritis.
ABSTRACT
Infectious endometritis is one of the main causes of subfertility/infertility in the mare. In this report, we present the first case of endometritis in mare associated with a strain of Enterococcus casseliflavus, an unusual gram-positive bacterium which can also be a zoonotic agent. Furthermore, the isolated strain showed a worrying multidrug-resistant profile. The accurate finding of a successful antimicrobial treatment and consequently, the pregnancy diagnosis indicate the importance to isolate, identify and define the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria associated with endometritis.
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Objetivo: evaluar los parámetros seminales en varones con sospecha de infertilidad. Métodos: se analizaron 138 muestras seminales. La evaluación se realizó mediante análisis seminal según criterios de la OMS 2010. Resultados: la edad de los pacientes estaba comprendida entre los 20 a 57 años, con un promedio de 32,8 ± 6,7. El 61,6 % de los pacientes tenían normozoospermia, 9,4 % tenían azoospermia y 0,7% aspermia, el 28,3% presentaron uno o más parámetros alterados (4,3% presentaron alteración en volumen, 5,1% alteración en concentración espermática, 6,5% alteración en movilidad, 0,7% alteración en morfología y 0,7% alteración en vitalidad, el 11% presento más de una alteración). Se observó diferencia significativa entre muestras normozoospermicas y con alteración: en volumen (p=0,02), en la concentración espermática, N° total de espermatozoides, total de espermatozoide motiles (TEM), motilidad espermática, vitalidad y morfología normal con un valor de (p=0,00). Conclusiones:el estudio muestra que, a mayor edad, existe un incremento en las alteraciones seminales. Los parámetros seminales como volumen, concentración, vitalidad, motilidad progresiva y morfología, muestran un alto porcentaje de anormalidad. Siendo la movilidad progresiva el parámetro más afectado.
Objetives: evaluate seminal parameters in males suspected with infertility. Methods: 138 seminal samples were analyzed. The evaluation was performed using seminal analysis according to the criteria of OMS 2010. Results: the patients age was understood to be between 20 to 57 years, with a median age of 32,8± 6,7. The 61,6% of patients were normozoospermics, 9,4 % were azoospermic and 0,7% as-permic, 28,3% had one or more altered parameters (4,3% showed alteration in volume, 5,1% altered in spermatic concentration, 6,5% alter in mobility, 0,7% altered in morphology and 0,7% change in vitality, the 11% was shown to have more than one alterations). It was observed that there was a significant amount of difference between normozoospermics samples and with change: in volume (p=0,02), in spermatic concentration, total number of sperm, total sperm motile (TEM), sperm motility, vitality and normal morphology with a value of (p=0,00). Conclusions: The results of this study show that at an older age, there is an increase in the seminal alteration. The parameters of the volume, spermatic concentration, vitality, progressive motility and normal morphology, show a high percentage of abnormality, being the most affected parameter progressive motility.
Subject(s)
Infertility, Male , Semen AnalysisABSTRACT
Aims: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions on the Y chromosome in Sri Lankan Sinhalese infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Settings and Design: The patient group was 207 karyotypically normal infertile Sinhalese males. Materials and Methods: The presence of 13 sequence-tagged site (STS) markers in the AZF region was tested using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR). One hundred and twenty unselected men were also studied as a control group. Results: Three (1.5%) had classic Y chromosome microdeletions in the AZFc sub-region. Conclusions: These results suggest a much lower Y chromosome microdeletion frequency than previously thought, even among a strictly selected group of sub-fertile males in Sri Lanka.
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ANTECEDENTES: La subfertilidad corresponde a una condición que afecta entre el 10-17% de las parejas. Dentro de las causas, los factores anovulatorios corresponden al 27% de los casos. Las parejas subfértiles deben ser estudiadas con el fin de descartar el factor ovulatorio. No existe consenso en los exámenes que deberían ser realizados en la evaluación inicial del factor ovulatorio. OBJETIVO: Evaluar críticamente los exámenes disponibles para investigar el factor ovulatorio como parte de la evaluación inicial en las pacientes con subfertilidad. CONCLUSIÓN: El análisis de la evidencia, establece que la determinación de la progesterona sérica en el día 23 del ciclo menstrual es el examen a realizar en la evaluación inicial de la ovulación en pacientes subfértiles.
BACKGROUND: Subfertility is a clinical condition which affects between 10-17% of couples during their reproductive age. Amongst its causes, anovulatory factors are responsible for the 27% of the cases. In this aspect, subfertile couples should be investigated with the purpose of to rule out anovulation as subfertility cause. However, and in spite of decades of developments, to date there is no consensus on which test should be performed as a part of initial evaluation on these patients. OBJECTIVE: To critically evaluate the available tests to investigate the anovulatory factor as a component of the initial evaluation on subfertile patients. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the evidence establishes that the determination of serum progesterone on day 23 of the menstrual cycle, is the test to perform in the initial assessment of ovulation in subfertile patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infertility, Female/diagnosis , Infertility, Female/etiology , Anovulation/complicationsABSTRACT
O trabalho teve como objetivo geral fazer um estudo comparativo da histologia endometrial e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona (P4) em éguas, repetidoras ou não de cio. A hipótese do presente estudo é que existe correlação entre o histórico de infertilidade, os achados histopatológicos e a concentração de P4 destes animais. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 36 éguas, em idade reprodutiva (3-23 anos), das raças Mangalarga Marchador e Campolina. Utilizaram-se éguas não repetidoras (n=11) como grupo controle, sendo 4 éguas doadoras e 7 receptoras; e repetidoras de cio (n=25), 15 doadoras e 10 receptoras. Tal classificação foi realizada de acordo com o histórico reprodutivo destes animais. Amostras de endométrio foram coletadas para a realização de avaliação histopatológica e amostras de sangue para a mensuração das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona. Os fragmentos de tecido endometrial obtidos pela biópsia foram fixados no Fixador de Bouin. Posteriormente os fragmentos foram processados e incluídos em parafina. Os cortes foram corados por Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE) para exame histopatológico. As concentrações plasmáticas de P4 foram mensuradas pelo método de enzima-imunoensaio (ELISA). Não foi observada correlação entre as concentrações de P4 e a subfertilidade, sendo estas variáveis tratadas como independentes. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a idade e a subfertilidade (p<0.05), assim, quanto mais velha a égua, maior a subfertilidade. Foi observada uma correlação entre a categoria da biópsia e a subfertilidade (p<0.05), ou seja, quanto mais alterações histológicas, maiores as chances da égua ser subfértil. Contudo, nem todas as éguas classificadas na Categoria I e II levaram a gestação a termo e nem todas da Categoria III tiveram falhas na reprodução, pois, deve-se considerar que outros fatores podem influenciar na manutenção da gestação. A biópsia endometrial demonstrou ser uma técnica fácil, segura, barata e com um desconforto...
The study aimed to compare endometrial histology and plasmatic progesterone (P4) concentration of repeat breeds and healthy mares. The hypothesis was that there is a correlation between infertility and endometrial histology and P4 concentration in both groups. A total of 36 Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador mares in reproductive age (3-23 years) were used, 11 of them were healthy mares (Control group, 7 embryo recipient and 4 embryo donors), and 25 repeat breeders (10 embryo recipient and 15 embryo donors), classified as based on their reproductive history. Endometrial and blood samples were collected for respectively histological and plasma progesterone concentration evaluation. The endometrial samples obtained after biopsy were fixed in Bouin's fluid, processed, included in paraffin, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) for histopathological examination. Plasmatic progesterone concentrations were evaluated by enzyme immunoessay (ELISA). There was no correlation between progesterone concentration and fertility. But there was a positive correlation between age and fertility, as older mares had major tendency of subfertility than younger ones. There was also a correlation between biopsy categories and fertility, as more histological alterations were found, higher were the chances for the mares to be subfertile. However not all mares classified as Category I and II maintained pregnancy until parturition. Other factors could influence pregnancy maintenance. In the same way, not all mares in Category III were infertile. The endometrial biopsy was shown to be an easy and cheap diagnostic technique with minimal discomfort to the animals and, together with other data, to be a very important component in the investigation of mare fertility.