ABSTRACT
La calidad de vida es un aspecto central de la nueva conceptualización de la discapacidad intelectual, siendo necesario el estudio de variables ambientales. Para ello, se analizaron los factores asociados a la calidad de vida en 105 personas con discapacidad intelectual (Professional Career Development Institute-PCDI-), procedentes de tres instituciones públicas de Lima-Perú. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala Integral de Calidad de Vida (Verdugo, Arias, & Gómez, 2009), conformada por dos escalas: Calidad de Vida Objetiva, dirigida al cuidador y Calidad de Vida Subjetiva dirigida a la PCDI, ambas aplicadas mediante una entrevista. Para establecer la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, trabajo, condición socioeconómica y tipo de familia) con la calidad de vida se realizaron análisis correlacionales utilizando técnicas bivariadas y de regresión. Las PCDI tuvieron edades comprendidas entre 15 y 45 años, siendo 39 (37%) mujeres y 66 (62.9%) varones. El 13.3% fue de condición socioeconómica no pobre, 63.8% pobre y 22.9% pobre extremo, según el reporte de las instituciones de procedencia. En el análisis bivariado de la Escala Objetiva, se observó asociación con las variables sexo, trabajo asalariado y condición socioeconómica; cuando estas variables fueron sometidas a análisis de regresión múltiple, los mejores predictores resultaron ser trabajo asalariado y condición socioeconómica. Por otra parte, en la Escala Subjetiva el único predictor significativo fue la condición de pobreza. Estos resultados indican que la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual es afectada por distintas variables sociodemográficas que es necesario estudiar, entre ellas la condición de pobreza parece ser la más importante.
Quality of life is a central aspect of the new conceptualization of intellectual disability. Contrary to prior beliefs, intellectual disability is currently considered the sum of practical, social and conceptual abilities; that is, intelligence as measured by standardized IQ tests is no longer considered the only and most fundamental aspect of this phenomenon. In line with this idea, environmental variables have regained interest as an important feature which researchers should attempt to understand. Thus, it is important to examine which sociodemographic factors are more associated with quality of life in people with intellectual disability. Since such variable simply an important cultural component, it is important that these studies be done in different cultural contexts. However, there is a paucity of research on the topic in Latin America and, specifically, in Peru. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with quality of life in people with intellectual disability from three public institutions of Lima-Peru. The study sample was composed by 115 participants with intellectual disability aged between 15 and 45 years; 39 (37%) were women and 66 (62.9%) were men; 13.3% had non-poor socioeconomic status, 63.8% had a poor status and 22.9% had extreme poor status according to the report of the institutions of origin. The measure used was the Integral Scale of Quality of Life (Verdugo, Arias & Gómez, 2009). This measure is composed of two scales: The Objective scale (filled out by the caregiver), and the Subjective scale (filled out by people with intellectual disabilities themselves). In order to establish the association between sociodemographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of family), correlational analyses were performed using bivariate and regression techniques. The correlation between the Objective and Subjective scales of quality of life was low (r = .252). In the bivariate analysis of the Objective scale, an association was observed between this scale and the variables gender, paid work and socioeconomic status. When these variables were analyzed using multiple regression techniques, both paid work and socioeconomic status were the best predictors of quality of life as measured by the Objective scale. On the other hand, the only significant predictor of the Subjective scale was poverty condition. These results indicate that quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities is affected by different sociodemographic variables, and poverty seems to be the most important. It is also worth highlighting the fact that sex was an important variable associated with quality of life. Consequently, it is recommendable to develop studies of disability with a special emphasis on gender. In addition, it is important to notice that quality of life reported by people with intellectual disability shows only a low association with their caregiver's reports. Therefore, both points of view -those of people with disabilities and of their caregivers- are needed to obtain comprehensive results. Moreover, sociodemographic factors shared an important amount of variance with objective quality of life (i.e. that reported by the caregiver) but not with subjective quality of life (i.e. that reported by the person with intellectual disability). These findings stress the importance of taking the opinions of people with intellectual disability into consideration, and of identifying other associated factors that constitute better predictors of subjective quality of life.
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Objective To development a subjective quality of life of farmers and provide the evaluation of measurement tools of the the quality of life. Methods Established items library by policy learning,literature review, consulting experts, learn questionnaires, questionnaire surveying and interview, then about 536 farms and 332farms are picked out randomly as samples from Yunan and Henan provide,Item analysis,factor analysis and analysis of reliability and validity are executed. Results ( 1 ) Item analysis showed this questionnaire had satisfactory item discrimination,the correlations between items and total scores were significant,the correlation coefficient of items above 0.3. (2) Exploratory showed analysis find the factor loading range from 0. 425 to 0. 912 . Eigenvalue greater than 1, three sub-questionnaires cumulative total explained variance was 51. 603%, 50. 130% and 55. 676%. Confirmatory factor analysis had a higher goodness of fit. ( 3 ) Cronbacha' α coefficient range from 0.5989 to 0.9241 ,split-half reliability range from 0. 5897 to 0. 8936 and criterion validity range from 0. 125 to 0. 640. Conclusion The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and can be used as a measurement tool for measuring the quality of life of farmers.
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@#Objective To explore the characteristics of subjective quality of life and family environment in children with tic disorder (TD) combined with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The Inventory of Subjective Life Quality (ISLQ) for Child and Adolescent and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) were used to assess the subjective quality of life and family environment in 60 children with TD combined with ADHD (observation group) and 60 children with TD not combined with ADHD (control group). Results The scores in peer interaction, school life, self-cognition, depression experience, overall satisfaction of the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05) in ISLQ; the scores in intellectual-cultural orientation, cohesion and organization of the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05) in FES-CV. Conclusion Children with TD combined with ADHD had low subjective quality of life and poor family environment.
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@#Objective To explore the characteristics of subjective quality of life and family environment in children with tic disorder (TD) combined with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The Inventory of Subjective Life Quality (ISLQ) for Child and Adolescent and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) were used to assess the subjective quality of life and family environment in 60 children with TD combined with ADHD (observation group) and 60 children with TD not combined with ADHD (control group). Results The scores in peer interaction, school life, self-cognition, depression experience, overall satisfaction of the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05) in ISLQ; the scores in intellectual-cultural orientation, cohesion and organization of the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05) in FES-CV. Conclusion Children with TD combined with ADHD had low subjective quality of life and poor family environment.
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@#Objective To investigate the subjective quality of life(SQOL)in schizophrenia outpatients and explore the relationships among symptomology,drug-induced extrapyramidal side effects(EPS)and SQOL.Methods198 eligible subjects were recruited and interviewed using standard instruments.Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used.ResultsEPS was found to significantly predict physical SQOL domain while anxiety and positive symptoms predicted psychological,social and environmental SQOL domains,respectively.ConclusionSQOL of schizophrenia outpatients could be improved if their anxiety and positive symptoms and EPS are effectively controlled.
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Objective:To explore the subjective quality of life of pediatric patients.Methods:42 children with acute diseases, 38 with chronic diseases and 57 normal children were investigated with Children's Subjective Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: The subjective life satisfaction were similar in acute disease group (159.9?13.9) and in chronic group (160.0?16.9), which were lower than normal control (165.8?17.6). Multiple regression showed that girls, from urban area, late onset, longer duration, less activities out of class, lack of support from relatives, poor mental health of parents were risk factors. Conclusion: Children with acute or chronic diseases have poorer life quality than normal control.
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Objective:To study the influencing factors in school and family for children's subjective life quality.Methods:The elementary school students of grade 4～6 were measured with the questionnaire about subjective well-being in children and self-control parents' questionnaire.Analysis of variance or x 2 test was made in order to study the influence of school and family factors on subjective life quality among children.Results:The academic performance or peer relationship significantly affected the children's subjective life quality in general satisfaction, emotions and cognitions( P