ABSTRACT
Los métodos diagnósticos clásicos de tuberculosis (TB) se basan en la utilización de baciloscopía y cultivo. La identificación del agente etiológico desde la positivización del cultivo requiere entre 10 y 15 días, mientras que el empleo de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) disminuye el tiempo a 24 h, lo que permite no solo identificar las subespecies del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMTB) sino también diferenciarlas de otras especies ambientales clínicamente importantes (MOTT) facilitando el diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la utilidad de la PCR en la identificación temprana de las micobacterias pertenecientes al CMTB, a partir de cultivos positivos, de pacientes con sospecha de TB, atendidos en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad, durante un período de cuatro años. A cada muestra, se le realizó baciloscopía y cultivo en medio líquido. A los cultivos positivos, una inmunocromatografía lateral (TBIDR) y luego PCR. El 4,6% del total de muestras (510/11.162) pertenecientes a 198 pacientes presentó cultivos positivos. Cuatrocientos veintiseis (84%) correspondieron a muestras respiratorias. El rendimiento de la baciloscopía directa fue del 41% (194/470). Cuatrocientos treinta y ocho (86%) resultaron M. tuberculosis, 21 (4%) Mycobacterium bovis, 7 (1%), M. bovis-BCG y 44 (9%) MOTT. La utilización de medios de cultivos líquidos junto con el empleo de PCR favorecen una rápida orientación microbiológica y constituye una estrategia útil para optimizar el manejo clínico de estas infecciones, desde el punto de vista terapéutico y epidemiológico, especialmente en pediatría (AU)
Classical diagnostic methods for tuberculosis (TB) are based on the use of smear microscopy and culture. The identification of the etiological agent from positive culture requires 10 to 15 days, while the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reduces the time to 24 h, which allows not only to identify the subspecies of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) but also to differentiate them from clinically important environmental mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), facilitating diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of PCR in the early identification of mycobacteria belonging to the MTC, from positive cultures of patients with suspected TB seen in a pediatric tertiary hospital over a 4-year period. For each sample, smear microscopy and culture in liquid medium was performed. Positive cultures were subjected to lateral immunochromatography (TBIDR) and then PCR. Of the total number of samples (510/11,162) belonging to 198 patients, 4.6% showed positive cultures; 426 (84%) were respiratory samples. The direct smear microscopy yield was 41% (194/470). Overall, 438 (86%) were found to be M. tuberculosis, 21 (4%) Mycobacterium bovis, 7 (1%), M. bovis-BCG, and 44 (9%) MOTT. The use of liquid culture media together with the use of PCR favors a rapid microbiological orientation and is a useful strategy to optimize the clinical management of these infections, from a therapeutic and epidemiological point of view, especially in children (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Aminopeptidase A (Pep A) is a metal-dependent enzyme that specifically hydrolyze peptides with the N-terminal amino acids glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp). A possible application of PepA is the hydrolysis of Glu/Asp-rich food proteins such as wheat gluten and casein, increasing the flavor and solubility of food protein. In the present study, the gene encoding a Pep A from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 was synthesized and introduced into Pichia pastoris GS115 (His4). Lc-Pep A was successfully expressed and secreted to the culture medium, followed by identification and purification to homogeneity. Characteristics study demonstrated that Lc-Pep A could specifically hydrolyze the substrates Glu-pNA and Asp-pNA with similar catalytic activity, and this was further confirmed by the kinetics parameters measured. Additionally, Lc-Pep A showed a broad thermostability and pH stability with an optimum temperature of 60 ℃ and an optimum pH of 8.0. The enzyme activity of Lc-Pep A was activated by metal ions Co2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ but was strongly inhibited by Ni2+and Cu2+. The routine proteinase inhibitor had no effect on the activity of Lc-Pep A. However, Lc-Pep A was strongly inhibited by the metallopeptidase inhibitor, EDTA, and disulfide bond-reducing agents. The study may facilitate production and application of Lc-Pep A.
Subject(s)
Glutamyl Aminopeptidase , Lactococcus lactis/genetics , Biological Transport , Culture Media , Glutamic AcidABSTRACT
The genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) is widespread across the northern hemisphere, but also species-rich in the tropical Andes. In the Peruvian Andes the genus is mostly found in at least seasonally moist cloud and scrub forests, subparamo habitats and hedges. However, some taxa are from more extreme habitats in semi-arid habitats of the western slope of the Andes (Andean scrub, Ribes ovalifolium) respectively high Andean puna and paramo habitats at elevations of up to 5100 m asl (Ribes cuneifolium and some doubtful segregates). These species share small, weakly divided leaves, making them quite atypical for the genus, usually with large, deeply threeto five-lobed leaves. Both the geographical ranges and the species delimitation for both taxa are poorly understood. We here propose the recognition of only two, well-differentiated species. Ribes ovalifolium can be shown to be wide-ranging from northern Ancash to Tacna, covering nearly the entire western flank of the Peruvian Andes. Similarly, Ribes cuneifolium can be shown to represent a single, wide-ranging species from high elevations of San Martín/La Libertad to Cuzco. There is considerable diversity on details of indument, flower color and leaf shape, but no clear dividing lines permitting the recognition of segregates such as Ribes incertum J.F.Macbr. The only exception are cloud-forest populations of Ribes cuneifolium in Pasco, which we propose to segregate as a new subspecies Ribes cuneifolium subsp. pascoense based on their considerably larger leaves and inflorescences.
El género Ribes (Grossulariaceae) es principalmente distribuido en el hemisferio norte, pero también presente con muchas especies en los Andes tropicales. En los Andes del Perú el género principalmente se encuentra en bosque nublado, el subpáramo, cercos vivos y matorrales de zonas por lo menos estacionalmente húmedos. Sin embargo, algunas especies son presentes en hábitats más extremos, así como matorrales del flanco occidental de los Andes (matorral Andino, Ribes ovalifolium) respectivamente la puna y el páramo altoandino hasta los 5100 m de altitud. (Ribes cuneifolium y algunos segregados dudosos). Estas especies tienen hojas pequeñas, poco divisas, muy atípicas para el género, normalmente provisto de hojas largas, con tres ó cinco lobos profundos. Tanto la distribución como la delimitación de las especies son poco entendidas. El presente estudio presenta una revisión taxonómica de las especies, proponiendo el reconocimiento de solamente dos especies bien diferenciadas. Ribes ovalifolium tiene un rango amplio desde el Norte de Ancash hasta Tacna a lo largo del flanco occidental de los Andes del Perú. Igualmente, demostramos que Ribes cuneifolium representa una sola especie de amplia distribución de grandes alturas desde San Martín/La Libertad hasta Cuzco. Ribes cuneifolium demuestra una diversidad morfológica considerable en detalles del indumento, color de las flores y morfología foliar, pero no encontramos morfotipos claramente delineados justificando la segregación de especies adicionales, como el Ribes incertum J.F.Macbr. Las únicas excepciones son las poblaciones de Ribes cuneifolium del bosque nublado de Pasco. Proponemos el reconocimiento de este material como subespecie Ribes cuneifolium subsp. pascoense basado en sus hojas e inflorescencias mucho más grandes.
ABSTRACT
During the last two decades, our understanding of the genetics of African elephant populations has greatly increased. Strong evidence, both morphological and genetic, supports recognition of two African elephant species: the savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the forest elephant (L. cyclotis). Among elephantids, phylogeographic patterns for mitochondrial DNA are highly incongruent with those detected using nuclear DNA markers, and this incongruence is almost certainly due to strongly male-biased geneflow in elephants. As our understanding of elephant population genetics has grown, a number of observations may be considered enigmatic or anomalous. Here, several of theseare discussed. (i) There are a number of within-species morphological differences purported to exist among elephants in different geographic regions, which would be difficult to reconcile with the low genetic differentiation among populations. (ii) Forest elephants have a higher effective population size than savanna elephants, with nuclear genetic markersmuch more diverse in the forest elephants than savanna elephants,yet this finding would need to be reconciled with thelife history of the two species. (iii) The savanna and forest elephants hybridize and produce fertile offspring, yet full genome analysis of individuals distant from the hybrid zone suggests that gene flow has been effectively sterilized for atleast ∼500,000 years. (iv) There are unexplored potentialramifications of the unusual mito–nuclear patterns among elephants. These questions are considered in light of highmale and low female dispersal in elephants, higher variance of reproductive success among males than females, and of habitat changes driven by glacial cycles and human activity
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report two cases of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE), which appeared as hyperacute presentation and panophthalmitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old male was treated with cataract surgery and was evaluated the next day (less than 24 hours after surgery) because of acute loss of vision. There was severe inflammation and the visual acuity was light perception. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal antibiotic injection. The vitreous culture revealed SDSE. After PPV, regression of inflammation was observed, although the corneal edema had progressed. The cornea evolved to decompensate due to bullous keratopathy and visual acuity of the eye decreased to no light perception after 3 months. A 87-year-old male who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation 2 days previously was hospitalized due to severe ocular pain and visual loss. There was severe inflammation, and the visual acuity was no light perception. The patient received only intravitreal injections of antibiotics due to severe corneal necrosis. The aqueous humor revealed SDSE. Four days after intravitreal injection, erythema and swelling of the eyelid of the affected eye was observed, and diagnosed as panophthalmitis. After treatment with intravenous antibiotics, cellulitis of the eyelid was resolved. The eye progressed as phthisis after 3 months without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative SDSE endophthalmitis showed aggressive and hyperacute presentation, resulting in blindness despite prompt treatment. SDSE is an emerging organism and should be considered a potential cause of postoperative endophthalmitis.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Aqueous Humor , Blindness , Cataract , Cellulitis , Cornea , Corneal Edema , Endophthalmitis , Erythema , Eye Infections , Eyelids , Inflammation , Intravitreal Injections , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Necrosis , Panophthalmitis , Phacoemulsification , Recurrence , Streptococcus , Visual Acuity , VitrectomyABSTRACT
Laboratory inbred mice are used widely and commonly in biomedical research, but inbred mice do not have a big enough gene pool for the research. In this study, genetic and morphometric analyses were performed to obtain data on the characteristics of a newly developing inbred strain (KWM/Hym) captured from Chuncheon, Korea. All of five Korean wild male mice have the zinc-finger Y (ZfY) gene. Also, all of 19 Korean wild mice used in this analysis have the AKV-type murine leukemia virus gene, indicating that Korean wild mice might be Mus musculus musculus. To identify the genetic polymorphism in KWM/Hym, SNP analysis was performed. In a comparison with 28 SNP markers, there was a considerable difference between KWM/Hym and several inbred strains. The homogeneity between KWM/Hym and the inbred strains was as follows: C57BL/6J (39.3%), BALB/c AJic (42.9%), and DBA/2J (50%). KWM/Hym is most similar to the PWK/PhJ inbred strain (96.4%) derived from wild mice (Czech Republic). To identify the morphometric characteristics of KWM/Hym, the external morphology was measured. The tail ratio of male and female was 79.60±3.09 and 73.55±6.14%, respectively. KWM/Hym has short and agouti-colored hairs and its belly is white with golden hair. Taking these results together, KWM/Hym, a newly developing inbred mouse originated from wild mouse, might be use as new genetic resources to overcome the limitations of the current laboratory mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Gene Pool , Hair , Korea , Leukemia Virus, Murine , Polymorphism, Genetic , TailABSTRACT
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an emerging pathogen in animals and humans. Herein, we describe two clinical swine cases of SDSE infection presenting with lameness, neurological signs, or sudden death. Pathological examination indicated suppurative arthritis, encephalitis, and multifocal abscesses in kidney and heart. The β-hemolytic colonies obtained from joint samples of each case were identified as SDSE. The two isolates had low minimum inhibitory concentrations for β-lactams, and they presented the same virulence gene profile (slo⁻/sagA⁺/pSTKP8⁺). Molecular analysis by multilocus sequence typing identified the SDSE isolates from cases 1 and 2 as sequence types 315 and 252, respectively.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Abscess , Arthritis, Infectious , Death, Sudden , Encephalitis , Heart , Joints , Kidney , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Streptococcus , Swine , VirulenceABSTRACT
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) belongs to group C or group G β-hemolytic Streptococcus, SDSE infection cases are mostly related with the consumption of contaminated dairy or meat products, the major symptom is upper respiratory tract infection, and is easily to be misdiagnosed.In June 2014, an outbreak of acute upper respiratory tract infection due to SDSE occurred in a kindergarten in Xi'an City.All cases were followed up, the initial case developed as latent nephritis, the main cause for the development of latent nephritis was not performing diagnosis and treatment timely.In order to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of SDSE infection, strengthen prevention and control ability, and reduce the occurrence of adverse sequelae, investigation of the case and epidemic situation should be reported.
ABSTRACT
Resumen:La disponibilidad de información sobre abundancia de especies en el Neotrópico es insuficiente. Esto impide la realización de análisis precisos y definición de estrategias de conservación adecuadas para especies endémicas y amenazadas. A través de un censo simultáneo durante dos días consecutivos en 24 estaciones de conteo en Isla de la Juventud (IJ) y 32 estaciones en Ciego de Ávila (CA), Cuba, se obtuvo el tamaño poblacional de la subespecie endémica y amenazada Grus canadensis nesiotes durante 2008-2010. Se analizó la abundancia y patrón conductual (método instantáneo) por hábitat, para ayudar a entender cómo las grullas modifican su patrón conductual cuando el hábitat natural se modifica. Los bandos de grullas tuvieron tres individuos en IJ y entre 1.9 ± 1.5 y 2.8 ± 1.5 en CA.El tamaño poblacional en IJ fue de 164 individuos y en CA fueron 137, 141 y 168 individuos para 2008-2010. La eficacia del conteo fue alta (IJ: 91 %; CA: 81-87 %) y la concordancia numérica fue intermedia (IJ: 45.4 %; CA: 72 %). La abundancia fue mayor en sabanas naturales (83), seguido de marismas (59), pinares (23) y pastizales (7) en IJ. En CA los herbazales de ciénaga albergaron la mayor abundancia en los tres años (130; 120; 112), seguido del herbazal con palmas (2; 17; 51) y los pastizales (5; 4; 5). Las grullas se alimentaron más en los pastizales y estuvieron más alerta en la sabana natural y el herbazal de ciénaga. La frecuencia de las conductas alimentación y alerta fueron diferentes entre las combinaciones sabana natural/marisma y sabana natural/pastizal en IJ. Para CA las diferencias fueron entre herbazal/herbazal con palmas. El tamaño poblacional aumentó en CA por estrategias de manejo adoptadas, pero en IJ puede afectarse por la pérdida de hábitat asociado a la invasión de plantas exóticas. Se propone como estrategia de manejo a largo plazo el mantenimiento de las quemas controladas en herbazales de ciénaga bajo régimen de protección para contribuir al aumento poblacional.
Abstract:The availability of information on species abundance in the Neotropic is insufficient, and this prevents the execution of precise analysis and the definition of adequate conservation strategies for endemic and threatened species. This study aimed to analyze the population size of the endemic and threatened subspecies Grus canadensis nesiotes. For this, a simultaneous census was undertaken in 24 count stations in Isla de la Juventud (IJ) and 32 stations in Ciego de Ávila (CA), Cuba, during two consecutive days between 2008 and 2010. Abundance and behavior pattern (instantaneous method) were analyzed by habitat type, to help understand how cranes modify their behavioral pattern when the natural habitat is changed. Flocks in IJ had three individuals, and between 1.9 ± 1.5 and 2.8 ± 1.5 in CA. Population size in IJ was 164 individuals, and in CA of 137, 141 and 168 individuals for the 2008-2010 period, respectively. The counting efficacy was high (IJ: 91 %; CA: 81-87 %) and the numerical concordance was intermediate (IJ: 45.4 %; CA: 72 %). When comparing the habitat type, the abundance was higher in natural savannahs (83), followed by coastal flats (59), pines (23) and cattle pastures (7) in IJ; while in CA, marsh grasslands hosted the greatest abundance for the three years period (130; 120; 112), followed by grassland with palms (2; 17; 51) and cattle pastures (5; 4; 5). The cranes were fed more in cattle pastures and were more alert in natural savannas and marsh grasslands. The frequency of feeding and alert behaviors was different from the natural savannah/coastal flats and natural savannah/cattle pastures combinations in IJ. For CA, differences were found between marsh grasslands and marsh grasslands with palms. The population size increased by management strategies adopted in CA; nevertheless, might be affected by habitat loss associated with invasive alien plants in IJ. We propose the maintenance of prescribed fire in marsh grasslands under protection regime, as a strategy for long-term management to contribute with population growth. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1495-1504. Epub 2016 December 01.
Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Birds/physiology , Ecosystem , Time Factors , Population Density , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cuba , Animal DistributionABSTRACT
On the basis of the structural differences of erm, we used a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and subsp. massiliense isolates and to detect the point mutations of 23S rRNA gene that confer a high level of resistance to clarithromycin. Subsp. massiliense strains occupying almost half of the clinical isolates can be simply identified, and their clarithromycin susceptibility can be rapidly determined.
ABSTRACT
To analyze the immunogenicity and protective ability of recombinant IgG-binding protein (EAG) of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and to evaluate its value when used as equine vaccine antigen, EAG gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into pET-28a vector. The EAG recombinant proteins were expressed and purified to immune mice. The serum antibody and challenge protection were tested. The purified recombinant protein of EAG was 26 kDa, and the protein reacted specifically with positive serum of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The mice antibody level for EAG immunization group was 1∶8 100. The immunological protection result showed that the protection rate of the EAG recombinant protein was 90%. The results suggested that the EAG protein has good immunogenicity and immunological protection, and it can effectively increase the humoral immune response and immunological protection of mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibodies, Bacterial , Blood , Antigens, Bacterial , Allergy and Immunology , Bacterial Proteins , Allergy and Immunology , Bacterial Vaccines , Allergy and Immunology , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Protein Binding , Recombinant Proteins , Allergy and Immunology , Streptococcal Infections , Streptococcus equi , VaccinationABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Of the three major genotypes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), ‘Bison type’ is most prevalent genotype in the domestic livestock species of the country, and has also been recovered from patients suffering from Crohn’s disease. Recently, a new assay based on IS1311 locus 2 PCR- restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was designed to distinguish between ‘Indian Bison type’ and non-Indian genotypes. The present study investigated discriminatory potential of this new assay while screening of a panel of MAP isolates of diverse genotypes and from different geographical regions. Methods: A total of 53 mycobacterial isolates (41 MAP and 12 mycobacterium other than MAP), three MAP genomic DNA and 36 MAP positive faecal DNA samples from different livestock species (cattle, buffaloes, goat, sheep and bison) and geographical regions (India, Canada, USA, Spain and Portugal) were included in the study. The extracted DNA samples (n=92) were analyzed for the presence of MAP specific sequences (IS900, ISMav 2 and HspX) using PCR. DNA samples were further subjected to genotype differentiation using IS1311 PCR-REA and IS1311 L2 PCR-REA methods. Results: All the DNA samples (except DNA from non-MAP mycobacterial isolates) were positive for all the three MAP specific sequences based PCRs. IS1311 PCR-REA showed that MAP DNA samples of Indian origin belonged to ‘Bison type’. Whereas, of the total 19 non-Indian MAP DNA samples, 2, 15 and 2 were genotyped as ‘Bison type’, ‘Cattle type’ and ‘Sheep type’, respectively. IS1311 L2 PCR-REA method showed different restriction profiles of ‘Bison type’ genotype as compared to non-Indian DNA samples. Interpretation & conclusions: IS1311 L2 PCR-REA method successfully discriminated ‘Indian Bison type’ from other non-Indian genotypes and showed potential to be future epidemiological tool and for genotyping of MAP isolates.
Subject(s)
Genotype , India , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/analysis , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/classification , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methodsABSTRACT
Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica is a systemic infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Increasing antibiotic resistance in S. enterica has led to shift in the choice of antibiotics used against this organism from chloramphenicol and ampicillin to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fl uoroquinolones, and extendedspectrum cephalosporins. Resistance to cephalosporins, due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is the cause of serious concern worldwide. So far, these enzymes have been detected in many species of the family Enterobacteriaceae including different serotypes of S. enterica. To the best of our knowledge, however, ESBL production in Salmonella Paratyphi A has not yet been reported from India. We present here a case of ESBL producing Salmonella Paratyphi A from India. This is a worrisome fi nding with grave clinical implications, since the dissemination of this resistance trait would further limit the therapeutic options available for the treatment of enteric fever.
ABSTRACT
Oncomelania hupensis which plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum and carrying out studies on its subspecies differentiation and genetic variation will have an important significance for schistosomiasis control. In this paper the research progress of taxonomy and discrimination techniques of O. hupensis is reviewed at four levels namely the morphological level the cellular level the protein level and the DNA molecule level and DNA sequencing technology is considered as the ideal taxonomy and discrimination technique of O. hupensis and the future research emphasis.
ABSTRACT
In early 2014, dengue cases werereported from the northern Mozambique, 30 years since the last outbreak. Weidentified potential dengue vector species in three northern towns, Pemba, Nampulaand Nacala, and one southern town, Maputo, during the outbreak in April 2014. Amajor dengue vector species, <i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>aegypti</i>, wasfound in all these towns. The dominant vector subspecies in the northern townswas <i>Aedes aegypti aegypti</i>, while <i>Ae. aegyptiformosus </i>was dominant in Maputo. Considering the high proportions of <i>Ae. aegypti aegypti</i> and its high vectorcompetence, the findings from this study suggest that <i>Ae. aegypti aegypti</i> was responsible for the outbreakin the northern Mozambique.
ABSTRACT
In early 2014, dengue cases were reported from northern Mozambique, 30 years after the last outbreak. We identified potential dengue vector species in three northern towns, Pemba, Nampula and Nacala, and one southern town, Maputo, during the outbreak in April 2014. A major dengue vector species, <i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>aegypti</i>, was found in all these towns. The dominant vector subspecies in the northern towns was <i>Aedes aegypti</i> <i>aegypti</i>, while <i>Ae. aegypti formosus </i>was dominant in Maputo. Considering the high proportion of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> <i>aegypti </i>and its high vector competence, the findings from this study suggest that <i>Ae. aegypti aegypti</i> was responsible for the outbreak in northern Mozambique.
ABSTRACT
Se presenta la primera parte de una serie de contribuciones al conocimiento de las mariposas que habitan la zona altoandina en el sur del Perú. En el presente trabajo se revisan las especies de mariposas de la subfamilia Satyrinae presentes en la puna xerofítica de Perú. Se describen una nueva especie, Pampasatyrus gorkyi sp. nov., y una nueva subespecie, Argyrophorus lamna cuzcoensis ssp. nov., del departamento de Cusco, Perú. Se confirma por primera vez para Perú las especies Argyrophorus gustavi Staudinger, Faunula euripides (Weymer) y Faunula eleates (Weymer), anteriormente reportadas de Chile y Bolivia. Se suministran comentarios ecológicos y biogeográficos.
This is the first part of a series of contributions to the knowledge of the high Andean butterfly fauna in southern Peru. In this work the butterfly species of the subfamily Satyrinae present in the dry puna of Peru are reviewed. A new species, Pampasatyrus gorkyi sp. nov. and a new subspecies Argyrophorus lamna cuzcoensis ssp. nov. are described from the department Cusco, Peru. Three species are recorded for the first time for Peru, Argyrophorus gustavi Staudinger, Faunula euripides (Weymer) and Faunula eleates (Weymer) previously reported from Chile and Bolivia. Ecological and biogeographical data are provided.
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Notes on the geographic distribution and subspecific taxonomy of Sais rosalia (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiini), including the first records in Paraguay. This paper provides comments on the subspecific taxonomy and geographic distribution of Sais rosalia (Cramer, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiini), as well as an up-to-date distributional map, complemented with unpublished distributional data based on specimens deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus S. Moure, Curitiba, Brazil and the Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru. The following synonyms are proposed: Sais rosalia camariensis Haensch, 1905 syn. rev. as junior subjective synonym of Papilio rosalia Cramer, 1779 and Sais rosalia brasiliensis Talbot, 1928 syn. rev. as junior subjective synonym of Sais rosalia rosalinde Weymer, 1890. Additionally, the first country records of Sais rosalia in Paraguay, including the southernmost record of the species, are documented.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Beta-lactamase production and subsequent resistance to β-lactam drugs has been a global concern in the treatment of Gram negative anaerobes. The aim of this study was to identify F. nucleatum strains producing Class D β-lactamase through the detection of FUS-1 (OXA-85) resistance gene. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, between February 2010 and November 2010. Methodology: Twenty two oral clinical samples were obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis who admitted to previous use of amoxicillin. Antibacterial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was determined by E-test on Brucella Blood agar. Amplification of the bacterial DNA was carried out by PCR using F. nucleatum species-specific primer, FUS-1 specific for blaFUS-1 and strain-specific primers for subspecies nucleatum,, fusiforme, polymorphum and vincentii. Results: From the 19 samples collected, F. nucleatum was isolated, and the identity of the isolates was confirmed by PCR. Four of the isolates produced similar bands with the control strain, 3 (15.7%) strains were able to produce amplication with FUS-1 primer specific for blaFUS-1 gene found in β-lactamase producing F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. Conclusion: This study shows the presence of class D β-lactamase producing F. nucleatum species in Nigeria.
Subject(s)
Adult , Bacteria/genetics , Child , Female , Fusobacterium nucleatum/classification , Fusobacterium nucleatum/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , beta-Lactamases/analysis , beta-Lactamases/drug effects , beta-Lactamases/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to confirm clinical diagnosis of paratuberculosis in two cows showing suggestive clinical signs of the disease. Based on clinical signs, in culture and in IS900 PCR results from the individual milk samples it was possible to diagnose paratuberculosis in the cows studied.