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Cuba vive un envejecimiento acelerado y el incremento de intervenciones quirúrgicas en los ancianos es una realidad irrefutable. La peritonitis aguda constituye una infección intrabdominal grave, con morbilidad y mortalidad altas, más aún si el paciente es de edad avanzada. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se realizó la presente investigación con el objetivo de diseñar los cuidados especializados de enfermería al anciano con peritonitis aguda, que requieren una operación abdominal de urgencia por esta causa. Dichos cuidados deberán cumplirse durante los períodos preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y posoperatorio. Los tópicos señalados garantizan la calidad asistencial de este grupo poblacional y la necesaria superación del personal de enfermería.
Cuba is living a quick aging and the increment of surgical interventions in the elderly is an irrefutable reality. Acute peritonitis constitutes a serious intrabdominal infection, with high morbidity and mortality, even more if the patient is advanced in years. Taking into account the above-mentioned the present investigation was carried out aimed at designing the nursing specialized cares to the elderly with acute peritonitis that require an abdominal emergency operation due to this cause. This cares will be completed during the preoperative, peroperative and postoperative periods. The topics we have showed guarantee the assistance quality of this population group and the nursing staff necessary training.
Subject(s)
Peritonitis , Aged , Nursing Care , Postoperative Period , Quality of Health Care , EmergenciesABSTRACT
@#Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in a public health crisis but has also strained hospital services. The provision of surgical care should therefore also be guided by ethical, and whenever applicable, also legal, principles. Methods. An integrative approach that covers clinical and ethical dimensions, as well as spans the spectrum of surgical care, is therefore necessary. This action research involved three key steps: 1) identification of ethical dilemmas related to the provision of surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) preparation of clinical scenarios that highlight these dilemmas; and 3) determination of the appropriate options for the said scenarios, based on the best available evidence as well as most applicable ethical principles. Results. Ethical theories included utilitarianism, human rights, and communitarianism. Ethical principles included non-maleficence, justice, autonomy, and beneficence. Values considered were duty, reciprocity, human life, efficiency, fairness, fidelity, ownership, social value, and fair innings. Also incorporated were informed consent, allocation principles, resource allocation, and triage. In terms of operational issues and surgical technical concerns, the following were considered: phased standards of care, categorization of interventions, prioritization, surgical approaches, infection control, diagnostics, patient welfare, staff welfare, operations protocols, surgical training, and communication. Key points derived from the ethical and technical considerations of surgical care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Conclusion. This action research involving a review of the literature and stakeholder engagement has provided a concise ethical and technical resource for surgical administrators, practitioners, and trainees.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , PandemicsABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias tempranas (CPPT) son la principal causa de complicaciones no relacionadas con el procedimiento quirúrgico en la población de cirugía cardiaca. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo del 01 de enero de 2006 al 31 de diciembre de 2018 en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Postquirúrgicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 323 pacientes, 107 (33.1%) presentaron CPPT, siendo las más frecuentes las atelectasias (n = 60, 18.6%), derrame pleural (n = 39, 12%), neumonía (n = 5, 1.5%) y SIRA (n = 3, 1%). Los pacientes que presentaron CPPT tuvieron un EURO SCORE II más alto (3.9 ± 4.7 vs. 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), mayor tiempo de derivación cardiopulmonar (119.6 ± 40.2 vs. 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) y tiempo de pinzamiento (84.9 ± 30.5 vs. 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). La supervivencia en UCI de los pacientes con CPPT fue menor (74.8 vs. 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). La supervivencia hospitalaria también fue menor en los pacientes con CPPT (72.8 vs. 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusiones: La incidencia de CPPT posterior a la cirugía cardiaca en nuestro centro hospitalaria fue alta. Es necesaria la implementación de medidas preventivas como el retiro temprano de la ventilación mecánica y rehabilitación cardiopulmonar.
Abstract: Introduction: Early postoperative pulmonary complications (EPPC) are the main cause of complications unrelated to the surgical procedure in the cardiac surgery population. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to the post-surgical care unit. Results: 323 patients were included, 107 (33.1%) presented EPPC, the most frequent being atelectasis (n = 60, 18.6%), pleural effusion (n = 39, 12%), pneumonia (n = 5, 1.5%) and ARDS (n = 3, 1%). Patients who presented EPPC had a higher EURO SCORE II (3.9 ± 4.7 vs. 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (119.6 ± 40.2 vs. 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) and clamping time (84.9 ± 30.5 vs. 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). The ICU survival of patients with EPPC was lower (74.8 vs. 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). Hospital survival was also lower in patients with EPPC (72.8 vs. 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusions: The incidence of EPPC after cardiac surgery in our hospital was high. The implementation of preventive measures such as early removal of mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is necessary.
Resumo: Introdução: As complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias precoces (CPPP) são a principal causa de complicações não relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico na população de cirurgia cardíaca. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo realizado no período de 1o de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2018 em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca internados na unidade de recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 323 pacientes, 107 (33.1%) apresentavam TPPP, sendo os mais frequentes atelectasia (n = 60, 18.6%), derrame pleural (n = 39, 12%), pneumonia (n = 5, 1.5%) e SIRA (n = 3, 1%). Pacientes que apresentaram CPPP tiveram maior EURO SCORE II (3.9 ± 4.7 vs 2.7 ± 2.2, p = 0.001), maior tempo de circulação extracorpórea (119.6 ± 40.2 vs 75.5 ± 36.6, p = 0.001) e tempo de pinçamento (84.9 ± 30.5 vs 53.5 ± 29.7, p = 0.001). A sobrevida na UTI de pacientes com CPPP foi menor (74.8% vs 88.4%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.6). A sobrevivência hospitalar também foi menor em pacientes com CPPT (72.8% vs 84.2%, p = 0.015). Conclusões: A incidência de CPPP após cirurgia cardíaca em nosso centro hospitalar foi alta. É necessária a implementação de medidas preventivas como a retirada precoce da ventilação mecânica e a reabilitação cardiopulmonar.
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Robots are man-made machines; created to increase the performance of an action. They are either autonomous or semi-autonomous in the hands of the user. The medical field has evolved and revolutionized over the decades. It is the hour of the robot-assisted medical care to successfully change the clinical scenario of patient care. Employment of robotics in diverse fields of medical care has increased the effectiveness of the treatment and in return the effectiveness of the healthcare professionals. Our aim is to emphasize the advances in robot-assisted procedures over their comparable facets and highlight the unresolved challenges of robotics in medical care for the near future.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of preoperative play intervention during anesthesia induction in children.@*Methods@#Totally 120 children who met the inclusion criteria undergoing elective surgery divided into control group (n=60) and study group (n=60) by random number table. The study group admitted to the anesthesia induction room, and performed therapeutic play nursing intervention on the children for 60 minutes before the operation. The children in the control group were admitted to the general preoperative waiting room for 60 minutes before the operation, and they were subjected to routine nursing intervention. The children′s anxiety was assessed using modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) when the children entered the operating room before the intervention and during anesthesia induction; the children′s compliance with anesthesia induction was assessed using the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) . Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) score was used to observe emergence agitation. The vital signs of the two groups were observed before and after intervention.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the mYPAS score between the study group (32.23±4.71) points and the control group (31.58±3.72) points (P>0.05). The mYPAS score (31.92±4.03) points was lower in the study group than in the control group (59.76±5.14) points (t=-33.016, P<0.01). The ICC score of the study group (1.55±0.76) points was lower than the control group (3.04±0.62) points. The PAED score of the study group (4.76±0.92) points was lower than the control group (7.52±1.36) points (t=11.767, -13.020, P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure (96.25±3.06) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (59.39±2.77) mmHg, heart rate (118.37±15.26) times/min, and respiratory (29.75±3.17) times/min in the study group were lower than the control group (103.46±3.21) mmHg, (62.72±2.94) mmHg, (124.58±16.41) times/min, (34.81±2.96) times/min (t=12.593, 6.385, 2.146, 9.037, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Preoperative play intervention for children before anesthesia induction can reduce the anxiety and fear level of children, and the children′s compliance of anesthesia is improved, and reduce the incidence of agitation during recovery.
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Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative play intervention during anesthesia induction in children. Methods Totally 120 children who met the inclusion criteria undergoing elective surgery divided into control group (n=60) and study group (n=60) by random number table. The study group admitted to the anesthesia induction room, and performed therapeutic play nursing intervention on the children for 60 minutes before the operation .The children in the control group were admitted to the general preoperative waiting room for 60 minutes before the operation, and they were subjected to routine nursing intervention. The children′s anxiety was assessed using modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) when the children entered the operating room before the intervention and during anesthesia induction; the children′ s compliance with anesthesia induction was assessed using the Induction Compliance Checklist(ICC). Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) score was used to observe emergence agitation. The vital signs of the two groups were observed before and after intervention. Results There was no significant difference in the mYPAS score between the study group (32.23±4.71) points and the control group (31.58 ± 3.72) points (P>0.05). The mYPAS score (31.92 ± 4.03) points was lower in the study group than in the control group (59.76±5.14) points (t=-33.016, P<0.01). The ICC score of the study group (1.55 ± 0.76) points was lower than the control group (3.04 ± 0.62) points. The PAED score of the study group (4.76 ± 0.92) points was lower than the control group (7.52 ± 1.36) points (t=11.767,-13.020, P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure (96.25 ± 3.06) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (59.39±2.77) mmHg, heart rate (118.37±15.26) times/min, and respiratory (29.75± 3.17) times/min in the study group were lower than the control group (103.46±3.21) mmHg, (62.72±2.94) mmHg, (124.58 ± 16.41) times/min, (34.81 ± 2.96) times/min(t=12.593, 6.385, 2.146, 9.037, P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative play intervention for children before anesthesia induction can reduce the anxiety and fear level of children, and the children′s compliance of anesthesia is improved, and reduce the incidence of agitation during recovery.
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Pesquisa convergente-assistencial cujo objetivo foi analisar saberes e práticas de acompanhantes voltados à prevenção de complicações respiratórias pós-cirúrgicas no idoso, com vistas a traçar um plano de cuidados a ser implementado para esses clientes. As bases teórico-conceituais pautaram-se na pedagogia problematizadora de Freire. Os sujeitos foram 14 acompanhantes de idosos em pré-operatório. Utilizou-se técnica de entrevista individual e observação participante, e análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados revelaram que as acompanhantes acumulam saberes, acerca de cuidados básicos no pós-operatório, capazes de prevenir problemas respiratórios. Pela dialogicidade construiu-se um plano de cuidados compartilhado a ser realizado com o idoso, consequência da integração de saberes e práticas dos acompanhantes com os da enfermeira-pesquisadora na visita pré-operatória. Resultaram novas ou revisitadas práticas, culminando em um cuidado congruente às reais necessidades dos clientes e seus acompanhantes, tornando-os parceiros no processo de cuidar.
This is a convergent-assistance research, whose goal was to analyze the knowledge and experiences of caregivers focused on the prevention for post-surgical respiratory in the elderly people, in order to develop a care plan to be implemented with these clients. The theoretical and conceptual bases founded on the Critical Pedagogy of Freire. The subjects were 14 caregivers of elderly on a pre-surgical period. The technique used was individual interviews, participant observation and the analysis of a thematic content. The results showed that the caregivers accumulate knowledge, concerning to the basic care in the post-surgical, able to prevent respiratory problems. Through the dialogue it was developed a shared care plan to be realized with the elderly, as a result from the integration of the knowledge and experiences from the caregivers and from the nurse-researcher on a pre-surgical visit. The result was the new or revisited practices, culminating into a congruent care to the real needs of the clients and theirs companions, becoming partners in the care process.
Investigación convergente y asistencial, con objetivo de analizar los conocimientos y prácticas de acompañantes dirigidos a la prevención de complicaciones respiratorias posquirúrgicas en el anciano, a fin de elaborar un plan de cuidados para ser implementado con estos clientes. Las bases teórica y conceptual se pautaron en la pedagogía problematizada de Paulo Freire. Los sujetos fueron 14 acompañantes de clientes ancianos en el período preoperatorio. Se utilizó la técnica de entrevistas individuales y de observación participante y análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados revelaron que las acompañantes acumulan saber, acerca de cuidados básicos en el pos-operatorio, capaces de prevenir problemas respiratorios. A partir de conversaciones, se construyó un plan de cuidados compartido a ser realizado con el anciano, resultante de la integración de conocimientos y prácticas de los acompañantes con los de la enfermera/investigadora en la visita preoperatoria. Resultaron en nuevas o revisitadas prácticas, culminando en un cuidado congruente a las reales necesidades de los clientes y sus acompañantes, tornándolos compañeros en el proceso de cuidar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Medical Chaperones , Postoperative Complications/nursing , Postoperative Care/nursing , Operating Room Nursing , Qualitative Research , Health of the ElderlyABSTRACT
Objective To explore PBL teaching methods of enhancing the effectiveness of experimental teaching surgical nursing role. Methods 98 nursing undergraduate students of surgical care and experimental study were randomly set to the control group and experimental group, using conventional teaching methods in the control group and PBL teaching method in the experimental group,and then compared two groups of nursing students in final examinations,laboratory prep report,a comprehensive test report to test their quality and ability differences.Results Experimental group’s final examination results,laboratory reporting results,the overall quality of experimental results were significantly better than those of the control group(P