ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: A sustainable diet which is healthy and environmentally friendly provides the means of climate change mitigation in addition to promoting health of the population. There is an urgent need to have an indicator to measure if one’s diet is sustainable. This paper aimed to validate a newly developed Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) among young Malaysian adults. The SDI was developed based on the dietary guidelines of a sustainable diet. Methods: Five indicators (rice, animal-based food, plant-based food, food waste, and packaging) were included in the SDI. The index was validated via content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among young Malaysian adults. The dietary assessment tool used was an Android application named Sustainable Food Record. Results: Content validity showed fair to moderate correlations (0.331 - 0.816) between the indicators in the SDI. EFA produced five final factors with eight indicators in the index as follows: 1) fruits and vegetables; 2) dairy, eggs, and meat; 3) rice, cereals, and grain products; 4) food packaging; and 5) food waste management with strong factor loadings (0.760 – 0.984). All five factors with eight indicators were retained and proceeded with CFA. The fit indices from CFA demonstrated that the model was an absolutely fit. Conclusion: The validated SDI can be used as a tool to measure the sustainability of an individual’s diet in Malaysia, incorporating both health and environment considerations.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de un patrón de dieta sostenible con sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos mexicanos. Material y métodos: En 11 506 adultos de la Ensanut 2018-19, con información de índice de masa corporal y del cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, se estimó el puntaje de un índice de dieta saludable y sostenible (IDSS) clasificando los alimentos y bebidas en 13 grupos. Mediante modelo logístico ordinal, se analizó la asociación entre el puntaje del IDSS y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Resultados: El puntaje promedio del IDSS fue 6.7 de 13 puntos. Se encontró interacción significativa entre IDSS y sexo sobre la prevalencia de obesidad. Los hombres con mayor IDSS presentaron menor prevalencia de obesidad (OR=0.55,p<0.05); esta asociación no fue significativa en mujeres. Conclusiones: Mayor IDSS se relaciona con menor prevalencia de obesidad y, por ende, de enfermedades crónicas. Se requiere mayor investigación para su implementación a nivel poblacional.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between a healthy and sustainable dietary index (HSDI) and overweight and obesity in Mexican adults. Materials and methods: We analyzed a sample of Mexican adults (n=11 506) from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018-19 with body mass index and dietary intake data. We estimated the HSDI score based on foods and beverages recorded in a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which were classified into 13 food groups. Ordinal logistic model was fitted to analyze the association between HSDI score and overweight and obesity. Results: The mean HSDI score was 6.7 out of 13 points. A significant interaction of HSDI score and sex was found. Men with higher HSDI score showed lower obesity prevalence (OR=0.55,p<0.05); this association was not significant in women. Conclusions: A higher HSDI is related to a lower prevalence of obesity and therefore of chronic diseases. Further research is required for its implementation at the population level.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Overweight , Diet, Healthy , Obesity , Body Mass Index , Nutrition Surveys , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The objective of this paper was to provide a perspective about a healthy diet, and the challenge posed by sustainability to the consumer as well as to the legislation and the resulting nutrition recommendations. The 21st Century consumer demands clear cues about foods, particularly those food products that are healthy and promote environmental sustainability. It is in this strain between healthy and sustainable diet that future nutrition recommendations should be framed.
El objetivo de esta comunicación fue proporcionar una perspectiva sobre aspectos de la dieta saludable y el desafío que conlleva la sostenibilidad de la dieta, tanto para el consumidor como para la legislación y para las recomendaciones nutricionales. El consumidor del Siglo XXI demanda señales claras sobre los alimentos, particularmente que éstos sean saludables y fomenten la sostenibilidad ambiental. Es en esta tensión que las recomendaciones nutricionales deberán enmarcarse en el futuro.