Spindle cell carcinoma of the tongue combined with double primary cancer of the thyroid gland: a case report

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is referred to as a variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It is also known as "sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma" because it consists of normal squamous carcinoma cells with spindle-shaped cells that appear similar to a sarcoma. The term, "second primary tumor" (SPT) or "double primary tumor", is proposed for a second tumor that develops independently from the first. SPTs can present as either synchronous or metachronous lesions. Synchronous SPTs are defined as tumors occurring simultaneously or within 6 months after the first tumor. The patient in this case, whose primary tumor was in the tongue, was diagnosed with SpCC with metastases to both neck lymph nodes. This case also exhibited a second primary cancer as a synchronous lesion in the thyroid gland, which is uncommon. All carcinomas, both in the tongue and thyroid gland, were removed surgically, and especially in the tongue, an anterolateral thigh free flap was performed successfully to replace the defect.

Clinical outcomes of synchronous head and neck and esophageal cancer

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical outcomes of synchronous head and neck and esophageal cancer (SHNEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 27 SHNEC patients treated with curative intent at a single institution. The treatment modality for individual cases was usually determined on a case by case basis. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration for the surviving patients was 28.2 months. The most common site of head and neck cancer was hypopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 21, 77.7%). The lower esophagus was the most common location of esophageal carcinoma (n = 16, 59.3%). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 57.5% and 39.6%. Major pattern of failure was locoregional recurrence in the study patients. Esophageal cancer stage, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and pretreatment weight loss were significant prognostic factors for OS in univariate analysis. Treatment-related death was observed in two patients, and one patient developed a grade 4 late treatment-related complication. CONCLUSION: Although the survival outcome for SHNEC is poor, long-term survival might be achievable with aggressive treatment with stage I-II esophageal cancer and good performance.

Cáncer sincrónico: neoplasias ginecológicas concurrentes de cuello, ovario y trompa: caso clínico / Synchronous cervical, fallopian tube and ovarian primary tumors: case report

Tumores ginecológicos primarios dobles sincrónicos son relativamente frecuentes. Sin embargo los triples sincrónicos son extremadamente raros, más aún si uno de ellos es un tumor ginecológico extremadamente infrecuente, como es el cáncer de la trompa de Fallopio. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 39 años con cánceres primarios sincrónicos del cuello uterino, ovario y trompa de Fallopio. No hay muchos casos descritos en la literatura, y casi todos ellos están relacionados con la mutación MSH2 (síndrome de Lynch) o BCRA. Es difícil diagnosticar un cáncer sincrónico preoperatoriamente y habitualmente son hallazgos después de cirugía profiláctica efectuada en pacientes con historia familiar de cáncer.

Double synchronous primary tumors of gynecological cancers are a relative common finding. However, triple synchronous primary gynecological cancers are an extremely rare event and even more if one of them it's the rarest gynecological tumor: the fallopian tube cancer. We present a 39- years old patient with synchronous cervical, fallopian tube and ovarian primary tumors. There are no many cases about similar reported in the literature and almost of all them have been related with gene mutations like MSH2 (Lynch syndrome) or BCRA. To diagnose synchronous cancers preoperatively is difficult and they’re usually unexpected findings after prophylactic surgery practiced in patients with family history of cancer.

Survival outcome of women with synchronous cancers of endometrium and ovary: a 10 year retrospective cohort study / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Synchronous occurrence of endometrial and ovarian tumors is uncommon, and they affect less than 10% of women with endometrial or ovarian cancers. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical factors; and survival outcomes of women with these cancers. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study in a large tertiary institution in Singapore. The sample consists of women with endometrial and epithelial ovarian cancers followed up over a period of 10 years from 2000 to 2009. The epidemiological and clinical factors include age at diagnosis, histology types, grade and stage of disease. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers were identified. However, only 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 74 months. The incidence rate for synchronous cancer is 8.7% of all epithelial ovarian cancers and 4.9% of all endometrial cancers diagnosed over this time frame. Mean age at diagnosis was 47.3 years old. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (36.9%) and 73.9% had endometrioid histology for both endometrial and ovarian cancers. The majority of the women (78%) presented were at early stages of 1 and 2. There were 6 (13.6%) cases of recurrence and the 5 year cumulative survival rate was at 84%. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, we found that majority of women afflicted with synchronous cancer of the endometrium and ovary were younger at age of diagnosis, had early stage of cancer and good survival.

A Case of Synchronous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma with Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Synchronous anal squamous cell carcinoma with colorectal adenocarcinoma is a very rare and interesting disease entity because these neoplasms are essentially different from each other in terms of their anatomical locations, clinical behaviors, histopathological characteristics and treatment. To date, there have been very few case reports regarding the concurrent occurrence of these two distinct neoplasms. Nonetheless, it is recommended that patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and who are older than 50 years should undergo colonoscopy in order to rule out a synchronous colorectal neoplasm. We recently encountered a 72-year-old woman who presented with synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction. The patient underwent curative surgical resection for the colorectal adenocarcinoma and chemoradiotherapy for the concurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma. We describe here our clinical experience with this unusual case and we also conduct a short review of relevant literature.

Synchronous Incidental Occurrence of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Colon Adenocarcinoma / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A few cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) synchronous cancers with other malignancies have been reported, such as gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, and carcinoid tumor. However, little is known about their coincidence with other tumors with a different histogenesis. A 62-year-old man visited our hospital with generalized weakness and intermittent hematochezia. A colonoscopic examination showed an ulcerating mass in the ascending colon, and a biopsy specimen revealed adenocarcinoma. A lobulated submucosal mass in the gastric fundus was found incidentally during the preoperative staging procedures, including computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT. The colon cancer and gastric tumor were removed simultaneously (laparoscopy assisted right hemicolectomy and total gastrectomy). Immunohistochemical studies on the gastric tumor surgical specimen showed that it was CD117 (+) and CD34 (+), and the final diagnosis was a GIST of the stomach. Herein, we report a case of the synchronous occurrence of colon adenocarcinoma and gastric GIST.

Synchronous Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Gallbladder in a Patient with Intrahepatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia (b-IPMN)

Simultaneous development of intrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder carcinoma is extremely rare. We report herein the case of an 86-year-old man found to have double cancer of the gallbladder and intrahepatic bile duct. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a polypoid mass in the gallbladder and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct with intraductal papillary tumor in the left side of the liver. The patient underwent left hepatectomy, cholecystectomy with lymphadenectomy around the hepatoduodenal ligament. Pathological examination of the gallbladder revealed undifferentiated giant cell type carcinoma invading the muscularis propria. On the other hand, the liver tumor was intrahepatic intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma in situ. Therefore, this was an extremely rare case of synchronous carcinoma of the gallbladder associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Synchronous Early Gastric Cancer Resembling Submucosal Tumor at the Fundus

Concern about detecting gastric carcinoma in its early stages has increased the incidence of detecting multiple synchronous gastric carcinomas. Although gastric carcinomas may present with various gross features, those showing the features of submucosal tumor (SMT) are rare. We report on a case of synchronous gastric carcinomas comprising one lesion with typical features of superficial early gastric carcinoma and the other with atypical features that mimicked SMT. Even though synchronous gastric carcinoma is rare, it may be worthwhile to make a pathological diagnosis of coexisting SMT using endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration or endoscopic mucosal resection.

Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Isolated Metastasis to the Left Kidney

We report the case of a 63-year-old female with sigmoid colon cancer and isolated metastasis to the left kidney at the time of initial diagnosis. An anterior resection of the sigmoid colon and a left nephrectomy were performed. Three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin were given, but two months after the surgery, multiple metastases of the liver were detected on a CT scan. The patient refused further treatment and died 5 months after the discovery of an isolated metastasis. An isolated metastasis to the kidney is very rare in clinical practice. A nephrectomy for kidney metastasis has no effect on survival and quality of life, and a nephrectomy may also compromise the choice of chemotherapy agents that require renal clearance; thus, a careful evaluation of renal function is necessary before a nephrectomy. At present, kidney metastasis should be regarded as an advanced metastatic disease, and aggressive chemotherapy, including target therapy, should prolong survival and improve the quality of life. However, when a synchronous or a metachronous renal tumor is suspected, a nephrectomy should be performed for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Characteristics of Synchronous Cancers in Gastric Cancer Patients / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the characteristics of synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the 2,237 patients who were diagnosed between December 2000 and December 2003 with gastric cancer and synchronous cancers of organs other than the stomach. RESULTS: 73 (3.3%) of a total of 2,237 gastric cancer patients had synchronous primary cancers. Among these 73 patients, 71 had one synchronous cancer, and two patients had double synchronous cancers. Colorectal cancer (26 patients, 34.7%) was the most frequently encountered synchronous cancer, followed by cancer of the lung (16 patients, 21.3%), esophagus (13 patients, 17.2%), and liver (8 patients, 10.7%). Synchronous can-cers were detected with increased frequency in the elderly, in the patients with multiple gastric cancers, in the patients with differentiated gastric cancer, and in the patients with early gastric cancer, as determined on univariate analysis, but the differentiation of gastric cancers was the only risk factor for synchronous cancers on the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The differentiation of gastric cancer cells may be a risk factor for synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients. Careful surveillance by the physician for synchronous cancer is warranted for the patients suffering from gastric cancer.

Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer

To assess the clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with multiple primary colorectal cancer, 458 patients who underwent curative surgery and being followed-up at our institution between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1993 were evaluated in this study. The median follow-up period was 42 months. Synchronous cancer was defined as distinct lesions separated by a distance of greater than 4cm with the invasion of the tumor below the muscularis mucosa at the time of diagnosis or within 6 months after initial treatment, and metachronous cancer was defined as the development of colon cancers more than 6 months after the initial treatment without evidence of the recurrence or metastases from primary tumor. There were 29 cases of multiple primary colorectal cancer(6.3%). Eighteen cases(3.9%) of them were synchronous, 11 cases(2.4%) were metachronous cancers. Seven cases(1.5%) were related to 5 hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) families. During the follow-up period, 11 patients(2.4%) developed cancers in other organs. Adenomatous polyps were identified 14 cases of 29 patients with multiple primary colorectal cancers(48.3%), compared to 43 cases(10%) in 429 patients with solitary colorectal cancer(p0.05). In aspect of family history, there was close-relationship with this regarding in the group of multiple primary colorectal cancers. However, authors were unable to make analysis this regarding in the group of solitary primaries because of lack of the information. Conclusively, authors guess the frequent association of the adenomatous polyps in multiple primary colorectal cancers as the evidence of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In addition, authors emphasized the importance of the total colonoscopic examinations in pre-and post-operation in order to make diagnosis of the multiple primary colorectal cancers and paying attention as to the family history of colorectal cancer patients because we have good therapeutic results after operation of early stage in synchronous cancers and co-existent adenomatous polyps.