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Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)T2-mapping in evaluating the activity of Graves ophthalmopathy(GO).Methods A total of 64 patients with GO in the Department of Endocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2021 were collected.Simple random grouping was performed by computer,with 49 cases as observation subjects,and 15 patients for diagnostic test.According to clinical activity score(CAS),49 GO patients were divided into active group(CAS≥3 points,48 eyes)and inactive group(CAS<3 points,50 eyes).Normal control group(NC group)included 31 patients(62 eyes).All subjects underwent 3.0T orbital MRI T2-mapping.Measuring the T2 relaxation time(T2RT)of superior rectus,inferior rectus,medial rectus,and lateral rectus on five layers behind the eyeball on T2-mapping coronal images,and select the maximum value of T2RT in the five layers for each extraocular muscle to represent the T2RT of this extraocular muscle.Finally,select the maximum T2RT values of the four extraocular muscles,expressed as extraocular muscle maximum T2RT.Compare the differences of the above 5 indicators(superior rectus T2RT,inferior rectus T2RT,medial rectus T2RT,lateral rectus T2RT,extraocular muscle maximum T2RT)between active group,inactive group and NC group.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the above 5 indicators for GO activity assessment,and the diagnostic threshold was obtained.Then,another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests evaluation to determine the indicators of high diagnostic efficacy and the threshold of diagnostic activity.Results The T2RT of all extraocular muscles in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group and NC group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The threshold value of the five indicators were obtained by ROC curve analysis.The maximum T2RT cut-off values of superior rectus muscle,inferior rectus muscle,medial rectus muscle,lateral rectus muscle and extraocular muscles for judging activity were 80.200 ms,97.045 ms,94.355 ms,85.750 ms and 101.385 ms respectively.Another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests,the indexes with relatively high sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT,the cut-off values of GO activity were 97.045 ms and 101.385 ms,respectively;the sensitivity were 91.7％and 93.8％,respectively;the specificity all were 80.0％.Conclusions MRI T2-mapping sequence has a good value in assessment of GO activity.The inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT can be choosed to evaluate the activity of GO.
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Objective To explore the application value of MR diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and T2*mapping of parotid gland function in patients with head and neck tumors at different radiotherapy periods.Methods A total of 82 patients with head and neck tumors treated were selected.The data of parotid gland volume,salivary volume and parotid gland function were collected.MR DWI and T2*mapping were used to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value and T2*value of parotid gland tissue,and the correlation between parotid gland function and imaging values were analyzed.Results There were all significant differences in parotid gland volume,salivary volume and secretion index among different radiotherapy periods,and parotid gland volume,salivary volume and secretion index during and after radiotherapy were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy.There were signifi-cant differences in T2*values among different radiotherapy periods,and T2*value during and after radiotherapy was significantly lower than that before radiotherapy.There were significant differences in ADC values among different radiotherapy periods,and the ADC value during and after radiotherapy was significantly higher than that before radiotherapy.ADC value was negatively correlated with parotid gland volume,salivary volume and secretion index(r=-0.436,-0.730,-0.718,respectively,P＜0.001),while the T2*value was positively correlated with parotid gland volume,salivary volume and secretion index(r=0.430,0.720,0.707,respec-tively,P＜0.001).Conclusion Parotid gland volume,secretion index and salivary volume show abnormal levels at different radio-therapy periods.MR DWI is negatively correlated with parotid gland function,while T2*mapping is positively correlated with parotid gland function.
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Objective To evaluate the potential clinical value of T2 mapping and mDixon Quant in the diagnosis of early interver-tebral disc degeneration.Methods A total of 79 volunteers who underwent lumbar MRI examination were enrolled.All subjects were examined for 3.0T MR with T2WI,T2 mapping,and mDixon Quant while recording the condition of low back pain.The differ-ences between T2 mapping(map)value and fat fraction(FF)values of the vertebral(V)and nucleus pulposus(NP)within the Pfir-rmann Ⅰ and Pfirrmann Ⅱ intervertebral disc(grade Ⅰ 76,grade Ⅱ 87)were statistically analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed for meaningful parameters.Results V-FF showed a mild positive correlation with degenera-tive intervertebral disc lesions,and NP-FF and NP-map values showed a mild negative correlation with lesions.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in V-FF(P＜0.001),NP-FF(P=0.005),and NP-map(P＜0.001).Some measure-ments had statistically significant differences when different intervertebral disc segments were compared.Conclusion V-FF,NP-FF,and NP-map are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.T2 mapping and mDixon Quant are potentially valuable as diagnostic tools to quantitatively assess early intervertebral disc degeneration and help diagnose.
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BACKGROUND:Lumbar facet arthritis is one of the main causes of low back pain.At present,MRI is mainly used for preliminary diagnosis,and there is still a certain probability of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Therefore,MR T2* mapping imaging technology is expected to become an important means of quantitative detection of cartilage damage in lumbar facet arthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application value of MR T2* mapping imaging technique in quantitative analysis of cartilage damage and degeneration of lumbar facet joint. METHODS:A total of 110 outpatient or inpatient patients with low back pain in Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2020 to March 2022 were collected and set as case group.At the same time,80 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited as the control group.T2* mapping transectal images and T2WI images were obtained by 3.0T MR Scanning for the facet joints of all included subjects L1-S1.Weishaupt grading and T2* value measurement were performed for all facet joint cartilage,and the data were collected for parallel statistical analysis.The comparison of T2* values of facet joint cartilage between different articular Weishaupt grades was performed by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Statistical analysis found that the T2* value of lumbar facet joint cartilage in the case group(17.6±1.5)ms was significantly lower than that in the control group(21.4±1.3)ms(P<0.05).(2)In the case group,with the hierarchical increase of lumbar facet joint Weishaupt,the T2*value of facet joint cartilage also showed a gradual decreasing trend,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)It is concluded that T2*mapping can better display the early pathological changes of lumbar facet joint cartilage injury,and T2* value of lumbar facet joint cartilage can quantitatively evaluate the degree of lumbar facet joint cartilage injury.T2* mapping imaging technique can provide a good theoretical basis for the imaging diagnosis of the early cartilage injury induced by lumbar facet arthritis and has important clinical application value.
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This study aimed to explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T 2 mapping in the assessment of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). Thirty-three confirmed cases (myosin group) and eight healthy volunteers (healthy control group) at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, from October 2016 to December 2017, were collected and analyzed. Multiple parameters of the myosin group were quantified, including creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and complement C4. Disease status was evaluated using a panel of tools: myositis disease activity assessment tool-muscle (MDAAT-muscle), myositis disease activity assessment tool-whole (MDAAT-all), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), medical outcomes study health survey short form-36 item (SF-36), hand muscle strength test (MMT-8) score, and MRI T 2 mapping of muscle (22 muscles in the pelvis and thighs) T 2 values. The results showed that in the myositis group, the measurements for CK, ESR, CRP, complement C3, and complement C4 were 457.2 (165.6, 1 229.2) IU/L, 20 (10, 42) mm/1h, 3.25 (2.38, 10.07) mg/L, 0.90 (0.83, 1.06) g/L, and 0.18 (0.14, 0.23) g/L, respectively. The scores for MMT-8, MDAAT-muscle, MDAAT-all, HAQ, and SF-36 were 57.12±16.23, 5.34 (4.00, 6.00), 34.63±12.62, 1.55 (0.66, 2.59), and 44.66±7.98, respectively. T 2 values were significantly higher in all 22 muscles of the pelvis and thighs of patients with DM or PM compared with the healthy controls [(54.99±11.60)ms vs. (36.62±1.66)ms, P<0.001], with the most severe lesions in the satrorius, iliopsoas, piriformis, gluteus minimus, and gluteus medius muscles. The total muscle T 2 value in the myositis group was positively correlated with CK, MDAAT-muscle, MDAAT-all, and HAQ ( r=0.461, 0.506, 0.347, and 0.510, respectively, all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between complement C4, SF-36, and MMT-8 scores ( r=-0.424, -0.549, and -0.686, respectively, all P<0.05). Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that MRI T 2 mapping can objectively reflect the disease status of DM and PM.
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Objective: To investigate the value of T2 map and synthetic T2WI generated by T2 mapping in evaluating the histological type, pathological classification and depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods: Seventy-three patients with pathologically proven EC diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2019 to December 2021 and 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent conventional MRI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 mapping sequence for the pelvic cavity to test the T2 values and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the focus nidus of the patients and the normal endometrium of the volunteers. The T2 and ADC values of EC vs normal endometrium, and those of different histological types and pathological grades were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of T2 and ADC values in determining the pathological type and classification of EC. In addition, two radiologists used synthetic T2WI combined with T2 map and conventional T2WI combined with DWI, respectively, to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion, and compared the imaging results with the results of pathological diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the two methods in determining the depth of myometrial invasion. Results: The T2 and ADC values of endometrial carcinoma were 85.0 (80.8, 92.5) ms and 0.71 (0.64, 0.77) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of normal endometrium [147.4 (123.4, 176.7) ms and 1.46 (1.26, 1.76)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively; both P<0.05]. The T2 values of endometrioid carcinoma (EA) [84.1 (79.5, 88.7) ms] were significantly lower than those of non-EA [98.8 (92.1, 102.8) ms; P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in ADC values between EA and non-EA (P=0.075). The T2 values of G1, G2 and G3 groups in EA were 89.1 (84.4, 94.4) ms, 83.6 (80.9, 86.2) ms, and 76.5 (71.4, 80.3) ms, respectively. There were significant differences in the T2 values between G1 vs G2, G1 vs G3, and G2 vs G3 groups, respectively (all P<0.017). Significant difference was also found in the ADC values between the G1 and G3 groups (P<0.017). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of T2 values in distinguishing EA from non-EA was 0.867. The AUC of T2 values, ADC values and their combination in predicting high-grade EA was 0.888, 0.730 and 0.895, respectively. The accuracy of synthetic T2WI+ T2 map and conventional T2WI+ DWI in the diagnosis of deep myometrial invasion was 78.1% and 79.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: T2 mapping has great potential in preoperative evaluation of EC. The quantitative T2 value can be used in the diagnosis, pathological classification and grading of EC. The combination of synthetic T2WI and T2 map may be helpful to determine the depth of myometrial invasion.
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Female , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the value of T2 map and synthetic T2WI generated by T2 mapping in evaluating the histological type, pathological classification and depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods: Seventy-three patients with pathologically proven EC diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2019 to December 2021 and 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent conventional MRI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 mapping sequence for the pelvic cavity to test the T2 values and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the focus nidus of the patients and the normal endometrium of the volunteers. The T2 and ADC values of EC vs normal endometrium, and those of different histological types and pathological grades were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of T2 and ADC values in determining the pathological type and classification of EC. In addition, two radiologists used synthetic T2WI combined with T2 map and conventional T2WI combined with DWI, respectively, to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion, and compared the imaging results with the results of pathological diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the two methods in determining the depth of myometrial invasion. Results: The T2 and ADC values of endometrial carcinoma were 85.0 (80.8, 92.5) ms and 0.71 (0.64, 0.77) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of normal endometrium [147.4 (123.4, 176.7) ms and 1.46 (1.26, 1.76)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively; both P<0.05]. The T2 values of endometrioid carcinoma (EA) [84.1 (79.5, 88.7) ms] were significantly lower than those of non-EA [98.8 (92.1, 102.8) ms; P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in ADC values between EA and non-EA (P=0.075). The T2 values of G1, G2 and G3 groups in EA were 89.1 (84.4, 94.4) ms, 83.6 (80.9, 86.2) ms, and 76.5 (71.4, 80.3) ms, respectively. There were significant differences in the T2 values between G1 vs G2, G1 vs G3, and G2 vs G3 groups, respectively (all P<0.017). Significant difference was also found in the ADC values between the G1 and G3 groups (P<0.017). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of T2 values in distinguishing EA from non-EA was 0.867. The AUC of T2 values, ADC values and their combination in predicting high-grade EA was 0.888, 0.730 and 0.895, respectively. The accuracy of synthetic T2WI+ T2 map and conventional T2WI+ DWI in the diagnosis of deep myometrial invasion was 78.1% and 79.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: T2 mapping has great potential in preoperative evaluation of EC. The quantitative T2 value can be used in the diagnosis, pathological classification and grading of EC. The combination of synthetic T2WI and T2 map may be helpful to determine the depth of myometrial invasion.
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Female , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the value of magnetic resonance T 2 mapping in the diagnosis of early cervical disc degeneration in adolescents. Methods Patients who underwent cervical MRI examination and magnetic resonance T 2 mapping in Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between November 2019 and September 2020 were included in this study. They were divided into observation and control groups ( n = 50 per group) according to the time of lowering their heads (≥ 2 hours) every day. The T 2 values corresponding to the nucleus pulposus of cervical intervertebral disc in each segment was compared between the two groups. Cervical disk degeneration was graded using the Pfirrmann classification. T 2 value was compared between different Pfirrmann disc grades. The efficacy of T 2 value in the diagnosis of early cervical disc degeneration in adolescents was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The specificity and sensitivity of T 2 value in the diagnosis of early cervical disc degeneration in adolescents and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. Results:T 2 value measured in each cervical intervertebral disc segment in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group ( t = 5.06, 4.47, 3.57, 2.93, 4.98 for C2-3, C3-4, C4-5, C5-6, C6-7 segments, all P < 0.05). In the observation group, the number of patients with Pfirrmann grade II cervical intervertebral disc degeneration was highest, accounting for 42% (21/50). There was a significant difference in cervical intervertebral disc segment T 2 value between different Pfirrmann disc grades ( t = 2.62, P = 0.018, vs. Pfirrmann disc grade I ; t = 2.12, P = 0.045, vs. Pfirrmann disc grade II; t = 2.24, P = 0.049, vs. Pfirrmann disc grade III). The higher Pfirrmann grade, the lower T 2 value of cervical intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of T 2 value in the diagnosis of early cervical disc degeneration and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 81.2%, 79.8% and 0.756, respectively. Conclusion:T 2 mapping imaging technology can predict early cervical intervertebral disc degeneration in adolescents by quantitatively analyzing the T 2 value of cervical intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus and has a high value in the diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. This achievement is of innovation and science.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of T 2* mapping and zoomed imaging with parallel transmission technique (ZOOMit) intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods:The data of 67 patients with thyroid nodules confirmed by surgery and pathology in Ma′anshan People′s Hospital from July 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively collected. There were a total of 80 nodules, of which 39 were benign nodules and 41 were malignant nodules. All patients underwent MRI including T 2WI, T 2* mapping, and ZOOMit IVIM sequence scans before surgery to measure the T 2*, D, D *, and f values of the nodules. The comparison of the parameters between benign and malignant nodules was evaluated by independent sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. A combined parameter model was established through two-class logistic regression and the predicted probability value was calculated. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter and the combined parameter model in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Results:The T 2*, D, f values of benign thyroid nodule group were higher than that in malignant group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference of D * value between two groups was not statistically significant ( Z=1.258, P= 0.215). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of T 2*, D, and f values for identifying benign and malignant nodules was 0.703, 0.892, and 0.743, the diagnostic sensitivity was 80.2%, 84.1%, and 80.0%, and the specificity was 65.6%, 81.3%, and 75.0%, respectively. The AUC of T 2*combined with D, T 2*with D * and T 2* with f was 0.925, 0.709, and 0.743, the diagnostic sensitivity was 96.2%, 80.4%, and 80.0%, and the specificity was 81.2%, 65.6%, and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusion:D, f and T 2* derived from ZOOMit IVIM have good value in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the combination of T 2* and D parameters has the higher diagnostic efficacy.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical value of magnetic resonance T2-mapping imaging in the diagnosis of early intervertebral disc degeneration in obese people.@*Methods@#From January 2018 to June 2019, 30 obese volunteers and 30 healthy volunteers with normal weight underwent T2-mapping scan, while their routine MRI examination showed no abnormalities were slected.The T2 value of nucleus pulposus in both two groups were measured and compared.@*Results@#The T2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 1-2, lumbar 2-3, lumbar 3-4, lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1 in the control group were (108.17±10.87)ms, (113.93±11.54)ms, (126.65±10.22)ms, (118.62±8.86)ms and (111.61±10.65)ms, respectively, which of nucleus pulposus in different segments was statistically significant(F=14.28, P<0.001). The T2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 1-2, lumbar 2-3, lumbar 3-4, lumbar 4-5, lumbar 5-sacral 1 in the simple obesity group were (104.90±7.67)ms, (101.10±6.61)ms, (112.65±5.75)ms, (98.27±6.18)ms, (89.82±6.34)ms, respectively, , which of nucleus pulposus in different segments was statistically significant(F=49.52, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the T2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 2-3, lumbar 3-4, lumbar 4-5, lumbar 5-sacral 1 between the two groups(t=5.283, 6.535, 10.327, 9.626, all P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Magnetic resonance T2-mapping can detect early changes in tissue composition of intervertebral disc degeneration.Therefore, magnetic resonance T2-mapping imaging technology can provide an important reference for the early diagnosis of intervertebral disc degeneration in obese people.
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BACKGROUND: At present, DWI, DTI, T1-mapping, T2-mapping, and T2*-mapping are commonly used in cartilage functional imaging sequences in both scientific research and clinic. T2-mapping is often used for the quantitative analysis of cartilage, but it was obviously limited due to the long scanning time and poor experience of the patient.OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the talar cartilage injury degree of chronic lateral ankle instability patients by sequence optimized T2-mapping quantitative imaging technique. METHODS: Totally 53 cases of chronic ankle instability(case group) and 46 healthy subjects(control group) were from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. They underwent conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and optimal T2-mapping quantitative imaging scanning. The total talar cartilage was divided into six compartments: internal anterior, internal medial, internal posterior, lateral anterior, lateral center and lateral posterior. Six T2 values were totally taken as each partition had one T2 value. The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The T2 values of internal anterior, internal medial, internal posterior areas of case group were higher than those of control group(P 0.05). The results showed that the talus cartilage injury mainly occurred in the internal talus in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. The cartilage damage degree could be quantitatively evaluated by magnetic resonance T2-mapping imaging technique. It is possible that T2-mapping based on sequence optimization can be used in functional image routine scan.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of magnetic resonance T 2 -mapping imaging in the diagnosis of early intervertebral disc degeneration in obese people.Methods From January 2018 to June 2019, 30 obese volunteers and 30 healthy volunteers with normal weight underwent T 2 -mapping scan,while their routine MRI examination showed no abnormalities were slected.The T2 value of nucleus pulposus in both two groups were measured and compared.Results The T2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 1-2,lumbar 2-3,lumbar 3-4,lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1 in the control group were (108.17 ±10.87)ms,(113.93 ± 11.54)ms,(126.65 ±10.22) ms,(118.62 ±8.86) ms and (111.61 ±10.65) ms,respectively,which of nucleus pulposus in different segments was statistically significant (F＝14.28,P＜0.001).The T2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 1-2,lumbar 2-3,lumbar 3 -4,lumbar 4-5,lumbar 5 -sacral 1 in the simple obesity group were (104.90 ±7.67)ms,(101.10 ±6.61) ms,(112.65 ±5.75) ms,(98.27 ±6.18)ms,(89.82 ± 6.34)ms,respectively,,which of nucleus pulposus in different segments was statistically significant (F＝49.52,P＜0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the T 2 values of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc of lumbar 2-3,lumbar 3-4,lumbar 4 -5,lumbar 5 -sacral 1 between the two groups (t＝5.283,6.535,10.327, 9.626,all P＜0.001).Conclusion Magnetic resonance T2 -mapping can detect early changes in tissue composition of intervertebral disc degeneration.Therefore,magnetic resonance T2 -mapping imaging technology can provide an important reference for the early diagnosis of intervertebral disc degeneration in obese people .
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Objective ToquantitativelystudythecorrelationbetweenT2mappingvalueofthesupraspinatuswithfattydegenerationand supraspinatustendontear.Methods From MarchtoSeptemberin2016,patientswithsupraspinatustendontearinourhospitalwere enrolled.TheT2mappingvalueofthesupraspinatuswasmeasured.Accordingtothesupraspinatustendontearclassification,patients weredividedintogroupA,BandC.ThecorrelationwasanalyzedbetweenT2mappingvalueandsupraspinatustendontear.Results 45patientswereenrolled,including30malesand15females,aged15－85years,withanaverageageof(45.4±16.6)years.Among the45shoulderjoints,12jointswereingroupA withnotendontear,14jointswereingroupBwithincompletetomoderatetear,and 19jointswereingroupCwithmosttofulllayertear.TheT2mappingvaluesofsupraspinatusingroupA,BandCwere46.0±7.0,51.5± 10.6and65.0±8.4,respectively.TheT2mappingvalueincreased withtheseverityofthesupraspinatustendontear (P＜0.001), whichwaspositivelycorrelated.Conclusion ThemeasurementofT2mappingisareliable methodforquantitativelyevaluatingthe fattydegenerationinthesupraspinatus.ThatthehigherT2mappingvalue,thehigherfatcontentinthesupraspinatusmuscle,suggests thetearofsupraspinatustendonismoreserious.T2mappingisanotheroptionalmethodforclinicaldiagnosisandprognosisevaluation oftherotatorcufftear.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the T2 value of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in rotator cuff disease displayed on 3.0T MRI and to apply it in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved sixty-two patients who underwent shoulder MRI containing T2 mapping. The mean T2 value was measured by placing a free hand ROI over the glenoid or humeral cartilage from the bone-cartilage interface to the articular surface on three consecutive, oblique coronal images. The drawn ROI was subsequently divided into superior and inferior segments. The assessed mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint were compared and evaluated based on the degree of rotator cuff tear, the degree of fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff, and the acromiohumeral distance. RESULTS: ICC values between two readers indicated moderate or good reproducibility. The mean T2 value for the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head cartilage failed to show any significant difference based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, the mean T2 values of articular cartilage, based on fatty atrophy, tended to be higher in fatty atrophy 3 or fatty atrophy 4 groups while some sub-regions displayed significantly higher mean T2 values. There was no correlation between the acromiohumeral distance and the mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head. CONCLUSION: T2 mapping of the glenohumeral joint failed to show any significant difference in quantitative analysis of the degenerative change of the articular cartilage based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, it also offers quantitative information on the degenerative change of cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in patients with rotator cuff tear and severe fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff.
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Humans , Atrophy , Cartilage , Cartilage, Articular , Hand , Humeral Head , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Rotator Cuff , Shoulder , Shoulder Joint , TearsABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the feasibility of evaluating renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) at different time by using T2*mapping.@*Methods@#Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were used to build therenal IRI injury model by blocked the left renal arteries and veins by using noninvasive arterial clip, left renal ischemia-reperfusion was performed by clamping of the left renal pedicle for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. All the rabbits underwent MRI examination including axial T2WI and T2*mapping before scanning and 1 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after reperfusion. Every two rabbits were randomly sacrificed at 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h after reperfusion. The rest of the rabbits were sacrificed for pathological examination at 48 h after reperfusion. All specimens were cut into slices and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The values of T2*, R2* and the pathological scores of cell edema, cell necrosis, interstitial inflammation and tubular castin renal tissues at different time points were measured. Repetitive measurement deviation analysis was performed to compare difference of T2* and R2* at 5 time-points. The relationship between the value of T2* and R2* in renal tissues and the scores of cell edema, cell necrosis, interstitial inflammation and tubular castin renal tissues was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.@*Results@#T2* value and R2* value in both inner medulla and outer medulla were statistically significant (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant in the cortex (P>0.05).Pairwise comparison of T2* and R2* at different time points in the cortex showed statistically significant difference between before and 24 h,before and 48 h, 12 h and 48 h were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the remaining were no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).T2* value of the outer medullar after IRI positively correlated with the scores of cell edema, interstitial inflammation and tubular castin renal tissues (r values were 0.57, 0.38, 0.33; P<0.05). R2* value of the outer medullar after IRI negatively correlated with the scores of cell edema (r value was -0.52, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#T2* mapping could reflect the dynamic changes in different zones and different time points after renal IRI, especially in the outer medullary band which has good consistency with pathological score.
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Objective Assessment of short?term and mid?term changes of knee cartilage in non?professional long?distance runners before and after marathon using T2 mapping imaging. Methods Twenty?four knee joints of 12 healthy volunteers (5 males and 7 females) who participated in the marathon were examined by 3.0 T MRI one week before the race, within 12 hours after the race and two months after the race, respectively. The age ranged from 21.0 to 37.0 years. Athletes run more than three times a week, and each time was about 30 minutes. From T2 mapping we can obtain T2 value of 6 cartilage subregions of knee joint. Paired t?test was used to compare the T2 values of cartilage before and after the marathon. The comparison between the superficial and deep T2 values of cartilage was performed by independent sample t test. Results T2 mapping imaging showed that the T2 value of the superficial articular cartilage was higher than that of deep articular cartilage in pre?competition, within 12 hours after competition and 2 months follow?up, respectively (t=11.095, 10.385 and 10.102, P<0.01). The T2 value of superficial articular cartilage decreased after the competition compared with that of pre?competition (t=2.18,P<0.05), while the T2 value of deep articular cartilage showed no significant difference compared with that of pre?competition (t=1.832, P> 0.05). Except for the MTP?DZ, the T2 value of the remaining cartilage subregions showed a trend of decrease within 12 hours after the competition. There were significant differences in the subregion of MFC?DZ (t=2.110,P<0.05). At the follow?up of 2 months, cartilage T2 values of the MTP?SZ,LTP?SZ,LTP?DZ,MFC?DZ, Patella?SZ, Patella?DZ, Trochlea?SZ, Trochlea?DZ subregions showed a trend of recovery, and there was no significant difference compared with pre?competition(t=0.857,0.573, 0.146, 0.510,-0.594,-1.135,-0.812,-0.679; P>0.05). The T2 values of the LFC?SZ and LFC?DZ were lower than those before the race, with statistical significance (t=2.378, 3.147,P<0.05). Conclusion T2 value could reflect the change process of articular cartilage tissue composition in marathon runners from T2 mapping imaging. Under stress, the changes of superficial T2 value are more significant. The T2 value of knee cartilage can gradually recover to the pre?run level 2 months after running.
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Objective: To investigate th value of MR T2* mapping for detecting salivary glands abnormalities in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods: A total of 43 patients with clinically proved SS (SS group) and 40 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled and underwent bilateral parotid and submandibular MR examinations (including T2* mapping scanning and T2* values detection of glands). Each side of parotid and submandibular gland were evaluated according to conventional MRI (T1WI, T2WI) and MR sialography images. T2* values of parotid and submandibular were compared between SS group and control group. The diagnostic efficiency of MR morphology, T2* values and the combination of them were analyzed using Logistic regression and ROC curve. The differences of the accuracy for diagnosing same abnormalities with different diagnostic methods and the same diagnostic method in diagnosing different abnormalities were compared. Furthermore, the consistency of T2* values results detected by two observers were analyzed. Results: The average T2* value of parotid ([12.88±3.37]ms vs [10.18±1.88]ms, t=-6.40, P<0.01) and submandibular ([23.58±3.73]ms vs [21.36±1.86]ms, t=-0.49, P<0.01) in SS group were significantly higher than those in control group. The accuracy of combined diagnosis for detecting parotid and submandibular abnormalities was better than independent of MR morphology and T2* values, respectively (parotid gland: Z=0.803, 4.471, both P<0.01; submandibular gland: Z=8.398, 5.329, both P<0.01). There was no significant difference of diagnostic accuracy between MR morphology and T2* value alone (parotid gland: Z=1.388, P=0.165; submandibular gland: Z=0.553, P=0.579). Using MR morphology (Z=2.525, P=0.05), T2* value (Z=0.677, P=0.498) and combination of them (Z=0.207, P=0.835), the diagnostic accuracies were not significantly different between parotid gland lesions and submandibular gland lesions. Both intraobserver and interobserver agreements for detection of T2* values were excellent. Conclusion: T2* mapping can be used to detect parotid and submandibular abnormalities in patients with SS, and the combination of T2* values and MR morphology is helpful to improving diagnosis accuracy.
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Objective@#Assessment of short-term and mid-term changes of knee cartilage in non-professional long-distance runners before and after marathon using T2 mapping imaging.@*Methods@#Twenty-four knee joints of 12 healthy volunteers (5 males and 7 females) who participated in the marathon were examined by 3.0 T MRI one week before the race, within 12 hours after the race and two months after the race, respectively. The age ranged from 21.0 to 37.0 years. Athletes run more than three times a week, and each time was about 30 minutes. From T2 mapping we can obtain T2 value of 6 cartilage subregions of knee joint. Paired t-test was used to compare the T2 values of cartilage before and after the marathon. The comparison between the superficial and deep T2 values of cartilage was performed by independent sample t test.@*Results@#T2 mapping imaging showed that the T2 value of the superficial articular cartilage was higher than that of deep articular cartilage in pre-competition, within 12 hours after competition and 2 months follow-up, respectively (t=11.095, 10.385 and 10.102, P<0.01). The T2 value of superficial articular cartilage decreased after the competition compared with that of pre-competition (t=2.18,P<0.05), while the T2 value of deep articular cartilage showed no significant difference compared with that of pre-competition (t=1.832, P> 0.05). Except for the MTP-DZ, the T2 value of the remaining cartilage subregions showed a trend of decrease within 12 hours after the competition. There were significant differences in the subregion of MFC-DZ (t=2.110,P<0.05). At the follow-up of 2 months, cartilage T2 values of the MTP-SZ,LTP-SZ,LTP-DZ,MFC-DZ, Patella-SZ, Patella-DZ, Trochlea-SZ, Trochlea-DZ subregions showed a trend of recovery, and there was no significant difference compared with pre-competition (t=0.857,0.573, 0.146, 0.510, -0.594, -1.135, -0.812, -0.679; P>0.05). The T2 values of the LFC-SZ and LFC-DZ were lower than those before the race, with statistical significance (t=2.378, 3.147,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#T2 value could reflect the change process of articular cartilage tissue composition in marathon runners from T2 mapping imaging. Under stress, the changes of superficial T2 value are more significant. The T2 value of knee cartilage can gradually recover to the pre-run level 2 months after running.
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Objective To explore the value of T2-mapping imaging in assessment of lumbar dorsal extensors group (multifidus,longissimus and iliocostalis) function before and after exercises in healthy volunteers.Methods Totally 50 healthy young volunteers underwent T2-mapping imaging before and after exercises.T2 value and cross-section area (CSA) of multifidus,longissimus and iliocostalis were measured at the level of L3 and 14 superior border.Differences of CSA and T2 value were compared between left and right side muscles before and after exercises.The correlation between CSA difference and T2 difference before and after exercises was analyzed.Results At the level of L3 and L4 superior border,CSA and T2 value of bilateral multifidus,longissimus and iliocostalis increased after exercises (all P＜0.05).At the level of L3 superior border,CSA after exercises and CSA difference of left multifidus were higher than those of right side (all P＜0.05).Before exercises,there were statistical differences of T2 values on left and right side of longissimus and iliocostalis at the level of L3 superior border and the longissimus at the level of L4 superior border (all P＜0.05).Positive correlations were found between CSA difference and T2 difference on bilateral iliocostalis at the level of L3 and L4 superior border,as well as on bilateral multifidus at the level of L4 superior border (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion T2-mapping imaging can be used to assess the activity state of lumbar dorsal extensors group before and after exercises.
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Objective To prospectively evaluate changes in T2 relaxation times in the meniscus with warm-up excise using MRI in healthy knees,and explore the feasibility of evaluating the morphological changes of meniscus after acute warming-up by T2 time response.Methods A total of 40 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled,which included 15 males and 25 females;aged 22-30 years old with mean age of 26.32 ± 2.1.T2 mapping sequential imaging was performed to measure the T2 time of medial and lateral anterior,body,posterior before and after warm-up exercise.A paired Student's t test was used to determine the effects of warm-up exercise on T2 times.Results All volunteers showed a significant increase in T2 values after warm-up exercise in all meniscus compartments (P =0.000),which may indicate changes in the biochemical composition of meniscal tissue.The lateral body compartment experienced more increment than medial anterior (P ＜ 0.05),medial posterior (P ＜ 0.05) and lateral posterior parts (P ＜ 0.05) after warm-up exercise.Conclusion Longer T2 values after warm-up exercise suggest increment in the water content of knee meniscus,which may indicate improvements in the physiological activity and protection of meniscus.T2 values in menisci have the potential to be used as biomarkers for identifying meniscus changes after exercise.