Effects of abdominal core strengthening on flexibility in tae kwon do athletes / Efeitos do fortalecimento do centro abdominal sobre a flexibilidade dos atletas de tae kwon do / Efectos del fortalecimiento del núcleo abdominal en la flexibilidad de los atletas de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction In competitive sports like Tae Kwon Do, the body remains in constant disequilibrium and displacement. In this state, the limbs generate and transmit energy through the muscles of the abdominal core, which is the main link in the human kinetic energy chain. Objective Explore the effect of abdominal core strength on improving flexibility in taekwondo athletes. Methods Thirty male athletes were selected, with a minimum sport time limit of 4 years, and a mean age of 21±1 years. They were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, with 10 people in each group. Group A participated in stable abdominal core strength training, 1 hour daily, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results Intra-group comparisons: There were extremely significant differences between groups A, B and C; extremely significant differences were found between the first and second and third times in group A; when compared, the first, second and third times in group B also showed modifications. Conclusion Stable and unstable core strength training can improve flexibility; after training, flexibility gains from unstable abdominal core strength training are more lasting. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Em esportes competitivos como o Tae Kwon Do, o corpo permanece em constante desequilíbrio e deslocamento. Neste estado, os membros geram e transmitem energia através dos músculos do centro abdominal, que é o elo principal da cadeia de energia cinética humana. Objetivo Explorar o efeito da força do centro abdominal na melhoria da flexibilidade dos atletas de taekwondo. Métodos Foram selecionados 30 atletas masculinos, com limite de tempo esportivo mínimo de 4 anos, e idade média de 21±1 anos. Foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos, A, B e C, com 10 pessoas em cada grupo. O grupo A participou do treinamento estável da força do centro abdominal, 1 hora diária, 3 vezes por semana, por um total de 12 semanas. Resultados Comparações intra-grupo: Houve diferenças extremamente significativas entre os grupos A, B e C; foram encontradas diferenças extremamente significativas entre a primeira e segunda e terceira vez no grupo A; quando comparados, a primeira, segunda e terceira vezes do grupo B também apresentaram modificações. Conclusão O treinamento estável e instável da força do centro abdominal pode melhorar a flexibilidade; após o treinamento, os ganhos de flexibilidade do treinamento instável da força do centro abdominal são mais duradouros. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción En los deportes de competición como el Tae Kwon Do, el cuerpo permanece en constante desequilibrio y desplazamiento. En este estado, las extremidades generan y transmiten energía a través de los músculos del núcleo abdominal, que es el principal eslabón de la cadena de energía cinética humana. Objetivo Explorar el efecto de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal en la mejora de la flexibilidad en atletas de taekwondo. Métodos Se seleccionaron 30 atletas masculinos, con un tiempo mínimo de práctica deportiva de 4 años, y una edad media de 21±1 años. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos, A, B y C, con 10 personas en cada grupo. El grupo A participó en un entrenamiento de fuerza abdominal estable, 1 hora diaria, 3 veces por semana, durante un total de 12 semanas. Resultados Comparaciones intragrupo: Hubo diferencias extremadamente significativas entre los grupos A, B y C; se encontraron diferencias extremadamente significativas entre el primer y el segundo y tercer tiempo del grupo A; cuando se compararon, el primer, el segundo y el tercer tiempo del grupo B también mostraron modificaciones. Conclusión El entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo estable e inestable puede mejorar la flexibilidad; después del entrenamiento, las ganancias de flexibilidad del entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal inestable son más duraderas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abdominal core strength training and body stability in tae kwon do athletes / Treinamento de força do centro abdominal e estabilidade corporal em atletas de tae kwon do / Entrenamiento de fuerza del núcleo abdominal y estabilidad corporal en atletas de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominal core strength is one of the main factors controlling body balance, helping to efficiently apply body kinetic energy to the movements of Tae Kwon Do martial arts. Objective: Explore the effects of abdominal core strength training on postural stability in Tae Kwon Do athletes. Methods: Forty Tae Kwon Do competitors were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The control group was subjected to the club's regular exercise program, while the experimental group added three months of stabilization exercise to the regular exercise program. The changes in the experiment on each index were analyzed statistically. Results: After 3 months of postural balance training, Tae Kwon Do athletes' center of gravity stability was improved. The results showed significant improvement in squatting, stretching, thoracic girdle flexibility, balance ball flexion, and ipsilateral hand extension (P<0.05). Conclusion: Abdominal core strength training can improve core muscle group strength in taekwondo athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A força do centro abdominal é um dos principais fatores de controle do equilíbrio corporal, auxiliando na aplicação eficaz da energia cinética corporal aos movimentos da arte marcial de Tae Kwon Do. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de força do centro abdominal na estabilidade postural dos atletas de Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 40 competidores de Tae Kwon Do, divididos em grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo controle foi submetido ao programa de exercício regular do clube, enquanto ao grupo experimental foram adicionados três meses de exercício de estabilização ao programa de exercício regular. As alterações do experimento em cada índice foram analisadas estatisticamente. Resultados: Após 3 meses de treinamento de equilíbrio postural, a estabilidade do centro de gravidade dos atletas de Tae Kwon Do foi aprimorada. Os resultados mostraram uma melhora significativa no agachamento, alongamento, flexibilidade de cintura torácica, flexão com bola de equilíbrio e extensão ipsilateral da mão (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento de força do centro abdominal pode melhorar a força do grupo muscular central dos atletas taekwondo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fuerza del núcleo abdominal es uno de los principales factores de control del equilibrio corporal, ayudando en la aplicación eficiente de la energía cinética del cuerpo a los movimientos del arte marcial Tae Kwon Do. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal sobre la estabilidad postural en atletas de Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 40 competidores de Tae Kwon Do, divididos en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo de control fue sometido al programa de ejercicio regular del club, mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadieron tres meses de ejercicios de estabilización al programa de ejercicio regular. Los cambios del experimento en cada índice se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Después de 3 meses de entrenamiento de equilibrio postural, la estabilidad del centro de gravedad de los atletas de Tae Kwon Do mejoró. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en las sentadillas, los estiramientos, la flexibilidad de la cintura torácica, la flexión de la pelota de equilibrio y la extensión de la mano ipsilateral (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de la fuerza del núcleo abdominal puede mejorar la fuerza del grupo muscular central en los atletas de taekwondo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of accelerated rehabilitation exercise after mbo on ankle function and strength in ankle instability / Efectos del ejercicio de rehabilitación acelerada después de tbm sobre la función y la fuerza en la inestabilidad del tobillo / Efeitos do exercício de reabilitação acelerada depois de tbm sobre a função e a força na instabilidade do tornozelo

ABSTRACT Background: Taekwondo athletes with lateral chronic ankle instability (LCAI) may experience difficulties with proprioception and ankle muscle strength. After surgery, a conventional rehabilitation exercise program can be ineffective, as it may not restore proprioception or muscle strength and, thus, result in minimal improvement. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of an ARE program following MBO on the proprioception, isokinetic strength, and endurance of ankle. Methods: Thirty athletes diagnosed with LCAI underwent MBO. They were divided into the ARE group (n=15) and the control group (CON, n=15). The ARE group performed early ARE exercises six times per week for 4 weeks. The parameters applied to test ankle muscle strength were angular speed of 30°/sec and 180°/sec (inversion: Inv. and eversion: Eve., respectively). Proprioception was measured as being able to sense a joint position of 15° of Inv. and 5° of Eve. Results: Significant differences were observed between the ARE and CON groups in ankle strength 30°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), 180°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), and proprioception at 15° (Inv.: p<0.001) and 5° (Eve.: p<0.001). Conclusions: We recorded significant short-term effects from early ARE in Taekwondo athletes with LCAI after MBO. The results provide reference data for the sports rehabilitator or ATC in evaluating the rehabilitation phase and informing patients about expectations after MBO in terms of performance status and the timing of return to sports. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies-Investigation of treatment outcomes - Case-control Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los atletas de Tae Kwon Do con inestabilidad lateral crónica del tobillo (ILCT) pueden presentar dificultades con la propiocepción y la fuerza muscular del tobillo. Después de la cirugía, un programa convencional de ejercicios de rehabilitación puede ser ineficaz porque la propiocepción o la fuerza muscular pueden no restablecerse y, por tanto, dar lugar a una mejora mínima. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de ERA después de TBM sobre la propiocepción, la fuerza isocinética y la resistencia del tobillo. Métodos: Treinta atletas diagnosticados con ILCT fueron sometidos a TBM. Se dividieron en grupo ERA (n=15) y grupo de control CON (n = 15). El grupo de ERA realizó ejercicios ERA precoces seis veces por semana durante 4 semanas. Los parámetros aplicados para probar la fuerza muscular del tobillo fueron la velocidad angular de 30°/s y 180°/s (inversión: Inv y eversión: Eve, respectivamente). La propiocepción se midió por la capacidad de sentir la posición articular de 15° de Inv y 5° de Eve. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos ERA y CON en la fuerza del tobillo a 30°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), 180°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), y la propiocepción a 15° (Inv: p < 0,001) y 5° (Eve: p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Registramos efectos significativos a corto plazo con ERA precoz en atletas de Tae Kwon Do con ILCT después de TBM. Los resultados proporcionan datos de referencia para el rehabilitador deportivo o ATC (Certified athletic trainer) a la hora de evaluar la fase de rehabilitación e informar a los pacientes sobre las expectativas después de la TBM en cuanto a las condiciones de desempeño y el momento de retorno al deporte. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento - Estudio de caso-control

RESUMO Introdução: Os atletas de taekwondo com instabilidade lateral crônica do tornozelo (ILCT) podem apresentar dificuldades com propriocepção e força muscular do tornozelo. Depois da cirurgia, um programa de exercícios de reabilitação convencional pode ser ineficaz, porque a propriocepção ou a força muscular podem não se restaurar e, portanto, resultar em melhora mínima. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa de ERA depois de TBM sobre a propriocepção, força isocinética e resistência do tornozelo. Métodos: Trinta atletas com diagnóstico de ILCT foram submetidos à TBM. Eles foram divididos em grupo ERA (n=15) e grupo controle CON (n = 15). O grupo ERA realizou exercícios ERA precoces seis vezes por semana durante 4 semanas. Os parâmetros aplicados para testar a força muscular do tornozelo foram velocidade angular de 30°/s e 180°/s (inversão: Inv e eversão: Eve, respectivamente). A propriocepção foi medida pela capacidade de sentir a posição articular de 15° de Inv e 5° de Eve Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos ERA e CON na força do tornozelo 30°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), 180°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), e propriocepção a 15° (Inv: p < 0,001) e 5° (Eve: p < 0,001). Conclusões: Registramos efeitos de curto prazo significativos com ERA precoce em atletas de taekwondo com ILCT depois da TBM. Os resultados fornecem dados de referência para o reabilitador esportivo ou ATC (Certified athletic trainer) na avaliação da fase de reabilitação e informar os pacientes sobre as expectativas depois da TBM em termos de condições de desempenho e momento de retorno ao esporte. Nível de evidência III; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento - Estudo de caso-controle.

Physical training intervention on the functional status of taekwondo athletes / Intervenção de treinamento físico no status funcional dos atletas de taekwondo / Intervención del entrenamiento físico en el estado funcional de los atletas de taekwondo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Taekwondo is a fighting and confrontational game that requires exceptionally high physical and psychological qualities from athletes. It has higher requirements on the athlete's explosive power, coordination ability, spatial perception, and psychosocial quality. Any slight body changes in an athlete can destabilize the nervous system and cause changes in the immune system. These changes can increase the risk factor during training and competition. Objective: Monitor the physical function of taekwondo athletes. Methods: This paper discusses the essential role of biochemical indicators in taekwondo training. At the same time, it explores the relationship between physical function and the training effect of taekwondo athletes. Taekwondo athletes underwent a one-year training program. The program monitored and recorded the athletes' biochemical parameters during training. The relationship between the training program formulation and the biochemical indicators of taekwondo athletes was analyzed. Results: The overall average level of nitrogen and urea in the blood was significantly higher than that of the setting phase after a large amount of exercise (P<0.05). Changes in blood urea after the routine were relatively stable (P>0.05). Most participants demonstrated hemoglobin in the normal range and reached its upper limit after winter training. Conclusion: The quality of the biochemical indicators of the athlete directly affects his performance. Sanguine nitrogen and hemoglobin are the main biochemical indicators for monitoring Taekwondo athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O Taekwondo é um jogo de luta e confronto que requer qualidades físicas e psicológicas excepcionalmente elevadas dos atletas. Ele tem requisitos mais altos sobre o poder explosivo do atleta, capacidade de coordenação, percepção espacial e qualidade psicossocial. Qualquer leve alteração corporal de um atleta pode desestabilizar o sistema nervoso e causar alterações no sistema imunológico. Estas mudanças podem aumentar o fator de risco durante o treinamento e a competição. Objetivo: Monitorar a função física dos atletas de taekwondo. Métodos: Este documento discute o papel essencial dos indicadores bioquímicos no treinamento de taekwondo. Ao mesmo tempo, explora a relação entre a função física e o efeito do treinamento dos atletas de taekwondo. Atletas de taekwondo foram submetidos a um programa de treinamento de um ano. O programa monitorou e registrou os parâmetros bioquímicos dos atletas durante o treinamento. Analisou-se a relação entre a formulação dos programas de treinamento e os indicadores bioquímicos dos atletas de taekwondo. Resultados: O nível médio geral de nitrogênio e ureia no sangue foi significativamente maior do que o da fase de ajuste após uma grande quantidade de exercício (P<0,05). As variações na ureia sanguínea após a rotina foram relativamente estáveis (P>0,05). A maioria dos participantes demonstrou hemoglobina na faixa normal e atingiu o seu limite superior após o treinamento de inverno. Conclusão: A qualidade dos indicadores bioquímicos do atleta afeta diretamente o seu desempenho. O nitrogênio e a hemoglobina sanguíneos podem ser usados como os principais indicadores bioquímicos para monitorar os atletas de Taekwondo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El taekwondo es un juego de lucha y enfrentamiento que exige a los deportistas unas cualidades físicas y psicológicas excepcionalmente altas. Tiene mayores exigencias en cuanto a la potencia explosiva, la capacidad de coordinación, la percepción espacial y la calidad psicosocial del atleta. Cualquier pequeño cambio corporal en un deportista puede desestabilizar el sistema nervioso y provocar cambios en el sistema inmunitario. Estos cambios pueden aumentar el factor de riesgo durante el entrenamiento y la competición. Objetivo: controlar la función física de los atletas de taekwondo. Métodos: Este artículo analiza el papel esencial de los indicadores bioquímicos en el entrenamiento de taekwondo. Al mismo tiempo, explora la relación entre la función física y el efecto del entrenamiento de los atletas de taekwondo. Los atletas de taekwondo se sometieron a un programa de entrenamiento de un año. El programa controló y registró los parámetros bioquímicos de los atletas durante el entrenamiento. Se analizó la relación entre la formulación de los programas de entrenamiento y los indicadores bioquímicos de los atletas de taekwondo. Resultados: El nivel medio global de nitrógeno y urea en sangre fue significativamente mayor que el de la fase de ajuste después de una gran cantidad de ejercicio (P<0,05). Los cambios en la urea en sangre después de la rutina fueron relativamente estables (P>0,05). La mayoría de los participantes mostraron una hemoglobina en el rango normal y alcanzaron su límite superior después del entrenamiento invernal. Conclusión: La calidad de los indicadores bioquímicos del deportista afecta directamente a su rendimiento. El nitrógeno sanguíneo y la hemoglobina pueden utilizarse como principales indicadores bioquímicos para el seguimiento de los atletas de taekwondo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The effect of functional sports training on tae kwon do athletes' explosive power / Efeitos de treinamento funcional esportivo na força explosiva de atletas de tae kwon do / Efectos de entrenamiento funcional deportivo en la fuerza explosiva de atletas de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction: The training methods of Tae Kwon Do athletes need to be scientific and standardized. Their explosive power, especially, has a direct impact on the performance in the sport. Objective: To study the content and methods of functional training for Tae Kwon Do athletes. Methods: This study includes a bibliographic investigation, an interview, and uses the logical analysis method to explore the functional training of Tae Kwon Do athletes. Results: There were highly significant changes in the explosive power before and after the athletes' functional training experiment, as well as in their core endurance, core stability, routine skills, and other indicators. Conclusion: Functional training has become an effective method to improve the explosive power in Tae Kwon Do athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Os métodos de treinamento de atletas do taekwondo devem ser padronizados com base em evidências. O uso de força explosiva, especialmente, tem um impacto direto na performance nesse esporte. Objetivo: Estudar o conteúdo e os métodos do treino funcional de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Esse estudo inclui uma investigação bibliográfica, uma entrevista, e usa o método de análise lógica para explorar o treinamento funcional de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Resultados: Houve mudanças muito significativas na força explosiva dos atletas antes e depois do experimento com treino funcional. O mesmo ocorreu quanto à resistência e estabilidade do core, em suas habilidades de rotina, e em relação a outros indicadores. Conclusões: O treino funcional tornou-se um método eficiente para melhorar a força explosiva de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los métodos de entrenamiento de atletas del taekwondo deben ser estandarizados con base en evidencias. El uso de la fuerza explosiva, especialmente, tiene un impacto directo en el desempeño en este deporte. Objetivo: Estudiar el contenido y los métodos del entrenamiento funcional de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Este estudio incluye una investigación bibliográfica, una entrevista y usa el método de análisis lógico para explorar el entrenamiento funcional de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Resultados: Hubo cambios muy significativos en la fuerza explosiva de los atletas antes y después del experimento con entrenamiento funcional. Lo mismo ocurrió con respecto a la resistencia y a la estabilidad del core, en sus habilidades de rutina, y en relación a otros indicadores. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento funcional se tornó un método eficiente para mejorar la fuerza explosiva de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Characteristics and prevention of sports injuries in taekwondo training / Características e prevenção de lesões esportivas no treinamento de taekwondo / Características y prevención de lesiones deportivas en el entrenamiento de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the extensive and in-depth development of Taekwondo in China, more and more people participate in Taekwondo training. Due to the lack of experience of some coaches and the misunderstanding of scientific sports training by young athletes, injuries occur from time to time. This has a bad effect on Taekwond itself, and it can also damage the health of athletes. Objective: This article discusses joint injuries in Taekwondo and analyzes the characteristics of Taekwondo sports injuries and preventive methods. Methods: This article uses a questionnaire applied to young athletes to gain an understanding of the sports injuries situation. Results: The most common injury sites were feet and joints. The nature of the injuries is mostly soft tissue injury, ligament laceration, and muscle strain. The most serious injuries are kidney and perineal damage. Conclusion: Improving the level of training, strengthening medical supervision, and paying attention to the timely treatment of acute injuries are important ways to reduce the occurrence of trauma. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento extenso e profundo do Taekwondo na China, cada vez mais pessoas participam do treinamento nesse esporte. Com a falta de experiência de alguns treinadores e a compreensão errônea de jovens atietas quanto ao treinamento esportivo científico, de vez em quando ocorrem lesões. Isso tem efeito negativo sobre o próprio Taekwondo e também pode prejudicar a saúde dos atletas Objetivo: Este artigo discute lesões articulares no Taekwondo e analisa as características das lesões do esporte, bem como os métodos de prevenção. Métodos: Este artigo aplicou um questionário a jovens atletas para obter uma compreensão da situação das lesões esportivas. Resultados: Os locais de lesão mais comuns foram pés e articulações. A natureza das lesões é principalmente nos tecidos moles, laceração de ligamento e tensão muscular. As lesões mais graves são danos renais e perineais. Conclusões: Melhorar o nível de treinamento, fortalecer a supervisão médica e prestar atenção ao tratamento oportuno de lesões agudas são maneiras importantes de reduzir a ocorrência de traumas. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el amplio y profundo desarrollo del Tae Kwon Do en China, cada vez más personas participan en el entrenamiento de este deporte. Debido a la falta de experiencia de algunos entrenadores y a la comprensión errónea de jóvenes atletas sobre el entrenamiento deportivo científico, ocasionalmente se producen lesiones. Esto tiene un efecto negativo en el propio Tae Kwon Do y también puede perjudicar la salud de los atletas. Objetivo: Este artículo trata de las lesiones articulares en el Tae Kwon Do y analiza las características de las lesiones en este deporte, así como los métodos de prevención. Métodos: En este artículo se aplicó un cuestionario a jóvenes atletas para conocer la situación de las lesiones deportivas. Resultados: Los lugares más comunes de las lesiones fueron los pies y las articulaciones. La naturaleza de las lesiones es principalmente en los tejidos blandos, rotura de ligamentos y tensión muscular. Las lesiones más graves son los daños renales y perineales. Conclusiones: Mejorar el nivel de entrenamiento, reforzar la supervisión médica y prestar atención al tratamiento oportuno de las lesiones agudas son formas importantes de reducir la incidencia de traumatismos. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigatión de los resultados del tratamiento.

Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor AUY-922 Reversing ALK Inhibitor Resistance in Human Neuroblastoma Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the mechanism of HSP90 inhibitor AUY-922 reversing the resistance of human neuroblastoma cells to the second generation ALK inhibitor TAE684. Methods The effect of AUY-922 on the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y and KELLY carrying ALK F1174L gene was detected by MTT method. The effect of AUY-922 on cell cycle of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells was detected by flow cytometry. The effects of AUY-922 on cyclin Cdc2, ALK protein and downstream signal pathways p-Akt, p-Erk, p-stat3 in SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells were detected by Western blot. Results AUY-922 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells, and the IC50 were about 0.30 μmol/L and 0.12 μmol/L, respectively. AUY-922 could induce cell cycle arrest of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells in G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. AUY-922 could degrade Cdc2 and ALK proteins in SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells in a dose-dependent manner, and reduce the levels of p-Akt, p-Erk and p-stat3. Conclusion The reversal effect of HSP90 inhibitor AUY-922 on drug resistance of human neuroblastoma to ALK inhibitor may be related to its induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest, the degradation of ALK protein and the inhibition of downstream signal pathway.

Análisis de la velocidad y la aceleración entre un golpe de boxeo y uno de taekwondo / Analysis of speed and acceleration between a boxing attack and taekwondo

RESUMEN Dentro del ámbito nacional e internacional, se carecen de estudios que evalúen la semejanza o la diferencia entre los golpes principales de deportes de combate. Por tal razón, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los golpes más representativos de boxeo y de taekwondo, con los cuales, se pretende reconocer las diferencias entre la velocidad y la aceleración de la ejecución del golpe recto, en boxeo y bandal chagi, en taekwondo. El método utilizado fue observacional, de corte transversal y descriptivo. Mediante captura videográfica, los golpes recto y bandal chagi, fueron analizados por el software Ehuman versión 5.0. El procedimiento estadístico involucró una prueba Mann Whitney U Test, para determinar la semejanza o diferencia entre las variables. La muestra estuvo constituida por 8 boxeadores y 8 taekwondocas, de rama masculina de Bogotá, quienes hacen parte de los equipos de rendimiento de la capital. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se destacó la diferencia entre velocidades del golpe recto en boxeo, correspondiente a 4,17±1,35m/s, frente a la patada bandal chagi, de 11,75±1,04m/s; la diferencia estadística fue de p=0,0008. Para la evaluación de aceleración, el golpe recto presentó, como resultado, 12,3±5,41m/s2, mientras que la patada bandal chagi, tuvo un resultado promedio de 74±37,85m/s2; la diferencia estadística fue de p=0,00033, utilizando, para ambas medidas, un nivel de significancia de p=0,05.

ABSTRACT Within the national and international scope, studies that assess the similarity or difference between the main knock of combat sports will be seen. For this reason, the maims of this research is to analyze the most representative knock of Boxing and Taekwondo, pretent to recognice the differences between the speed and acceleration of the execution of the straight punch in boxing and the chagi bandal in the taekwondo. The method used was observational, cross-sectional and descriptive. It was processed by the video capture of the straight strokes and chagi bandal, it was analyzed by means of the Ehuman software version 5.0. The statistical procedure involved a Mann Whitney U Test to determine the similarity or difference between the variables. The sample was conformed by 8 boxers and 8 takwondo athletes from the male category of Bogotá, who had part of the capital's performance teams. Among the results affected, the difference between speeds of the straight punch in boxing, corresponding to 4.17 ± 1.35 m/s, was highlighted, compared to the bandal chagi kick of 11.75 ± 1.04 m/s, the difference statistic was p = 0.0008. For the evaluation of the acceleration the straight hit, the following results are shown, 12.3 ± 5.41m/s2, while the bandal chagi kick had an average result of 74 ± 37.85m/s2, the statistical difference was of p = 0.00033 using a significance level of p = 0.05 for the measurements.

Effect of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor TAE226 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor TAE226 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.@*METHODS@#HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells were cultured with TAE226 under different concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 μmol·L⁻¹) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin. The protein expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin were determined by Western blot assay after 48 h of TAE226 treatment.@*RESULTS@#Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that increasing the TAE226 dose and reaction time resulted in increased and decreased E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNA expressions, respectively (P<0.05). Western blot assays showed that increasing the TAE226 dose resulted in increased and decreased E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expressions, respectively (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TAE226, which is expected to be an effective drug for OSCC treatment, can effectively inhibit the EMT of the OSCC cell line.

Super-selective hepatic artery embolization and bleomycin in treatment of liver hemangioma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of super-selective hepatic artery embolization (TAE) and bleomycin hydrochloride in treatment of liver hemangioma.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 132 patients treated for liver hemangioma from January 2011 to December 2014.The patients underwent super-selective TAE.There were 26 men and 106 women.The age ranged from 29.0 to 65.0 (46.0±8.0) years.An emulsion of iodized oil and bleomycin and polyvinyl alcohol particle (PVA) was used for the TAE.Routine follow-up visits on post-treatment Days 3 and 7 were carried out to detect complications and changes in liver function.The diameters of the lesions pre-TAE and at 6,12 and every 12 months thereafter were monitored.Results TAE was technically successful in all these patients.The range of follow-up was 3～6 years.The successful rates of treatment at 6 month,12 months,24 months,and 36 months,were 100％,100％,96.9％ and 90.6％,respectively.Conclusion TAE with an emulsion of iodized oil and bleomycin and PVA was a safe and efficacious treatment for liver hemangioma on long-term follow-up.

Effect of triterpenic acid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus on high glucose-induced pancreatic α cells insulin resistance / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of triterpenic acid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus(TAE)on glucagon secretion in insulin-resistance pancreatic α cells, the model of insulin resistance in αTC1-6 cells was induced by long term exposure to high glucose. Experimental groups were divided as follow: control(5. 5 mmol/L glucose), model(25 mmol/L), TAE(1, 5, 10 μg/mL), and TAE(10 μg/mL)plus wortmannin(10 nmol/L)group. The supernatant and lysate of treated cells were collected to determine glucagon secretion by ELISA kit. The mRNA and protein abundance of IRS-1, PI3K and Akt were measured by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Results showed that TAE could not only significantly reduce glucagon secretion induce by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner, but also remarkably increased the mRNA and protein abundance of IRS-1, PI3K and Akt in αTC1-6 cells. However, these effects of TAE were reversed by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. In conclusion, it suggested that TAE could improve the insulin resistance induced by high glucose in pancreatic α cells which may be related with the activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Pre-competition physical, physiological and psychosocial states of taekwondo athletes / Estado físico, fisiológico e psicossocial de atletas do tae kwon do na pré-competição

ABSTRACT Combined analysis of pre-competition physical, physiological and psychosocial features in taekwondo has not been performed. Therefore, this study examined the pre-competition physical, physiological and psychosocial states of taekwondo athletes participating in the Brazilian Taekwondo Championship. In a pre-experimental study, five athletes of the men's Paraíba taekwondo team (26±8 years old; 1.76±0.04 m) underwent anthropometric assessments, measurement of markers of muscle damage, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and evaluation of mood and recovery-stress states and of explosive power of lower limbs at two time points: 30 (pre) and 2 (post) days before the Brazilian Championship. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test (95% confidence). The percent difference (Δ) between time points and Cohen's effect size (d) were calculated. Percent effects were observed on muscle damage (Δ= −25.7% in CK, d= 1.1) and antioxidant activity (Δ= 22.7% in MDA, d = 2.56). Conflicts/Pressure and Depression states increased by 40% (d= 1.11) and 100% (d= 1.30), respectively, while lower limb explosive power increased by 9.05% (d= 4.24). We conclude that athletes exhibited increased Conflict/Pressure and Depression states, but improved the explosive power of lower limbs and maintained the physiological state expected for competition.

RESUMO Os aspectos físico, fisiológico e psicossocial no tae kwon do em um período pré-competitivo ainda não foram investigados concomitantemente. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os estados físico, fisiológico e psicossocial de atletas de tae kwon do em período pré-competitivo para o campeonato brasileiro. Em um estudo pré-experimental, cinco atletas da seleção masculina de tae kwon do da Paraíba (26±8 anos; 1,76±0,04m) foram submetidos a avaliações antropométricas, dosagens de marcadores de dano muscular, inflamação sistêmica e estresse oxidativo, estados de humor, estresse e recuperação e potência de membros inferiores em dois momentos: 30 (pré) e dois (pós) dias antes do campeonato brasileiro. A análise dos dados foi efetuada pelo teste de Wilcoxon (95% de confiança), cálculo da diferença percentual (Δ) entre os momentos e tamanho do efeito de Cohen (d). Foram verificados efeitos percentuais no dano muscular (Δ= −25,7% na CK; d= 1,10) e atividade oxidativa (Δ= +22,7% na MDA; d= 2,56). Os estados de Conflitos/Pressão e Depressão aumentaram 40% (d= 1,11) e 100% (d= 1,30), respectivamente, e a potência de membros inferiores aumentou 9,05% (d= 4,24). Conclui-se que os atletas aumentaram o estresse psicossocial, no entanto melhoraram a força explosiva de membros inferiores e mantiveram o estado fisiológico esperado para competição.

Perda de peso rápida em jovens competidores de Taekwondo / Rapid weight loss in Taekwondo young competitors

Objetivos: Verificar a frequência, as características e os métodos usados para a perda rápida de peso por lutadores de Taekwondo do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.Métodos: Um estudo transversal recrutou atletas que preencheram os seguintes critérios de inclusão: a) ser lutador de Taekwondo, b) graduado em faixa preta e c) competidor no evento em que ocorreu a coleta dos dados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada durante a primeira etapa do Circuito Costa Doce – Seletiva para Seleção Gaúcha, em 2013. Os dados foram coletados com questionário validado sobre perda de peso em lutadores, composto por três seções, preenchido antes da pesagem.Resultados: Dos 23 voluntários, 21 (91,3%) relataram perder peso para competir. A maioria perdeu entre 1 e 3 kg no período anterior à competição, durante três a quatro dias, até duas vezes por ano, através dos seguintes métodos: aumento de atividade física, omissão de refeições e restrição da ingestão hídrica. A maioria dos homens perdeu de 1 a 2 kg e as mulheres entre 1 e 2,5 kg. Os homens recuperaram até 2 kg após a pesagem, enquanto as mulheres chegaram a recuperar até 7 kg. O mestre foi a pessoa que mais os influenciou.Conclusões: Observou-se alta freqência da rápida redução de peso em atletas de Taekwondo. O profissional citado como maior influente na perda de peso foi o mestre. Os métodos mais utilizados foram o aumento de atividade física, diminuição na ingestão de alimentos e restrição hídrica...

AIMS: To assess frequency, characteristics and methods used for rapid weight loss by Taekwondo fighters in the state of Rio Grande do SulMETHODS: A cross-sectional study recruited athletes who met the following inclusion criteria: a) to be a Taekwondo fighter, b) to have a black belt degree c) being competitor in the event in which data collection occurred. Data collection took place during the first stage of the Costa Doce Circuit - Selective to State Team in 2013. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire on weight loss in wrestlers, consisting of three sections, completed before weighing.RESULTS: Of the 23 volunteers, 21 (91.3%) reported losing weight to compete. Most lost between 1 and 3 kg in the pre-competition period for three to four days, up to twice a year, by the following methods: increasing physical activity, skipping meals and restriction of fluid intake. Most men lost 1-2 kg and women between 1 and 2.5 kg. Men recovered until 2 kg after weighing, while the women came to recover up to 7 kg. The master was the person who most influenced them.CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high frequency of fast weight reduction in Taekwondo athletes. Professional cited as most influential in weight loss was the Master. The methods used were increased physical activity, decreased intake of food and fluid restriction...

Evaluación objetiva de los tratamientos psicológicos: modelos basados en la ciencia / Objective evaluation of psychological treatments: science-based models

En los últimos años han aumentado las investigaciones clínicas que utilizan el método científico para su validación, en gran parte influidas por el movimiento de los tratamientos con apoyo empírico (TAE) iniciado en la década de 1990. Se presentan los antecedentes de los TAE, sus objetivos y resultados, así como dos modelos de intervención que complementan a los TAE: las investigaciones sobre qué tipo de relación terapéutica predice más el éxito en las terapias, y las que buscan optimizar los sistemas de atención de salud mental. Se concluye que la mayoría de los TAE son técnicas que se basaron en la psicología experimental y que el método científico es la mejor herramienta con la que se cuenta para enfrentar el complejo problema de la conducta humana.

The last few years have seen an increase in clinical research that uses the scientific method for its validation, mainly due to the influence of the empirically supported treatments (ESTs) movement that started in the 1990s. The article describes the background, objectives, and results of ESTs, as well as two intervention models that complement them: one that promotes research on the type of therapeutic relation that guarantees greater success of the therapies, and one that seeks to optimize mental health care systems. The conclusion is that most ESTs are techniques based on experimental psychology, and that the scientific method is the best tool available to address the complex problem of human behavior.

Lumbar Disc Herniation in Tae Kwon Do Athletic Child

Lumbar disc herniation is extremely uncommon in children below 10 years of age. A 7-year-old boy is reported who presented with low back pain and left leg radiating pain. The pain started seven days prior to presentation and was attributed to performing the jumping kick without any previous warm-up. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterolateral disc herniation at the L3-4 level and multiple degenerative changes. The patient received conservative treatment including limitation of sports activities, anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant medications as well as physical therapy. After three months of the aggressive treatment the child was symptom free. We present here a lumbar disc herniation in one of the youngest patient.

«El pie del taekwondista¼:: exploración ecográfica a taekwondistas de la preselección nacional cubana / The tae kwon do athlete’s foot:: echographic exploration in Cuban National Selection athletes of this discipline / “Pied du taekwondoïste”, exploration échographique aux membres de l'équipe national cubain de taekwondo

INTRODUCCIÓN. La anamnesis, el examen físico y las radiografías convencionales aportan información limitada sobre las lesiones agudas, subagudas y crónicas frecuentes en los taekwondistas. Por su inocuidad, relativo bajo costo y elevada resolución, la ecografía constituye un método valioso de exploración imagenológica complementaria. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir las lesiones que se presentan en las estructuras articulares y periarticulares de los pies y tobillos de los taekwondistas. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo en 100 jóvenes no deportistas (controles) y en los 20 integrantes de la preselección cubana masculina de taekwondo. Se les realizó exploración ecográfica diagnóstica de los pies y tobillos según la metodología del laboratorio de imagenología del Instituto de Medicina Deportiva. Los datos se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS. En el 95 % de los deportistas evaluados se verificaron distorsiones en la ecoestructura de esta región anatómica, caracterizadas por la presencia de calcificaciones heterotópicas y cambios osteoartríticos en la región dorsal del pie, hallazgos que indican cambios degenerativos precoces y que los autores denominaron pie del taekwondista. CONCLUSIONES. El «pie del taekwondista¼ puede constituir una nueva entidad clínico-imagenológica de «sobreuso¼ deportivo, relacionada con los traumatismos directos y sistemáticos propios de este deporte. Los cambios degenerativos de las articulaciones intertarsianas y tarsometatarsianas de estos deportistas pueden interferir en su calidad de vida futura, por lo que se recomienda profundizar este estudio para sustentar mejor los resultados.

INTRODUCTION: The anamnesis, the physical examination and conventional radiographies provide limited information on acute, subacute and chronic injuries frequent in the tae knon do athletes. Due to its harmlessness, relative low cost and high resolution, echography is a value method of complementary imaging exploration. The aim of present paper is to describe the injuries present in articular and periarticular structures of feet and ankles of tae know doe athletes. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 100 non-sportsman young peoples (control) and in the 20 members of tae knon do male Cuban short list. They underwent diagnostic echographic exploration of feet and ankles according to methodology of imaging laboratory from Sports Medicine Institute. Data were processed by descriptive statistic. RESULTS: In the 95% of sportsmen evaluated there were distortions in ecostructure of this anatomic area, characterized by presence of heterotopic calcifications and osteoarthritis changes in foot dorsal area, findings suggesting the presence of early degenerative alterations called by authors as “tae know do athlete foot”. CONCLUSIONS: The “tae know do athlete foot” may be a new clinical-imaging entity of sports “overuse”, related to direct and systemic traumata own of this sport. The degenerative changes of the intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints of these sportsmen may to interfere with their future quality of life, thus it is recommended to deepen in this study to support better results.

INTRODUCTION. L'anamnèse, l'examen physique et les radiographies conventionnelles apportent assez peu d'information sur les fréquentes lésions aiguës, sous-aiguës et croniques des taekwondoïstes. L'échographie, étant inoffensive, relativement bon-marché et de haute résolution, constitue une méthode precieuse d'exploration complémentaire basée sur l'imagerie médicale. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les lésions localisées au niveau des structures articulaires et périarticulaires des pieds et des chevilles des taekwondoïstes. MÉTHODES. Une étude transversale et descriptive a été réalisée dans un groupe-contrôle de 100 jeunes non-sportifs et dans l'équipe nationale masculine de taekwondo de Cuba de 20 membres. Ils ont été l'object d'une exploration échographique diagnostique des pieds et des chevilles conformément à la méthodologie du laboratoire d'imagerie médicale de l'Institut de médecine du sport. Les données ont été traitées par statistique descriptive. RÉSULTATS. Des distorsions de l'écho-structure de cette région anatomique, caracterisées par la présence de calcifications hétérotopiques et de changements ostéo-arthritiques au niveau de la région dorsale du pied, ont été constatées dans 95% des atlètes. Ces observations indiquant des changements dégénératifs précoces sont nommées par les auteurs pied du taekwondoïste. CONCLUSIONS. Le “pied du taekwondoïste” peut constituer une nouvelle entité clinique causée par une “ pratique excessive” du sport, et associée aux traumatismes directs et systématiques propres de ce sport. Les changements dégénératifs des articulations intertarsiennes et tarso-métatarsiennes de ces atlètes peuvent influer sur la qualité de leur vie future, c'est pourquoi il est conseillé d'approfondir dans cette étude afin de mieux soutenir les résultats.

Diagnosis and Interventional Therapy by Spiral CT in Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and the curative effects of interventional therapy by spiral CT in rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods 46 patients were checked by spiral CT and abdominal puncture of non-condensable blood. All the patients were treated by the transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with iodinated oil and/or gelatin sponge. Results Characteristic findings were detected in 31 patients,of which 7 patients were chiefly detected by spiral CT. The bleeding of ruptured HCCs was controlled effectively in all the cases treated by TAE without serious complications. Conclusion Spiral CT is susceptive to the diagnosis of the ruptured HCC. TAE can be the chiefly treatment in ruptured HCC with fewer serious complications.

A Case of Successful Transarterial Embolization (TAE) in Huge Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of Uterus / 대한산부인과학회잡지

A case of Cessation of massive vaginal bleeding after TAE in giant Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of the Uterus. A 68-year old woman who had massive vaginal bleeding was diagnosed of AVM of uterus by ultrasonogram, CT, MRI, and angiography. In our case report, we tried transarterial embolization 2 times by spring coils and detachable balloons. She was treated successfully by TAE resulting in prompt cessation of life- threatened vaginal bleeding. Color and duplex doppler US is an appropriate modality for the detection and diagnosis of uterine AVMs and for follow-up after embolization. Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective method of treating this disease.

Transcatheter Renal Arterial Embolization of a Polycystic Kidney for Control of Persistent Hemorrhage / 대한신장학회잡지

We report a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE) of the renal arteries to control the persistent renal hemorrhage. In 1991, the patient had been diagnosed as having ADPKD by computed tomography(CT) of abdomen. In 1997, the patient started hemodialysis. In October 2000, she was admitted to our hospital because of gross hematuria and both flank pain. Abdominal CT showed marked enlargement of the bilateral kidneys with numerous cysts. Renal angiography using the Seldinger technique showed stretched and deformed segmental renal arteries without active bleeding. Renal hemorrhage was continued despite of medical treatment. TAE with stainless steel coils was performed on both renal arteries. Renal bleeding was stopped immediately after TAE and anemia was improved and stabilized thereafter. Follow-up CT after five months later TAE showed the marked decrease in size of both kidneys, and patient's abdominal symptoms were disappeared too. This report shows that TAE is a safe and effective therapy for ADPKD patients with persistent renal bleeding refractory to medical therapy.

Clinical Significance of Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PURPOSE: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Although there are many controversies about the effect of preoperative TAE, in some centers, it has been done in most patients with HCC. We investigated the effect of preoperative TAE on the prognosis for the patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 541 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC at the Department of Surgery in Seoul National University Hospital between 1988 and 1995. Among those, preoperative TAE was done in 489 patients (TAE (+) group) and was not done in 52 patients (TAE (-) group). We examined demographics, tumor-free survival rate, overall survival rate, and complications. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences of demographic data between TAE (+) and TAE (-) groups. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year tumor-free survival rates for TAE (+)/TAE (-) groups were 72.9%/70.6%, 43.8%/36.7% and 35.7%/30.5%, respectively. There was no statistical difference. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates for TAE (+)/TAE (-) group were 85.5%/86.0%, 69.1%/63.3% and 56.6%/51.7%, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The postoperative complication rates were 26.6% for patients undergoing pre operative TAE and 26.9% for patients not undergoing it; these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the patients who had preoperative TAE, the hospital stay was prolonged (24.4+/-11.4 days vs. 17.8+/-8.8 days) and cost increased significantly (about 1,300,000 won). CONCLUSION: Preoperative TAE shows no advantages in the treatment of resectable HCC. Rather, it prolongs hospital stay and increases cost. Therefore, preoperative TAE should be done only in selected patients.