Application of "group-based" TA guidance model in the construction of homogenized clinical skill training system / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the application effect of the "group-based" teaching assistant (TA) guidance model in homogenized clinical skill training.Methods:A pilot study was conducted on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course, and 32 students majoring in clinical integrative Chinese and Western medicine (five-year program) who were admitted to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018 were randomly divided into control group ( n = 16) and TA group ( n = 16). The control group received traditional teaching methods, and the TA group was further divided into subgroups A, B, C, and D, with four graduate TAs providing group-based teaching. The groups were compared in terms of their satisfaction and test scores. SPSS 25.0 was used for t-test and analysis of variance. Results:The satisfaction survey showed that compared with the control group, the TA group had significantly higher degree of satisfaction with the increased practical opportunities, clinical skill practical ability, learning effect, and overall satisfaction. The immediate test showed that there was no significant difference in test score between the TA group (85.19±2.93) points and the control group (82.75±4.52) points. The test 30 days later showed that the TA group (83.50±5.13) points had a significantly higher test score than the control group (74.68±3.87) points, and the control group had a significantly lower test score than that in the immediate test ( P <0.001); however, there was no significant difference in the TA group's score between the immediate test and the test 30 days later. Conclusion:The "group-based" TA guidance model has a good effect in homogenized clinical skill training, and has a stable long-term effect, with high student satisfaction.

Two Cases of Secondary Hypertension with Rare Aetiology

Secondary Hypertension comprises approximately 5% of Systemic Hypertension1. Renal parenchymal, Renovascular and Endocrine Diseases are amongst the common causes of Secondary Hypertension. Takayasu,s Arteritis is a rare form of Primary Systemic Vasculitis that appears to be commoner in Asia than Europe or North America2 and in contrast to Japanese patients, who have a higher incidence of aortic arch involvement, the series from India reports higher incidences of thoracic and abdominal involvement. In general, patients from Indian subcontinent tend to have greater prevalence of Pan-aortic Disease (both above and below the diaphragm) when compared with the west. In India the women : men ratio is around 1.5:1. Takayasu, s Arteritis most frequently affects young women3. Therapeutic intervention like Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) and Stenting, By-pass Surgeries or surgical reconstruction should be performed when disease is made inactive by the use of effective immunosuppressive Therapy4

Research progress of glucocorticoid receptor ligands / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Glucocorticoids have been applied to clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases for over 60 years.In recent years, the clinical application of glucocorticoids is annually on the rise with the increased incidence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Therefore, the adverse events of glucocorticoids have been well concerned.It is urgent to analyze the pharmacological mechanism of glucocorticoids, search for novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands with anti-inflammatory and immune inhibitory effects and less adverse events.This study aims to review the research progress of glucocorticoid receptor ligands.

TREATMENT FOR A REFRACTORY CHRONIC TENDOACHILLES TENDINITIS WITH PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTIONS: A CASE REPORT

To define the pain and functional improvement of the patient with chronic Achilles tendinitis treated with a single PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injection. Chronic Tendoachilles tendinitis is a severe cause for a decrease in physical activity and persistent pain. It arises secondary to an account of repetitive use or exaggerated overload. Platelet-rich plasma therapy is used to provide local regenerative healing of the tendon. This report describes a 50-year-old Active female who presented with continuous pain in bilateral Tendoachilles for Approximately 6 years duration. A single Platelet-rich plasma injection is given to the patient with chronic tendoachilles tendinitis to reduce pain and improve function and improved VAS (visual analogue score) score from 9 to 0 seen at 1-year follow-up. The patient has been pain-free for the past 2 years and is back to daily functional physical activity. A single injection of PRP in each tendoachilles distally has shown significant relief in pain and improvement in day-to-day physical activity and a rapid recovery from chronic TA tendinitis.

Radiosensitization effect of Ta 4C 3-PVP nanosheets on xenograft tumor in mice bearing 4T1 murine triple-negative breast cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of Ta 4C 3-PVP nanosheets on the tumor of 4T1 murine triple-negative breast cancer cells planted in mice. Methods:4T1 tumor-bearing mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cells into the right flank of the female BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into four groups uniformly according to their tumor size: blank control group, Ta 4C 3-PVP group, ionizing radiation (IR) group and Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group. A single dose of 8 Gy X-ray local irradiation was given to xenograft tumor at 24 h after tail intravenous injection of Ta 4C 3-PVP (20 mg/kg). The xenograft tumor volume and weight, the pathological changes of tumor tissue, the expression of tumor proliferative marker Ki-67 protein, and the formation of γ-H2AX foci [a DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) molecular marker] were detected. Tumor growth curve was established, and enhancement factor (EF) and tumor inhibition rate were calculated. Results:Compared with the blank control group, tumor growth was significantly inhibited ( t=5.41, 9.59, P < 0.05) and tumor weight was markedly decreased ( t=2.67, 4.40, P < 0.05) in both IR group and Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group at day 16 after IR. The EF in Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group was 1.57, and tumor inhibition rate in Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group were about 64%, which was much higher than that of IR group alone(42%). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence histochemistry assays showed that the expression of Ki-67 protein was obviously decreased and the amount of γ-H2AX foci was significantly increased in both IR group and Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group in comparison with the blank control group ( t=5.73, 8.02, 2.97, 9.86, P < 0.05). Moreover, the inhibition of Ki-67 protein expression and the increase of γ-H2AX foci were much higher in Ta 4C 3-PVP plus IR group than that in IR group ( t=4.75, 4.42, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Ta 4C 3-PVP nanosheets could enhance radiosensitivity of xenograft tumor in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice through increasing the IR-induced DNA DSBs.

Resultado del tratamiento en pacientes sometidos a ablación percutánea por arritmias supraventriculares en la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo abril 2013- julio 2018 / Treatment outcome of percutaneous ablation in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias in Cuenca, April 2013- July 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las taquicardias supraventriculares son comunes en la práctica clínica, a pesar de tener buen pronóstico, puede afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El tratamiento médico no da como resultado la ausencia total de la arritmia, por lo que la terapia por ablación se ha convertido en el tratamiento de elección en muchos de los casos por su alto índice de éxito brindando una solución definitiva. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de presentación de las principales taquicardias supraventriculares, distribuidas por edad y sexo, la frecuencia de éxito de la ablación percutánea y los factores relacionados con el mismo y la frecuencia de las complicaciones presentadas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal y de correlación, que incluyó 156 con diagnóstico de taquicardia supraventricular y ablacionados en los cinco centros hospitalarios en donde se realizó el procedimiento, basándonos en los registros clínicos de los mismos. RESULTADOS: De los 156 pacientes, 51.9% fueron mujeres y 48.1% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 80 años de edad. Las arritmias reportadas fueron taquicardia de reentrada nodal, taquicardia reentrante auriculoventricular y flutter auricular, de estas la más frecuente fue la taquicardia por reentrada auriculoventricular. El éxito global del tratamiento fue del 93.5%, sin reportar complicaciones, los factores relacionados estudiados no presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento por ablación tuvo un alto porcentaje de éxito y una tasa nula de complicaciones, esto es un indicador tanto de eficacia como seguridad de este procedimiento.(au)

BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia is commonly diagnosed in clinical practice, despite having a good prognosis, it can significantly affect the patient's life quality. Pharmacological treatment does not result in the total absence of the arrhythmia, which is why ablation therapy has become the treatment of choice, due to its high success rate, and for offering a definitive solution. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of each supraventricular tachycardia type, according to age and sex, the rate of success of percutaneous ablation and its related factors, and the frequency of complications due to the procedure. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was conducted, including 156 patients diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia and ablated, from five hospitals where the procedure was performed, based on their clinical records. RESULTS: From the 156 patients in this study, 51.9% were women and 48.1% men, the age ranged between 10 and 80 years. The most commonly reported arrhythmias were nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter, being the atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia the most frequent of all. The global success rate was 93.5%, no complications were reported, and none of the studied factors had significant statistical association with the success rate. CONCLUSION: Ablation treatment had a high success rate, with cero complications in this study, demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the procedure.(au)

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Breviscapine Gastric Adhesive Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To prepar e Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets ，to optimize the formulation and to evaluate the quality. METHODS ：HPMC K 100M and carbomer 934P were used as bioadhesives and skeleton materials ，and lactose was used as filler，and magnesium stearate was used as glidant and lubricant to prepare Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets by direct powder pressing method. The comprehensive scores of scores of accumulative release rate of Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets in pH 6.8 PBS at 2，6，12 h（Q2 h，Q6 h，Q12 h，with scutellarin meter ，by HPLC method ）and in vitro adhesion force of gastric tissue were evaluated by weighting method. Taking this scores as indexes，L9（34）orthogonal test design was used to optimize the amount of HPMC K 100M，carbomer 934P and lactose in Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets and validation tests were conducted. The properties，identification，weight difference ，fragility，release and the content of scutellarin of the gastric adhesive tablets were determined. RESULTS ：The optimal prescription of Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets were 42％ breviscapine，10％ HPMC K100M，3％ carbomer 934P and 45％ lactose. The verification test results show that the Q2 h，Q6 h，Q12 h of 3 batches of Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets were 20.36％，48.55％，and 87.00％ ；the average in vitro adhesion force of gastric tissue was 31.36 g/cm2；the average comprehensive score was 70.23（RSD＝1.84％，n＝3）. The gastric adhesive tablets were light yellow，tasteless or slightly salty ；the peak time was consistent with that of scutellarin control ；its weight difference were ±6％， the fragility was 0.54％，and the Q12 h was 83.51％（RSD＝2.14％，n＝6）. The content of scutellarin was 288.47 mg/g（RSD＝ 0.70％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ：Breviscapine gastric adhesive tablets is prepared successfully ，and its quality evaluation conforms to the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 edition）.

Efficacy of Oral Tranexamic Acid Over Melasma

Background: Now a day’s melasma is a common pigmentarysyndrome among Asians and treatment is challenging. Oraltranexamic acid (TA) has materialized as a potential treatmentfor refractory melasma.Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluateefficacy of oral tranexamic acid over melasma.Method: This opened clinical trial study was carried out atTertiary medical hospital Dhaka from June 2016 to July 2018where informed consent was sought from the total 120 patientsto take part in the study. At the baseline visit, history ofmelasma regarding length of time present, relationship topregnancy, oral contraceptive, drug history were noted.Result: During the experiment, maximum patients belong to21-25 years age group and percentage of female were 82%higher than male. Also, after 6 months follow up of 250mgdose of tranexamic acid (TA) treatment result, where patientsrating for excellent, good, fair, and poor outcome accounted21% patients, 66%, 13%, and 11 % patient, respectively.Conclusion: From our result and analysis we can say that,oral TA can be a very much effective treatment for refractorymelasma. Careful screening for personal and familial riskfactors for thromboembolism should be done beforeintroduction.

Clinical Study To Analyse The Causes & Functional Outcome Of Various Procedures To Treat Tendo-Achilles Injuries

The achilles tendon plays a crucial role in the bipedal human beings. Injury to achilles tendon causes great difficulty in walking and running. This study aims to present the various causes , various treatment modalities and the functional outcome of tendo Achilles injuries. This is a retrospective study of 25 patients of with Tendo Achilles injury who presented at our department between July 2015 to December 2018.Patient age , cause of Tendo Achilles injury associated skin and soft tissue defect, tendon defect, various modalities of treatment and functional outcome were reviewed. A total of 23 men and two women with a mean follow up period of 6months to 15months were included. The most common cause of tendo Achilles injury was due to slipping of foot in an Indian closet .

O Acompanhamento Terapêutico no Envelhecimento ­ interfaces entre Psicogerontologia e a clínica do AT / Therapeutic Accompaniment in Aging - interfaces between Psychogerontology and TA Clinic / Acompañamiento terapéutico en el envejecimiento: interfaces entre la psicogerontología y la clínica TA

O Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) é uma modalidade de atendimento clínico extra-consultório voltado àqueles que, por algum motivo, se encontram excluídos do laço social, por restrições de quadros emocionais ou limitações físicas. O AT constitui-se de um dispositivo de intervenção clínica desenvolvido no cotidiano do acompanhado, proporcionando reconstruções na relação entre o sujeito e seu meio social, considerando sua singularidade. Objetivamos articular a teoria da clínica do AT com a prática do acompanhamento através de um relato de caso, possibilitando reflexões acerca da importância desse dispositivo para a área da psicogerontologia. O idoso pode ser excluído e marginalizado por trazer em si os sinais da fragilidade que contradizem com os valores contemporâneos de nossa cultura, como a produtividade e a jovialidade. Um idoso que, além de suas características pertinentes à própria idade, traz também marcas de adoecimento psicológico, como esquizofrenia e depressão, carrega em si um estigma potencializado. Uma velhice vivida sob a perspectiva da loucura consiste em uma imagem social negativa que resulta na discriminação e isolamento social. O AT no contexto da psicogerontologia visa a proporcionar maior visibilidade e empoderamento à subjetividade de quem envelhece à margem do padrão aceitável de velhice. O estudo se realizou através de relato de caso de uma paciente idosa acompanhada em seu domicílio situado na zona norte de São Paulo, entre fevereiro de 2016 até o presente momento. A intervenção clínica através do AT possibilitou uma melhora emocional de seus sintomas depressivos e psicóticos, permitindo a retomada de tarefas domésticas e sua reinserção social.

Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) is a form of extra-clinical clinical care aimed at those who, for some reason, are excluded from the social bond, due to emotional restrictions or physical limitations. The TA is a device of clinical intervention developed in the daily life of the companion, providing reconstructions in the relationship between the subject and their social environment, considering its uniqueness. We aim to articulate the theory of TA clinic with the practice of monitoring through a case report, allowing reflections on the importance of this device for the area of psychogerontology. The elderly can be excluded and marginalized for bearing the signs of fragility that contradict the contemporary values of our culture, such as productivity and youthfulness. An elderly person who, in addition to his or her agerelated characteristics, also carries marks of psychological illness, such as schizophrenia and depression, carries a potentiated stigma. An old age lived from the perspective of madness consists in a negative social image that results in discrimination and social isolation. TA in the context of psychogerontology aims to provide greater visibility and empowerment to the subjectivity of those who age beyond the acceptable standard of old age. The study was conducted through a case report of an elderly patient followed at her home in the north of São Paulo, from February 2016 to the present. The clinical intervention through TA allowed an emotional improvement of its depressive and psychotic symptoms, allowing the resumption of domestic tasks and their social reintegration.

El Acompañamiento Terapéutico (AT) es una forma de atención clínica extra-clínica dirigida a aquellos que, por alguna razón, están excluidos del vínculo social, debido a restricciones emocionales o limitaciones físicas. El TA es un dispositivo de intervención clínica desarrollado en la vida cotidiana del acompañante, que proporciona reconstrucciones en la relación entre el sujeto y su entorno social, teniendo en cuenta su singularidad. Nuestro objetivo es articular la teoría de la clínica TA con la práctica de monitoreo a través de un informe de caso, permitiendo reflexiones sobre la importancia de este dispositivo para el área de la psicogerontología. Los ancianos pueden ser excluidos y marginados por tener signos de fragilidad que contradicen los valores contemporáneos de nuestra cultura, como la productividad y la juventud. Una persona mayor que, además de sus características relacionadas con la edad, también presenta signos de enfermedad psicológica, como la esquizofrenia y la depresión, tiene un estigma potenciado. Una vejez vivida desde la perspectiva de la locura consiste en una imagen social negativa que resulta en discriminación y aislamiento social. TA en el contexto de la psicogerontología tiene como objetivo proporcionar una mayor visibilidad y empoderamiento a la subjetividad de aquellos que envejecen más allá del estándar aceptable de la vejez. El estudio se realizó a través de un informe de caso de un paciente anciano seguido en su casa en el norte de São Paulo, desde febrero de 2016 hasta el presente. La intervención clínica a través de AT permitió una mejora emocional de sus síntomas depresivos y psicóticos, permitiendo la reanudación de las tareas domésticas y su reintegración social.

Application of Triamcinolone acetonide in cataract surgery with NPDR / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To observe the changes of retina and choroid in macular region using EDI SD-OCT before and after phacoemulsification, and study the intervention and prevention effect of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)on macular edema.<p>METHODS: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, selected the cataract patients with NPDR in our hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group(group 1)received Tenon's injection of TA 40mg during phacoemulsification, while the control group(group 2)only received phacoemulsification. The changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central macular retinal thickness(CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)before and after surgery were observed.<p>RESULTS: There were significant differences in BCVA between the two groups before and after operation(<i>P</i><0.05); at 1wk after operation, the SFCT of the control group was thicker than that of the experimental group(<i>t</i>=2.165, <i>P</i><0.05); at 2wk after operation, there were significant differences between the CMT and SFCT groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There were significant differences in BCVA and CMT between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05), and no significant difference in IOP(<i>P</i>>0.05).The incidence of diabetic macular edema(DME)after surgery was 0 in group 1 and 11% in group 2.<p>CONCLUSION: Posterior subfascial injection of TA in NPDR patients during phacoemulsification may have a positive preventive effect on the occurrence of DME.

Association Between Toxin-antitoxin Systems on Plasmids and Persister Formation in CTX-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 Isolates

We investigated the effect of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bla(CTX-M-15)-bearing plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae on persister formation. The persister formation rate was notably high in transconjugants in plasmids bearing TA system than the transconjugants in plasmids bearing no TA systems. Activation of relA and spoT expression was higher in transconjugants with plasmids bearing TA systems. Thus, TA systems in plasmids may contribute to the maintenance of bla(CTX-M-15)-bearing plasmids and host survival via persister formation.

Nondestructive Analysis of Litchi Fruit Quality Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy

A non-destructive optical method based on near-infrared spectroscopy has been used for the evaluation of litchi fruit quality. Diffuse reflectance measurements (12500–3600 cm-1), physical, and biochemical measurements were performed individually on 100 litchi fruits of cv.Shahi cultivar harvested at different ripening stages. Relationships between spectral wavelengths and quality attributes were evaluated by application of chemometric techniques based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. The fruit set was divided into two groups: 60 fruits for calibration and 39 for validation. Good prediction performance was obtained for pH, soluble solids, and titratable acidity with correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.91 and 0.94 respectively and root mean square errors of prediction of 0.009, 0.291ºBrix and 0.011% malic acid respectively. For the other quality traits such as vitamin C and color the prediction models were not satisfactorily accurate due to the higherror of calibration and prediction.

Effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrate on biochemical parameters and histopathology of kidney in STZ induced diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrata(PEEEP) on biochem-ical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, total glycerides,total cholesterol,creatinine,urea nitrogen, uric acid levels and histopathology of kidney in STZ in-duced diabetic rats. Methods The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by feeding with high ener-gy diet for 8 weeks and injecting streptozotocin(30 mg ·kg-1), after making the model successfully, the rats were randomly divided into model control group, metformin positive control group and experimental group, and gavaged with distilled water, metformin (400 mg·kg-1) and different dose of PEEEP (100, 200,400 mg·kg-1) for 4 weeks, respectively. The contents of blood glucose,insulin,total glycerides,to-tal cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid were detected by corresponding kit, the pathological changes of kidney were observed by light microscopy, and the expression of TNF-α protein was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model control group, PEEEP could reduce blood glucose, total glyc-erides, total cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, u-ric acid and increase the content of insulin in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01 or P <0.05). It also could alleviate the pathological damage of kidney tis-sues and down-regulate the expression of TNF-α in kidney tissues. Conclusions PEEEP could effectively improve related biochemical parameters in streptozoto-cin induced diabetic rats, and it has protective effect on the kidney, providing the theoretical basis for fur-ther exploitation and utilization of Eclipta prostrata.

Aliança terapêutica, vinculação parental e sintomatologia de pacientes adultos que iniciam psicoterapia / Associations between therapeutic alliance, parental bonding and symptomatology in adult patients beginning psychotherapy / Allianza Terapéutica, vinculación parental y sintomatología del pacientes adultos que comienzan la psicoterapia

A aliança terapêutica (AT) é uma variável chave para o processo de mudança, sendo afetada por fatores do terapeuta e do paciente. Este estudo investigou a relação entre AT, vinculação parental e sintomatologia de pacientes em Psicoterapia Psicanalítica. Foram examinados 57 pacientes adultos entre a 4ª e a 5ª sessão de tratamento com medidas de avaliação da AT, da vinculação com os pais na infância e adolescência e de sintomas psicopatológicos. Associações positivas entre AT e cuidados da mãe e associações negativas entre AT e controle da mãe foram encontradas. Além disso, foram constatadas diferenças na AT entre os estilos parentais "cuidado ótimo" e "controle sem afeto" da mãe. Não houve associação entre AT e sintomas. Por outro lado, diversos sintomas mostraram associação positiva com o controle do pai. Os resultados indicam que a AT está relacionada com a história pregressa de vinculação do paciente e esta história tem relação com seu quadro clínico atual, evidenciando a complexidade dos processos que ocorrem na psicoterapia. (AU)

The Therapeutic Alliance (TA) is a key-variable for the process change, and it's affected by therapist's and patients' factors. This study investigated the relationship between TA, parental bonding and symptomatology in patients in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Fifty-seven adult participants were examined between the 4th and the 5th session of the treatment with assessments of TA, child and adolescence parental bonding and psychopathological symptoms. Positive associations between TA and "mother care" and negative associations between "mother overprotection" and TA were found. Also, significant differences were found in TA and the mother's parenting styles "optimal parenting" and "affectionless control". TA and symptoms were not associated. However, several symptoms had positive associations with father overprotection. Results indicate that TA is related with the parental bonding history and that this history is related with patients' current clinical condition, showing the complexity of the processes that occur in psychotherapy. (AU)

La Alianza Terapéutica (AT) es una variable clave para el proceso de cambio y es afectada por factores del terapeuta y del paciente. Este estudio examinó la relación entre la AT, la vinculación parental y la sintomatología en pacientes en psicoterapia psicoanalítica. Se examinaron cincuenta y siete participantes adultos entre la cuarta y la quinta sesión del tratamiento con instrumentos de evaluación de la alianza terapéutica, de la vinculación parental en la infancia y adolescencia, y de los síntomas psicopatológicos. Se encontraron asociaciones positivas entre la AT y el cuidado de la madre, y asociaciones negativas entre la AT e la protección de la madre. También se constató diferencias significativas en la AT y los estilos parentales de la madre "cuidado óptimo" y "control sin afecto". No hubo asociación entre AT y síntomas. Sin embargo, varios síntomas mostraran asociación positiva con el control del padre. Los resultados indican que la AT se relaciona con la historia anterior de vinculación del paciente y que esta historia tiene que ver con su cuadro clínico actual, mostrando la complejidad de los procesos que ocurren en la psicoterapia. (AU)

Hydraulic retention time on vinasse stabilisation with limestone in the acidogenic phase of anaerobic digestion / Tempo de retenção hidráulica em vinhaça estabilizada com calcário na fase acidogênica da digestão anaeróbia

ABSTRACT: The main problem in anaerobic digestion of low-protein residues is the instability caused acidity. The use of limestone at the same time as a neutralizing agent and support material is innovative because stones wear allows the slow release of the calcium carbonate thereby eliminating dispersers. Free calcium content in the system was measured in two plug flow reactors filled with vinasse at initial pH of 4.50. The proportion of 1.8 tonnes of limestone per m³ of vinasse was evaluated at the Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours, allowing stabilisation at 96 hours. The ratio of Volatile Acids/Total Alkalinity (VA/TA) ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 and the pH reached 7.0, at the HRT of 120 hours. Increasing the HRT also increased the volatile total solids (VTS) and fixed total solids (TFS) in a similar profile to the measured free calcium content, but calcium remained at the appropriate level of 100 to 250mg l-1. The proportion of limestone/vinasse was adequate to ensure stabilisation, but it is not recommended to reduce the HRT below 96 hours due to the risk of compromising the stability of the anaerobic system.

RESUMO: O maior problema na digestão anaeróbia de resíduos de baixo teor de proteína é a instabilidade por acidez. O uso de calcário ao mesmo tempo como agente neutralizador e material suporte é inovador porque permite eliminar o dosador pois o desgaste das pedras permite a liberação lenta do carbonato de cálcio. O teor de cálcio livre no sistema foi medido em dois reatores tipo Plug flow, preenchidos com vinhaça com pH inicial de 4,50. A proporção de 1,8 toneladas de calcário por m³ de vinhaça foi avaliada com os Tempos de Retenção Hidráulica (TRH) de 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas, permitindo a estabilização em 96 horas. Com um TRH de 120 horas, a relação de Ácidos Voláteis/Alcalinidade (AV/AC) variou de 0,2 à 0,4 e o pH atingiu 7,0. Aumentando o TRH também aumentaram os sólidos voláteis totais (SVT) e sólidos totais fixos (STF) em um perfil semelhante ao teor de cálcio livre medido, mas mantendo níveis adequados de 100 a 250mg L-1. A proporção de calcário/vinhaça mostrou-se adequada para garantir a estabilização, mas não se recomenda a redução do TRH abaixo de 96 horas devido ao risco de comprometer a estabilidade do sistema anaeróbio.

Records and reflections of teaching assistant's participation in the teaching of authentication of TCM / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching assistant was introduced to solve the outstanding issues in the teaching of authentication of TCM, such as irrationality for teaching subjects, separated theory and practice, incomplete evaluation system. With the help of teaching assistant, the new generation was able to play the advantages on Web-based course and WeChat subscription, and the students are encouraged to apply new media flexibly. Practice teaching was introduced into class to increase the combination of theory and practice. Teaching assistant played an important role in evaluation mechanism standardization and specialization, and forming the basis for formative evaluation. Updating the teaching mode, forming the strategy of autonomous learning and interactive teaching, we are hoping to improve the teaching quality of authentication of TCM, improve students' interest in specialized courses, and to provide reference for better teaching assistants' working and selection.

Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2mice and the possible potential mechanism / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To explore whether alcohol promotes the development of breast cancer in TA2 mice and the possible potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two 6-8-week old nulliparous female TA2 mice were randomly divided into control and ethanol-exposure groups, 16 mice in each group. The mice of the ethanol-exposure group were given 2%ethanol in drinking water, and the mice of control group received regular drinking water. Serum ethanol concentration in the TA2 mice was measured using an ANALOX AM1 alcohol analyzer. The incidence of breast cancer, tumor growth rate and tumor size of the ethanol-exposure and control groups were observed and compared. The estrogen levels of the two groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELASA) . Results Compared with the control group, the tumor for-mation rate of spontaneous breast cancer in the alcohol-exposure group was significantly increased (62. 5% vs. 43. 75%, P<0. 05), the average number of days of tumor formation was shortened (285 days vs. 335 days, P<0. 05), the tumor weight and volume were increased but not significant ( P>0. 05 ) , and the level of estrogen in the ethanol-exposure mice was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2 mice, which may be associated to the increase of estrogen levels.

Relationship between human papillomavirus genotypes in and clinical characteristics of adult plantar warts / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in adult patients with plantar warts,and to explore their relationship with clinical features of adult plantar warts.Methods PCR,gene sequencing and TA-cloning technique were performed to detect HPV types in 221 patients with plantar warts.Meanwhile,clinical data were recorded,including patients' age,disease duration,symptoms and number of warts.Results Of 221 specimens,HPV DNA was detected in 215,with the HPV-positive rate being 97％.Single HPV infections were detected in 206 specimens (96％,206/215),among which,HPV types included HPV-27 (44.7％,92/206),-2 (12.1％,25/206),-57 (7.3％,15/206),-7 (Alpha genus;0.5％,1/206),-65 (Gamma genus;0.5％,1/206),-1 (33.5％,69/206) and-63 (Mu genus;1.5％,3/206).There were no significant differences in age,disease duration,number of warts,incidence of pain and gender among patients with HPV-27,-2 or-57 infections.Compared with patients with HPV-27 infection,patients with HPV-1 infection were more related to age ≤ 30 years,disease duration ≤ 1 year,number of warts ≤ 2 and high incidence of pain.Conclusion HPV-27,-2,-57 and-1 are the main types in adult patients with plantar warts,and HPV types are correlated with clinical features of adult plantar warts.

Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2mice and the possible potential mechanism / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To explore whether alcohol promotes the development of breast cancer in TA2 mice and the possible potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two 6-8-week old nulliparous female TA2 mice were randomly divided into control and ethanol-exposure groups, 16 mice in each group. The mice of the ethanol-exposure group were given 2%ethanol in drinking water, and the mice of control group received regular drinking water. Serum ethanol concentration in the TA2 mice was measured using an ANALOX AM1 alcohol analyzer. The incidence of breast cancer, tumor growth rate and tumor size of the ethanol-exposure and control groups were observed and compared. The estrogen levels of the two groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELASA) . Results Compared with the control group, the tumor for-mation rate of spontaneous breast cancer in the alcohol-exposure group was significantly increased (62. 5% vs. 43. 75%, P<0. 05), the average number of days of tumor formation was shortened (285 days vs. 335 days, P<0. 05), the tumor weight and volume were increased but not significant ( P>0. 05 ) , and the level of estrogen in the ethanol-exposure mice was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusions Alcohol promotes the tumorigenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in TA2 mice, which may be associated to the increase of estrogen levels.