ABSTRACT
As arritmias podem ser causadas por alterações na geração do estímulo elétrico cardíaco, na propagação deste estímulo através do coração ou pela combinação de ambas. Normalmente, não se espera que o pediatra geral seja capaz de identificar e tratar todas as arritmias cardíacas, ficando essa tarefa para o cardiologista. Entretanto, é função do pediatra saber identificar e tratar as arritmias que se manifestam como urgênciaou emergência, ou seja, as que levam à instabilidade hemodinâmica ou choque, pois, nesses casos, a vida do paciente depende da rapidez com que as medidas terapêuticas são tomadas. Visa-se, neste artigo, demonstrar pontos básicos para facilitar a avaliação e abordagem primária das principais arritmias cardíacas pediátricas e orientar os primeiros e principais passos do tratamento.
Arrhythmias may be caused by changes in the generation of cardiac electrical stimulus, in stimulus conduction through the heart, or by a combination of both. The general pediatrician it is not usually expected to be able to identify and treat all cardiac arrhythmias, referring to the cardiologist for this task. However, pediatrician are expected to be able to identify and treat arrhythmias manifested in urgent or emergency care, i.e. those that lead to hemodynamic instability or to shock, given that, in such cases, the patient's life depends on how fast the therapeutic measures are taken. In this article we aim to demonstrate some basic pointers that facilitate the assessment and primary approach to the main pediatric cardiac arrhythmias and to guide in the first and main steps of treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between syncope and transient suppression of sinoatrial node in patients with preexcitation syndrome and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).Methods Twelve patients (male 8,female 4;age range:19-49 years) were enrolled due to WPW(Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome and syncope when the tachycardia terminated.The function of sinoatrial node was evaluated with clinical electrophysiologic study,and then radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) or antitachycardia pacemaker were optimized for the patients with a follow-up of 2 to 5 years.Results Electrocardiographic features of the 12 patients were: ventricular preexcitation (type A in 7 and type B in 5) and long pause when tachycardias ended up.Electrophysiologic study revealed the function of sinoatrial node was normal.Four patients received antitachycardia pacing therapy,5 underwent RFCA,and 3 received both.The 2 to 5 years follow-up found no relapse of PSVT associated syncope.Conclusion Transient suppression of sinoatrial node might explain the mechanism of syncope with preexcitation and PSVT.However,the reason why such a small group of patients differ from the majority of preexcited cases in clinical course remains to be unsettled.The first choice of prevention and treatment for these patients should be eliminating PSVT.Conventional pacemaker implantation for preventing syncope seems to be unnecessary.