Propuesta de indicadores para la selección de atletas en poomsae para el alto rendimiento. Validación práctica

La investigación propuesta, en el área de selección de talentos en el alto rendimiento, específicamente en la modalidad de poomsae, en su evento free style, representa un estudio estratégico, pues se encontraron limitaciones en el proceso de selección en dicha modalidad deportiva. Por lo que este trabajo presentó como objetivo evaluar los indicadores técnicos para la selección de atletas con respecto a la modalidad de poomsae en su evento free style. Esta selección se realiza acorde con las exigencias reglamentarias competitivas actuales, aplicadas por la Federación Mundial de este deporte. Se utilizaron métodos de nivel teórico inductivo-deductivo, analítico-sintético, así como histórico y del nivel empírico, la revisión documental y la medición. Se midieron los ángulos de los indicadores propuestos, a través del software biomecánico Kinovea. La técnica estadística utilizada fue el procesador estadístico SPSS 20. Se definieron y evaluaron de forma práctica los indicadores flexibilidad (splits central, lateral izquierdo, lateral derecho) con una media de 10.25 puntos; técnicas de pateo (pateos básicos, mantención, pateos con giro en el aire) con resultados de media de 2.5; 1,9 y 1.87 puntos; saltos acrobáticos (saltos en horcajadas, saltos en splits izquierdo, saltos en splits derecho) y los elementos acrobáticos con resultados de media de 8.69 y 2.21 puntos, para el proceso de selección de las escuelas de iniciación deportiva escolar en la modalidad de poomsae en su evento free style.

A pesquisa proposta, na área de seleção de talentos no alto rendimento, especificamente na modalidade poomsae, em sua prova de estilo livre, representa um estudo estratégico, uma vez que foram encontradas limitações no processo de seleção na referida modalidade esportiva. Portanto, este trabalho apresentou o objetivo de avaliar os indicadores técnicos para seleção de atletas no que diz respeito à modalidade poomsae em sua prova de estilo livre. Esta seleção é feita de acordo com os requisitos regulamentares competitivos em vigor, aplicados pela Federação Mundial desta modalidade. Foram utilizados métodos de nível teórico indutivo-dedutivo, analítico-sintético, bem como de nível histórico e empírico, revisão documental e mensuração. Os ângulos dos indicadores propostos foram medidos através do software biomecânico Kinovea. A técnica estatística utilizada foi o processador estatístico SPSS 20. Os indicadores de flexibilidade (abertura central, lateral esquerda, lateral direita) foram definidos e avaliados de forma prática com média de 10,25 pontos; técnicas de chutes (chutes básicos, segurar, chutes com giro no ar) com resultados médios de 2,5; 1,9 e 1,87 pontos; saltos acrobáticos (saltos de passada, saltos divididos à esquerda, saltos divididos à direita) e elementos acrobáticos com resultados médios de 8,69 e 2,21 pontos, para o processo seletivo das escolas de iniciação esportiva escolar na modalidade poomsae em sua prova de estilo livre.

The proposed research, in the area of talent selection in high performance, specifically in the poomsae modality in its free style event, represents a strategic study, since limitations were found in the selection process in said sporting modality. Therefore, this work presented the objective of evaluating the technical indicators for the selection of athletes with respect to the poomsae modality in its free style event. This selection is made in accordance with the current competitive regulatory requirements, applied by the World Federation of this sport. Theoretical level methods like inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic and historical were used and from the empirical level, documentary review and measurement, and the angles of the proposed indicators were measured through the Kinovea biomechanical software. The statistical technique used was the SPSS 20 statistical processor. There were defined and evaluated in a practical way the indicators of flexibility (central, left lateral, right lateral splits ) with an average of 10.25 points; kicking techniques (basic kicks, holding, kicks with spin in the air) with average results of 2.5; 1.9 and 1.87 points; acrobatic jumps (stride jumps, left split jumps , right split jumps ) and acrobatic elements with average results of 8.69 and 2.21 points, for the selection process of school sports initiation schools in the poomsae modality in their free style event .

Análisis de Datos Antropométricos y Madurativos para la Selección de Talentos en Voleibol / Analysis of Anthropometric and Maturational Data for Talents Selection in Volleyball

El proceso madurativo tiene una gran influencia sobre los factores antropométricos y las capacidades físicas del atleta, y por tanto, sobre el proceso de selección de talentos deportivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el estado madurativo y las características antropométricas junto con la comparación de estos datos por sexo en una muestra de 39 jugadores jóvenes de voleibol dentro de un proceso de selección de talentos (19 damas de 14,88±1,05 años y 13 varones de 15,1 años). Se obtuvieron datos de edad cronológica, altura, peso, altura sentado, altura de la madre y padre, la edad pico de crecimiento, el "timing" o periodo de tiempo por encima o por debajo de la edad pico, altura al final del proceso madurativo, el porcentaje actual de altura máxima, los centímetros restantes y el estado madurativo (pre-púber, púber o pos-púber). Los jugadores mostraron una mayor altura en el momento de las mediciones (179,92±6,87 vs 171,05±4,80; p<0,001), así como una mayor altura final calculada (189,46±3,73 vs 178,52±5,17; p<0,001), en comparación a las jugadoras. El pico en la velocidad de crecimiento también fue superior en los jugadores (14,56±0,44 vs 12,60±0,57; p<0,001), aunque su timing era inferior al de las jugadoras (0,531±1,19 vs 2,27±0,64; p<0,001). Esto se debió a un mayor porcentaje de jugadores masculinos en estados puberales, incluyendo un jugador en estadio pre-puberal, mientras que fue abundante la presencia de jugadoras en estado pospuberal. Estos datos reflejan la gran cantidad de jugadores que tienden a estar en periodos avanzados de maduración en procesos de selección de talentos. Por tanto, entrenadores y seleccionadores deben contemplar estas variables para evitar sesgos en el proceso de identificación del talento deportivo.

SUMMARY: The maturation process has a great influence on the anthropometric factors and physical capabilities of the athlete, and therefore, on the selection process of sporting talents. The objective of this work was to analyze the maturational state and anthropometric characteristics together with the comparison of these data by sex in a sample of 39 young volleyball players within a talent selection process (19 ladies of 14.88±1. 05 years old and 13 males aged 15.1 years). Data were obtained on chronological age, height, weight, sitting height, height of the mother and father, peak age of growth, timing or period of time above or below the peak age, height at the end of the process. maturation, the current percentage of maximum height, the remaining centimeters and the maturation status (pre-pubertal, pubertal or post-pubertal). The players showed a greater height at the time of the measurements (179.92±6.87 vs. 171.05±4.80; p<0.001), as well as a greater final calculated height (189.46±3.73 vs. 178.52±5.17; p<0.001), compared to the female players. The peak in growth speed was also higher in male players (14.56±0.44 vs 12.60±0.57; p<0.001), although their timing was lower than that of female players (0.531±1.19 vs 2.27±0.64; p<0.001). This was due to a higher percentage of male players in pubertal states, including one player in a pre-pubertal stage, while the presence of female players in a post-pubertal stage was abundant. These data reflect the large number of players who tend to be in advanced periods of maturation in talent selection processes. Therefore, coaches and selectors must consider these variables to avoid biases in the process of identifying sporting talent.

Talent identification and development in Olympic triathlon: a perspective from Brazilian coaches / Identificação e desenvolvimento de talentos no triatlo olímpico: uma perspectiva de treinadores brasileiros

Abstract The knowledge of coaches has been used in research on talent identification and development. The objective was to investigate how Brazilian triathlon coaches identify talents and what is the importance of different factors and indicators for the development of young triathletes. 37 coaches (89% male; 36.2 ± 8.3 years; 43% international competitive level) answered an online questionnaire about anthropometric, physical-motor, technical, tactical, psychological and environmental characteristics. On a scale of 1 (not very important) to 5 (extremely important), coaches indicated to what extent a factor/indicator of sporting potential was important for talent development in triathlon. 45.9% of the coaches perform talent identification, mainly by physical-motor tests and triathlon simulations. In talent development, the physical-motor factor was the most important, followed by the technical, psychological and anthropometric factor, and finally the tactical and environmental factor. Most coaches considered as extremely important the following indicators: determination (70%), aerobic endurance (65%), specific swimming skills (62%), ability to withstand pressure (59%), and efficiency of the cyclic gesture of swimming, cycling, and running (57%). We conclude that Brazilian triathlon coaches identify talents mainly through batteries of tests and triathlon simulations and consider the physical-motor factor the most important for the development of young talented triathletes, but not the only one.

Resumo O conhecimento dos treinadores tem sido utilizado na pesquisa sobre identificação e desenvolvimento de talentos. O objetivo foi investigar como os treinadores de triatlo brasileiros identificam os talentos e qual é a importância de diferentes fatores e indicadores para o desenvolvimento de jovens triatletas. 37 treinadores (89% homens; 36,2 ± 8,3 anos; 43% nível competitivo internacional) responderam um questionário online sobre características antropométricas, físico-motoras, técnicas, táticas, psicológicas e ambientais. Em uma escala de 1 (não muito importante) a 5 (extremamente importante), os treinadores indicaram em que medida um fator/indicador do potencial esportivo era importante para o desenvolvimento de talentos no triatlo. 45,9% dos treinadores realizam identificação de talentos, principalmente por testes físico-motores e simulados de triatlo. No desenvolvimento de talentos, o fator físico-motor foi o mais importante, seguido pelo fator técnico, psicológico e antropométrico, e por fim o fator tático e ambiental. A maioria dos treinadores considerou como extremamente importante os indicadores: determinação (70%), resistência aeróbica (65%), habilidades específicas de natação (62%), capacidade de suportar pressão (59%) e eficiência do gesto cíclico de nadar, pedalar e correr (57%). Conclui-se que os treinadores de triatlo brasileiros identificam talentos principalmente por meio de baterias de testes e simulados de triatlo e consideram o fator físico-motor o mais importante para o desenvolvimento de jovens triatletas talentosos, mas não o único.

"Coach's eye": psychological and tactical skills discriminate sporting potential of young soccer players / "O olho do treinador": indicadores psicológicos e táticos discriminam o potencial esportivo de jovens futebolistas

Abstract Coaches' subjective evaluations are predominantly responsible for talent identification and selection in soccer; therefore, systematizing the "coach's eye" can optimize this process. Our objective was to compare tactical skills, perceived competence, and sport achievement orientation of young soccer players classified as having high or low sporting potential, according to their coaches' opinion. 101 Brazilian U15 soccer players (14.6 ± 0.7 years; practice time: 7.6 ± 2.6 years) participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to assess their tactical knowledge (TACSIS - Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports), sport orientation (SOQ - Sport Orientation Questionnaire), and perceived competence. Compared with the low-potential soccer players (n = 57), the high-potential soccer players (n = 44) showed higher positioning and deciding skills (4.52 ± 0.73 vs. 4.18 ± 0.63; p = 0.02; d = 0.50), knowledge about others (4.25 ± 0.96 vs. 3.81 ± 0.83; p = 0.02; d = 0.49), and sum of tactical skills (4.43 ± 0.72 vs. 4.14 ± 0.65; p = 0.04; d = 0.46) In turn, high-potential athletes showed higher competitiveness (4.76 ± 0.27 vs. 4.55 ± 0.33; p = 0.01; d = 0.72) and greater perceived competence (7.79 ± 1.32 vs. 7.12 ± 1.13; p = 0.01; d = 0.54), respectively. We concluded that the U15 soccer players evaluated by their coaches as having high sporting potential presented better results in indicators of tactical skills, motivation, and perceived competence than their low-potential peers.

Resumo A identificação e seleção de talentos no futebol são feitas majoritariamente pela avaliação subjetiva dos treinadores. Sistematizar o "olho do treinador" pode otimizar este processo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as habilidades táticas, a competência percebida e a orientação motivacional de jovens futebolistas classificados como atletas de alto e baixo potencial esportivo, de acordo com a opinião dos treinadores. Participaram 101 futebolistas brasileiros sub15 (com média de 14,6±0,7 anos; e média de tempo de prática de 7,6±2,6 anos). Foram utilizados diferentes questionários para avaliar o conhecimento tático (TACSIS - Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports), a orientação esportiva (SOQ - Sport Orientation Questionnaire) e a competência percebida. Os futebolistas de alto potencial (n=44), quando comparados aos futebolistas de baixo potencial (n=57), apresentaram maior posicionamento e decisão (4,52±0,73 vs. 4,18±0,63; p=0,02; d=0,50), maior conhecimento sobre os outros (4,25±0,96 vs. 3,81±0,83; p=0,02; d=0,49) e um valor maior no somatório de habilidades táticas (4,43±0,72 vs. 4,14±0,65; p=0,04; d=0,46); os atletas de alto potencial apresentaram maior competitividade (4,76±0,27 vs. 4,55±0,33; p=0,01; d=0,72) e maior competência percebida (7,79±1,32 vs. 7,12±1,13; p=0,01; d=0,54), respectivamente. Conclui-se que os futebolistas sub15 avaliados pelos treinadores como alto potencial esportivo apresentaram resultados melhores em indicadores de habilidades táticas, motivação e competência percebida, quando comparados aos de baixo potencial.

Relative Age Effect in Brazilian water polo: analysis of male and female athletes from U16 to senior categories

Abstract Aim: To investigate the existence of relative age effect (RAE) in Brazilian water polo athletes according to sex and age category. Methods: The birthdate of 574 Brazilian water polo athletes were organized according to the athletes' birthdates into quarters of the year (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4), and classified according to sex (male and female) and age category (U16, U18, U20, and senior). To verify the existence of RAE, the Chi-Square tests (χ2) were performed, and the effect sizes (ω) were calculated for each of the tests. We also calculated odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals, setting the level of significance to 0.05. As post hoc analysis, multiple comparisons between quarters were performed, with Bonferroni's correction (significance level set to 0.0083 in these cases). Results: The results indicated an uneven distribution of birthdates for male water polo athletes (χ2 = 12.257; p = 0.007; ω = 0.173), with an overrepresentation of athletes born in the first (p < 0.006) and second (p < 0.002) quarters. When sex and age category were considered, male athletes presented uneven distributions in U20 (χ2 = 10.747; p = 0.013; ω = 0.345) and senior (χ2= 12.614; p = 0.006; ω = 0.383) categories. In females, no differences were found. Conclusion: We conclude that there is an uneven distribution of birthdates in male Brazilian water polo athletes, indicating the presence of RAE in this group.

Relative Age Effect on Brazilian male elite futsal athletes according to playing position and performance by goals scored on Brazil National Futsal Leagues

Abstract Introduction: The relative age effect is prevalent in different elite team sports. However, little is known about this phenomenon in high-level adult male futsal players. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of relative age effect in Brazilian male elite futsal players, and its relationship with playing position and goals scored on Brazil National Futsal Leagues (BNFL) from 2016 to 2020. Methods: The distribution of birth dates, playing positions, and goals scored by male participants of the Brazil National Futsal Leagues were analyzed. Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the birth dates distribution based on quarters and semesters of the year, according to playing position (defender, winger, pivot, and goalkeeper) and scoring performance (high and low). Results: The overall analysis indicated that the relative age effect is prevalent on the pool of athletes analyzed. However, this effect was position-dependent, since relatively older athletes were overrepresented only in wingers and defenders playing positions. On the other hand, scoring performance was not associated with the relative age effect, since this effect was found in both performance levels. Conclusion: Relative age effects are prevalent in Brazilian male elite futsal athletes, especially for defenders and wingers. Considering the high level of competitiveness for spots in elite futsal teams, coaches and sports administrators must be educated about the prevalence of the relative age effect in this sporting context. This is necessary in order to reduce the inequalities generated by age categories based on arbitrary cut-off dates, which may reduce potential talent loss.

Composición corporal, somatotipo, rendimiento en salto vertical y consumo máximo de oxígeno en futbolistas profesionales y universitarios / Body composition, somatotype, vertical jump performance and maximal oxygen consumption in professional and university soccer players

RESUMEN. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la composición corporal, somatotipo, rendimiento en el salto vertical y consumo máximo de oxígeno en futbolistas profesionales y universitarios de Chillán. Metodología:El presente estudio es de tipo transversal, descriptivo y comparativo, con una muestra no probabilística y por conveniencia. Se evaluarona 52 futbolistas varones; 18 corresponden a jugadores profesionales y 34 universitarios. El perfil antropométrico (índice de masa corporal, composición corporal y somatotipo) se obtuvo a través delos protocolos de la Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Kinantropometría (ISAK), el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) por medio del Yo-Yo test IR1 y capacidad de salto a través del protocolo de Bosco, utilizando una plataforma de contacto Axon Jump.El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS v.21;para comparar a ambos grupos se utilizó el estadístico T-Student para muestras independientes (p<0,05). Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los futbolistas profesionales reportanun mayor porcentaje de masa muscular (p<0,001) y un menor porcentaje de masa grasa (p<0,001) en comparación a los universitarios. Los análisis de somatotipo indican que los jugadores profesionales se clasifican como meso-ectomórfico en comparación a los jugadores universitarios, quienes se clasificaron como meso-endomórfico. Finalmente, en cuanto a los resultados en las pruebas físicas los profesionales obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la capacidad de salto (p<0,001) y en el VO2máx (p<0,001).Conclusión: Los futbolistas profesionales tienen características corporales, somatotípicas y físicas que les permiten sobresalir con respecto a los futbolistas universitarios. Estos datos servirán a los entrenadores universitarios para disponer de los parámetros respecto de características y condiciones a trabajar para acercarse al alto rendimiento.

ABSTRACT. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and compare the body composition, somatotype, vertical jump performance and maximum oxygen consumption in professional and university soccer players from Chillán. Methodology: The present study is cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative, with a non-probabilistic sample and for convenience. 52 male soccer players were evaluated; 18 correspond to professional players and 34 university players. The anthropometric profile (body mass index, body composition and somatotype) was obtained through the International Society for the Advancement of Kinantropometry (ISAK) protocols, the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) by means of the Yo-Yo test IR1 and ability to jump through the Bosco protocol using an Axon Jump contact platform. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical program SPSS v.21, to compare both groups the T-Student statistic was used for independent samples (p <0.05).Results: The results show that professional soccer players report a higher percentage of muscle mass (p <0.001) and a lower percentage of fatmass (p <0.001) compared to university players. Somatotype analyzes indicate that professional gamers are classified as meso-ectomorphic compared to college players, who are classified as meso-endomorphic. Finally, regarding the results in the physical tests, the professionals obtained significant differences in jumping ability (p <0.001) and in VO2 max (p <0.001).Conclusion: Professional soccer players have bodily, somatotypic and physical characteristics that allow them to stand out comparated to university soccer players. These data will serve university coaches to have the parameters regarding characteristics and conditions to work to approach high performance.

Relative age effects in elite Brazilian track and field athletes are modulated by sex, age category, and event type

Abstract Aim: This study investigated the Relative Age Effect (RAE) in Brazilian track and field athletes based on sex, age category (U-16, U-18, U-20, U-23 and senior), and event type (sprints/hurdles, middle distance, long-distance, jumps, throws). Methods: Data from 2.259 male and 1.776 female elite track and field athletes, ranked top-50 in events held by the Brazilian Track and Field Confederation in 2019 were analyzed. To determine RAE athletes were divided into four quarters based on their months of birth, considering January 1st the cut-off date. The influence of sex, age category, and event types in the pervasion of RAE in Brazilian track and field athletes was assessed through Chi-squared tests. Results: Athletes born closer to the cut-off date were more frequent than athletes born further from this date were in male youth categories. This effect reduced as categories increased, even reversing in the senior category. Finally, RAE was more frequent in events in which athletic performance relies more on strength, speed, and power, which is the case of sprints/hurdles, jumps, and throws. Conclusion: RAE is particularly prevalent in young male Brazilian track and field athletes, which indicates that many potentially talented athletes are overlooked in youth tryouts because they were born months away from the cut-off date. Policies that reduce the disadvantages faced by relatively younger athletes are warranted in order to avoid the loss of potential sports talents.

Deportes de combate, hacia un modelo de finalidad táctica de selección de talentos / Desportos de combate rumo a um modelo de seleção táctica de talentos / Combat sports, towards a tactical purpose model of talent selection

Resumen Desde hace más de medio siglo, los países que dominan el medallero olímpico han dirigido sus esfuerzos no solo a la optimización de la preparación atlética, sino a encontrar ese sujeto sobrehumano que pueda soportar y asimilar los rigores del entrenamiento deportivo para una competición cada vez más exigente. En este sentido, los modelos científicos de selección de atletas, potencialmente talentosos, toman la delantera pues ofrecen, a través de pruebas predictivas del rendimiento, una visión más exacta de cómo podría corresponderse un atleta con una actividad deportiva en particular. El objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar un modelo de finalidad táctica que contribuya a seleccionar atletas potencialmente talentosos para desempeñarse en los deportes de combate. Con este propósito, se elaboró una herramienta que facilita el proceso metodológico para la elaboración del modelo de selección en correspondencia con las exigencias de la competición. Se utilizaron fundamentalmente los métodos empíricos como revisión de documentos, encuesta, criterios de especialistas y usuarios, tomando en cuenta que, en el deporte, y especialmente en los deportes de combate por su finalidad táctica, el camino al éxito es un proceso multifactorial.

Resumo Durante mais de meio século, os países que dominam a medalha olímpica orientaram os seus esforços não só para a optimização da preparação atlética, mas também para encontrar aquele sujeito sobre-humano que possa resistir e assimilar os rigores do treino desportivo para uma competição cada vez mais exigente. Neste sentido, os modelos científicos de seleção de atletas potencialmente talentosos assumem a liderança, uma vez que oferecem, através de testes de desempenho preditivos, uma visão mais precisa de como um atleta pode corresponder a uma determinada atividade desportiva. O objectivo desta investigação é conceber um modelo de orientação táctica que ajude a selecionar atletas potencialmente talentosos para se realizarem em desportos de combate. Para este fim, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta para facilitar o processo metodológico de desenvolvimento do modelo de seleção de acordo com os requisitos do concurso. Métodos empíricos como a revisão de documentos, inquérito, critérios de especialista e de utilizador foram utilizados principalmente, tendo em conta que no desporto, e especialmente nos desportos de combate devido à sua finalidade táctica, o caminho para o sucesso é um processo multifatorial.

Abstract For more than half a century, the countries that dominate the Olympic medal standings have focused their efforts not only on optimizing athletic training but also on finding that superhuman subject that can endure and assimilate the rigors of sports training for an increasingly demanding competition. In this sense, the scientific models for the selection of potentially talented athletes take the lead, offering, through predictive performance tests, a more accurate vision of how an athlete could correspond to a particular sport activity. The objective of the present investigation is to design a tactical purpose model that contributes to selecting potentially talented athletes to perform in combat sports. For this purpose, we developed a tool that facilitates the methodological process for preparing the selection model in correspondence with the demands of the competition. Empirical methods such as document review, survey, criteria of specialists and users were mainly used, taking into account that in sport and especially combat sports due to its tactical purpose, the path to success is an integrated process.

Ratio de los dedos y su relación con las capacidades motrices en los judocas camagüeyanos / Fingers ratio and its relation with the motor capacities in the judocas of Camagüey

RESUMEN El componente genético tiene efecto en el resultado deportivo, no obstante, al momento de realizarse la selección del talento este se hace sobre la base del resultado de pruebas en las que se miden la manifestación global del fenotipo del sujeto, sin entrar a discriminar la influencia que tiene cada uno de los elementos que en ella intervienen, tal es el caso del Judo camagüeyano. Es por ello que, se persigue como objetivo determinar el perfil del ratio de los dedos de estos atletas y su relación con las capacidades motrices, de forma que se constate su potencial utilidad en la detección de posibles talentos deportivos. Se desarrolló una investigación transversal en la que se emplean los métodos teóricos que constituyen los procesos lógicos del pensamiento y empíricos fundamentalmente la medición, la estadística descriptiva mediante la medida de tendencia central media: media, desviación típica, máximo y mínimo; así como la estadística inferencial determinando si existe correlación entre el ratio y las capacidades, aplicándose para ello el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Concluyendo que en el sexo masculino el ratio en ambas manos es inferior a uno, mientras que en el femenino una mano es inferior y la otra igual a uno, no encontrándose relación entre la edad y la longitud de los dedos.

ABSTRACT The genetic component has effect in the sport result, however, at the moment of carrying out the talent selection it is done under the base of the tests result in which are measured the global performance of the person´s global phenotype, without entering to discriminate the influence that has each of the elements that interfere in them, that´s the case of the Camagüey's judo. That´s why that the objective of this work is to determine the ratio of the fingers profile in their athletes and its relationship with the motor capacities in such way that is contacted its possible usage in the detection of possible sport talents. It was developed a transversal investigation in which are used the theorical methods that constitute the logical process of thoughts and the empirical methods, such as the descriptive statistic by means of the central media tendency: media, typical deviation, maximal and minimal; such as the inferential statistic determine if it exists the correlation between the ratio and the capacities, since it is applied the coefficient of correlation of Pearson. Concluding that in the masculine sex the ratio in both hands is inferior to one, while in the feminine one hand in inferior and the other equal is one, it was not found relation between the age and the fingers length.

Proposta de classificação multidimensional do desempenho de jovens futebolistas / Proposal of multidimensional performance rating of young soccer players

O talento esportivo no futebol é determinado pela inter-relação de qualidades como a eficácia no desempenho de capacidades funcionais, a manutenção de um amplo repertório motor específico, a inteligência na tomada de decisão, o controle emocional sob a pressão imposta, entre outras. O objetivo do presente estudo foi propor um modelo de classificação multidimensional constituído por testes e instrumentos amplamente utilizados na área, que são de fácil aplicação e interpretação e permitem a quantificação do rendimento global de futebolistas em formação, abrangendo indicadores em quatro dimensões. Foram empregados testes específicos que avaliaram o desempenho técnico, tático, físico e psicológico dos jogadores. Para classificação destes, foram verificados os valores mínimos (pior desempenho), máximos (melhor desempenho) e a diferença entre estes em cada variável avaliada dentro das dimensões. O escore individual (EI) foi apresentado em uma escala de 0 a 100 pontos, que equivale a variação percentual do pior e melhor desempenho dentro do grupo. Por meio deste foram determinados também o escore dimensão (ED) e o escore global (EG). A proposta apresentada neste estudo mostrou-se eficaz para quantificar o rendimento esportivo individual nas variáveis avaliadas, bem como classificar o desempenho global com base no grupo em que o jogador está inserido, considerando seu conhecimento tático, desempenho físico, habilidades técnicas e perfil psicológico como indicadores. As informações disponibilizadas pelo instrumento são de grande relevância para o acompanhamento e intervenção no futebol, podendo também ser transferidas para outras modalidades esportivas...(AU)

Sports talent in soccer is determined by the combination of qualities as the effectiveness in performance of functional abilities, the maintenance of a broad specific motor repertoire, the intelligence in decision-making, the emotional control under pressure imposed, among others. The objective of the present study was to propose a multidimensional classification model consisting of tests and instruments widely used in the area, which are easy to apply and interpret and allow the quantification of the overall performance of soccer players in training, covering indicators in four dimensions. Specific tests were used to evaluate the players' technical, tactical, physical and psychological performance. In the classification of these, the minimum values (worst performance), maximum values (best performance) and the difference between them in each variable evaluated within the dimensions were verified. The individual score (EI) was presented on a scale of 0 to 100 points, which is the percentage variation of the worst and best performance within the group. Through this, the dimension score (ED) and the overall score (EG) were also determined. The proposal presented in this study was effective in quantifying the individual sport performance in evaluated variables, as well as classifying the overall performance based on the group in which the player is inserted, considering his tactical knowledge, physical performance, technical skills and psychological profile as indicators. The information provided by the instrument is relevant for monitoring and intervention in soccer, and can also be transferred to other sports...(AU)

Relative age effect, skeletal maturation and aerobic running performance in youth soccer players

To investigate the presence of a relative age effect (RAE) and the influence of birth quarters (BQ), semesters (S) as well as skeletal maturation on anthropometric characteristics and aerobic peak speed (PST-CAR) in youth male soccer players. Methods: One hundred players were recruited to participate in this study. Players were allocated into 4 BQ's and 2 S. Skeletal maturity status was assessed using the Fels method. Assessments for players included determination of body size and composition and PST-CAR. Results: Overall, more players were born in BQ1 (38 %) and S1 (75%). The likelihood of players born in BQ1 and BQ2 being selected was 3.61 to 4.96 times higher than players in BQ3 and BQ4. Players in BQ4 maturing earlier were biologically older than their peers in BQ1. The players in BQ3 and S2 displayed higher PST-CAR compared with players in BQ2 and S1, respectively. However, players of contrasting skeletal maturity status did not differ in aerobic performance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that coaches and talent scouts are systematically retaining average and early maturing players born in S1 and excluding late maturing players born in BQ4. However, aerobic performance appeared to be dependent on the relative age, but independent of skeletal maturation during puberty.(AU)

Detecção e seleção de talentos na ginástica artística feminina: a perspectiva dos técnicos brasileiros / Talent detection and selection in women's artistic gymnastics: the Brazilian coaches' perspective / Detección y selección de talentos en gimnasia artística femenina: la perspectiva de los entrenadores de Brasil

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a detecção e a seleção de talentos na Ginástica Artística Feminina com enfoque para os aspectos que norteiam as condutas dos técnicos brasileiros. Entrevistamos 34 técnicos de 29 instituições distribuídas no Brasil. Observamos que os meios utilizados para detectar e selecionar os talentos na modalidade privilegiam a idade de ingresso, as características antropométricas e os testes físico-motores. Porém, sabemos que os determinantes do sucesso no esporte são multifatoriais e, por vezes, as avaliações transversais utilizadas não contemplam todos os fatores que contribuem para a obtenção de bons resultados no alto rendimento.

La investigación aspiró a presentar y discutir la detección y selección de talentos en Gimnasia Artística femenina centrándose en los aspectos que guían la conducta de los entrenadores brasileños. Hemos entrevistado a 34 entrenadores de 29 instituciones distribuidas en Brasil. Los resultados indican que los medios utilizados para detectar y seleccionar talentos priorizan la edad de ingreso, evaluaciones antropométricas y pruebas físico-motoras. Pero sabemos que los determinantes del éxito en el deporte son multifactoriales y, a veces, las evaluaciones transversales utilizadas no contemplan todos los factores que contribuyen a los buenos resultados en el alto rendimiento.

The aim of this article is to present and discuss the talent detection and selection in Women's Artistic Gymnastics considering the aspects that guide these procedures in Brazil. We conducted a field based study and we interviewed 34 coaches from 29 institutions. We find out that the methods used to detect and select talents in Women's Artistic Gymnastics prioritize the initiation age of practice, the anthropometrics characteristics and the physical-motor tests. However, it is known that the determinant factors for success in sports are multifactorial and sometimes the transversal tests used in the assessment can't cover all aspects that have impact on the successful career at sport high level.