Plant growth-promoting properties of free-living diazotrophic rhizobacteria from Tangerine (Citrus reticulate L.) var Batu 55

Aims@#Microbial cultures with multi-biological activities in increasing plant growth were developed to be an alternative way to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer and to support plants productivity. The aims of this study were to characterize the potency of Tangerine var. Batu 55 diazotroph rhizobacteria as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) agents and to identify diazotroph rhizobacteria with multi-biological activities especially the activity of nitrogen fixation, ammonia (NH3) production, phosphate solubilizing, and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production.@*Methodology and results@#A total of 21 nitrogen-fixing bacteria (diazotroph) were isolated from Tangerine rhizosphere soil. Screening of PGPR isolates candidates were performed by in vitro assays consist of phytohormone Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production, ammonia production, and phosphate-solubilizing assay. Candidates of PGPR isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA sequences. The result revealed that three isolates (Dbs 1, Dbs 2, and Dbm 3) had multibiological activities. Isolates of Dbs 1, Dbs 2, and Dbm 3 capable producing ammonia up to 10 μg/mL; 9.1 μg/mL; and 3.8 μg/mL, activity of IAA production were 30.08 μg/mL; 24.68 μg/mL; and 190.77 μg/mL, activity of phosphate solubilizing were 11.3 μg/mL; 8.6 μg/mL; and 2.2 μg/mL, respectively. Based on 16S rDNA, Dbs 1, Dbs 2, and Dbm 3 were identified as Acinetobacter schindleri, Pseudomonas syncyanea, and P. moraviensis, respectively. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report P. syncyanea was exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Candidates of PGPR isolates could be alternative PGPR agents, but still need to evaluate the effect of three PGPR isolates application on citrus plant growth.

Two-micrometer thulium laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with previously negative transrectal prostate biopsy / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The 2-μm thulium laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT) has been introduced as a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study was undertaken to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of TmLRP-TT for the treatment of BPH patients with previously negative transrectal prostate biopsy. A prospective analysis of 51 patients with previously negative transrectal prostate biopsy who underwent surgical treatment using TmLRP-TT was performed from December 2011 to December 2013. Preoperative status, surgical details, and perioperative complications were recorded. The follow-up outcome was evaluated with subjective and objective tests at 1 and 6 months. TmLRP-TT was successfully completed in all patients. Mean prostate volume, operative duration, and catheterization time were 93.3 ± 37.9 ml, 69.5 ± 39.5 min, and 6.5 ± 1.3 days, respectively. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life score, maximum urinary flow rate, and post-void residual urine volume changed notably at 6-month follow-up (22.5 ± 6.9 vs 6.1 ± 3.2, 4.8 ± 1.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.9, 7.3 ± 4.5 vs 18.9 ± 7.1 ml s-1 , and 148.7 ± 168.7 vs 28.4 ± 17.9 ml). Two (3.9%) patients required blood transfusion perioperatively, while 3 (5.9%) patients experienced transient hematuria postoperatively, and 2 (3.9%) patients received 3 days recatheterization due to clot retention. TmLRP-TT is a safe and effective minimally invasive technique for patients with previously negative transrectal prostate biopsy during the 6-month follow-up. This promising technology may be a feasible surgical method for previously negative transrectal prostate biopsy in the future.

Traditional Chinese medicine Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae from Guangdong and Xinhui textual criticism / 中国中药杂志

Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and has been used for a long history. The authentic drug name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was rare in the Song Dynasty literature, but from the textual research of the authors, it was otherwise nicknamed as "real orange peel" or "real tangerine peel". These two names were ahead of the origin of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Some scholars believe that the name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was from the Ming Dynasty Dr. Lishizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has always had the bulk sales of Guangdong medicines and has been sold at home and abroad, with popularity among the doctors and the masses. In 2016, it was selected as one of 8 Lingnan herbal medicines in the first legislative protection medicines in Guangdong province. Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the top grade of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, and these two can often refer to each other. Especially in Qing Dynasty, Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae often referred to Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Therefore, they have a common development grain, but Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has a unique history of genuine regional drug. In October 2006, the National Quality Inspection Administration formally approved and announced that Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae as one of national geographical indication products.

The resection of prostate-tangerine technique with 980 nm diode laser in 60 patients of high volum benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of the resection of prostate-tangerine techniquewith 980 nm diode laser benign prostatic chyperplasia(BPH).Methods Data of 60 patients with highvloum BPH treated with the resection of prostate-tangerine technique with 980 nm diode laser were reviewed.The age of the patients were 65-89 years old,and mean prostate volume was 74.5± 13 ml.The mean operative time,blood loss were oberseved and recored,the international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life score (QOL),maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax) and residual urine volume (PVR) were collected and analyzed.Results The 60 cases were safe during the perioperative period.The average operation time was (70.2± 16.9) min,and there was no obvious bleeding during the operation and no blood transfusion cases.The time of remove the transurethral catheter was 2-5 d,and the mean time was (2.4±0.3) d.Follow up 1-3 months after operation,a significant reduction in IPPS was reported (P =0.000),significant durable improvements in Qmax,PVR before operation(P=0.000).Conclusion Transurethral vaporization of 980 nm diode laser could be a safe and effective treatment modality for BPH.

Positive relationship between citrus leaf miner and alternaria brown spot / Correlação positiva entre lagarta-minadora-dos-citros e mancha marrom de alternária

Alternaria brown spot, or ABS (Alternaria alternata), is the most prevalent fungal disease of tangerines in the world. Field observations have revealed ABS lesions on leaves wounded by the citrus leaf miner (CLM). Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between CLM and ABS. Leaves from young Murcott tangor plants and detached leaves from 16 different varieties of tangerines with and without lesions caused by CLM were inoculated with A. alternata. The symptoms of the plants were subsequently quantified by counting the number of lesions, and the lesion area was estimated using a diagrammatic scale. The presence of CLM damage aggravates the severity of Alternaria alternata fungus infections in susceptible tangerine varieties.

A mancha marrom de altenária, ou MMA (Alternaria alternata), é a doença fúngica mais importante das tangerinas no mundo. Observações de campo revelaram a ocorrência de lesões de MMA em folhas feridas pela lagarta-minador-dos-citros (LMC). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a LMC e MMA. Folhas jovens de plantas de tangor Murcott e folhas destacadas de 16 diferentes variedades de tangerinas com e sem lesões, causadas por CLM, foram inoculadas com A. alternata. Os sintomas da MMA foram subsequentemente quantificados através da contagem do número de lesões, e a área da lesão foi estimada utilizando uma escala diagramática. A presença de danos da LMC agrava a severidade de Alternaria alternata nas variedades de tangerina suscetíveis.

Effect of paired using tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber on the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate paired using tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber to regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)and protein kinase B (p-Akt)signal pathways in rabbits in order to treat carotid atherosclerosis. Methods According to a random number table,20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups:a control,a model,a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber,and a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor)group (n=5 in each group). The rabbits in the control group were fed with basal diet,while those in other groups were given high-cholesterol diet and air drying of carotid artery intima were performed. After procedure,the rabbits in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber +LY294002 group were treated with the decoction of traditional Chinese medicine. Carotid atherosclerosis was observed via HE staining;the effect of tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber on the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis was observed by western blot. Results (1)the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in carotid in the model group were 107. 0 ± 2. 6 and 113. 0 ± 1. 7,and those in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group were 174. 7 ± 14. 5 and 186. 3 ± 18. 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). After using PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor LY294002,the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt (117. 0 ± 4. 0,127. 3 ± 4. 7)were lower than the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). (2)The tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group had mild intimal hyperplasia and foam cell formation under the artery intima,however,they were better than those of the model group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 group. Conclusion Tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber may play a role in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis by upregulating the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in vascular endothelial cells.

Effect of fungicides, heat therapy, polyethylene packaging, temperature and storage period on qualitative characteristics of jiroft tangerine.

In this research, the effect of heat therapy (3 days at 36°C), non-phenyl fungicide (immersion in 4% biphenyl solution for 2 minute), polyethylene coating, and combination of these treatments on the quality and storage life of Kino Tangerines cultivated in Jiroft was studies. The specimens were stored in two media (plain storage and fridge) for 3 months. The total amount of the soluble solid substances in juice (TSS), TA, and TSS/TA ratio, tissue firmness and flesh color in all treatments were measured 60 and 90 days after removing the fruits from fridge and plain storage. Results suggest that in the plain storage, the best treatment after 60 days is the use of fungicide and polyethylene coating. The highest TSS/TA ratio is related to the polyethylene coating stored in fridge for 90 days. The highest color quality is related to heat therapy along with the polyethylene coating stored in fridge for 60 days. Cold storage has been more effective in flesh firmness than in its plain counterpart, and the 60-day period has been more influential than 90-day period with heat therapy and polyethylene coating than other treatments. Therefore, considering the above mentioned results for plain storage, use of fungicide along with polyethylene coating, and for cold storage, heat therapy along with polyethylene coating can be recommended for storing Kino tangerine.

Effect of Tangerine Peel and Pinellia Ternata on Expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in Carotid Atherosclerosis Rabbits / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To research the influence of tangerine peel and pinellia ternata on the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, and explore its mechanism. Methods Totally 25 male rabbits were divided into control group, model group and Chinese medicine group. Control group was treated with basic diet, model group and Chinese medicine group were treated with both high-fat diet and carotid artery intima-air drying technique. Chinese medicine decoction group was treated with tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction, as 10, 8, 6 mL/kg, for 4 weeks. Then the right carotid was cut and fixed, and pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expressions of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 were observed by immunol histochemistry SABC method. Results Compared with control group, the expression of VCAM-1 and MMP-9 in model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). And compared with model group, tangerine peel and pinellia ternata decoction significantly restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Tangerine peel and pinellia ternata could restrained VCAM-1 and MMP-9 expression in carotid atherosclerosis rabbits, suggesting that its mechanism may be related with inhibiting vascular inflammatory reaction and stabilizing plaques.

The Influence of the Residential Environment on the Sensitization Rates to Aeroallergens and the Prevalence of Allergic Disorders in the School Children in Jeju / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the influence of the residential environment on the sensitization rates to aeroallergens and the prevalences of atopic disorders in the school children. METHODS: Two elementary schools in Jeju, Korea were selected according to their distinctive residential environment, one located in the area surrounded by the tangerine farms and Japanese cedar forests (tangerine farming community) and the other rarely with them (non-tangerine farming community). All the school children (1,550 students) from the two school were enrolled in this study. Under their parents' informed consent, surveys based on International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire were answered by the parents and skin prick tests with 16 common aeroallergens were performed. RESULTS: The questionnaire is responded from 1,290 parents (83.2%) and the skin test was done in 1,284 students (82.8%). The sensitization rates to more than one aeroallergen was 41.9%, increasing by age. The children residing in the tangerine farming community showed significantly higher sensitization rates than those from non-farming one (47.5% vs. 38.4%, P=0.004). The former were sensitized more frequently to house dust mite, citrus red mite and Japanese cedar pollen, while the others to outdoor moulds. However, the prevalence of atopic disorders had no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The residential environment might influence the sensitization rates to prevalent aeroallergens in the environment among school children, but there is no difference in the prevalence of the atopic disorders.

Comparison of methodologies for conidia production by Alternaria alternata from citrus / Comparação de metodologias para produção de conídios por Alternaria alternata do citros

Conidia production is a problem in the study of Alternaria alternata from citrus. Thus, this study aimed to compare existing methodologies for conidial production of A. alternata isolated from Ponkan tangerine (2 isolates), Cravo lemon (1 isolate), Pêra orange (2 isolates) and Murcott tangor (1 isolate). The methodologies used were conidia production with 12 and 24 hours under white fluorescent light, evaluation with 24 and 48 hours after applying fungal mycelium stress technique, cold stress followed by injury of mycelium and evaluation with 24 hours, using healthy vegetable tissue and the use of black fluorescent near ultraviolet (NUV) lamp. Satisfactory result was obtained with A. alternata isolate from Murcott tangor, with the production of 2.8 x 10(5) conidia mL-1, when fungal mycelium was stressed (Petri dish with 66.66 percent of fungi growth) and subsequently 24 h of growth. The use of white light (24 h) and black fluorescent NUV lamp also induced expressive conidia production by one isolate of Ponkan tangerine, which produced 17.2 x 10(5) and 10.1 x 10(5) conidia mL-1 and another of Murcott tangor, which produced 13.9 x 10(5) and 10.1 x 10(5) conidia mL-1, respectively. The remaining methodologies analyzed in this study were not able to induce conidia production in satisfactory quantity. The use of both mycelium stress technique and white light (24 h) and black fluorescent NUV lamp allowed the production of enough quantities of conidia to be used in vitro (detection of fungitoxic substances)and in vivo (pathogenicity test)assays, respectively.

A produção de conídios consiste em problema no estudo de Alternaria alternata do citros. Assim, este estudo objetivou comparar metodologias existentes para a produção de conídios de A. alternata por dois isolados de tangerina Ponkan, um de limão Cravo, dois de laranja Pêra e um de tangor Murcott. As metodologias empregadas foram a produção de conídios com 12 e 24 horas sob luz branca, avaliação com 24 e 48 horas após estressamento do micélio do fungo, choque térmico com imediato estressamento do micélio e avaliação com 24 horas, produção de conídios pelo emprego de tecido vegetal sadio e o emprego de luz negra ultravioleta. Produção satisfatória de conídios foi obtida com o isolado de A. alternata de tangor Murcott, a qual foi de 2,8 x 10(5) conídios mL-1, mediante emprego da técnica de estressamento da colônia e cultivo do fungo por 24 horas. Os empregos de luz branca (24 h) e negra ultravioleta promoveram expressiva produção de conídios por um isolado de tangerina Ponkan, a qual foi de 17,2 x 10(5) e 10,1 x 10(5) conidios mL-1 e por outro de tangor Murcott, a qual foi de 13,9 x 10(5) e 10,1 x 10(5) conídios mL-1, respectivamente. As outras metodologias analisadas neste estudo não foram capazes de induzir a produção de conídios em quantidade satisfatória. Com o emprego das técnicas de estressamento do micélio e a utilização de luz branca (24 h) e negra ultravioleta, tornou-se possível obter quantidades de conídios suficientes para serem utilizadas em testes in vitro (detecção de substâncias fungitóxicas)e in vivo (testes de patogenicidade), respectivamente.

Diversidade de moscas-das-frutas em pomares de citros no município de Araruama, RJ / Diversity of fruit flies in citrus groves in the municipality of Araruama, RJ

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as espécies de Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) de ocorrência em pomares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) e tangerina (Citrus reticulata Blanco), no município de Araruama, RJ, durante o período de dezembro de 2002 a novembro de 2003. Os espécimes foram coletados em armadilhas McPhail contendo solução aquosa de proteína hidrolisada a 5 por cento e em amostras de frutos de seis variedades de citros. Nas armadilhas, o total de 2.543 adultos de Tephritoidea (1.430 fêmeas e 1.023 machos) foi capturado, sendo dez espécies de Tephritidae, quatro espécies e dois morfotipos de Lonchaeidae. Dos Tephritidae e capturados nas McPhail, quatro espécies (Anastrepha fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. sororcula e Ceratitis capitata) infestaram frutos cítricos, enquanto que, dos Lonchaeidae, somente os morfotipos não infestaram as amostras de citros. Os resultados demonstram que a densidade populacional das moscas-das-frutas pode ser superestimada, quando baseada no número de moscas por armadilha, devido à captura de espécies que não infestam os frutos de interesse comercial.

This study was aimed at determining the species of Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) that occur on groves of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck ) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in the municipality of Araruama, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from December, 2002 to November, 2003. The specimens were collected by McPhail traps with aqueous solution of hydrolyzed protein to 5 percent and in fruits samples of six varieties of citrus. In the traps the total of 2,543 adults of Tephritoidea (1,430 females and 1,023 males) was captured, being ten species of Tephritidae, four species and two morphotypes of Lonchaeidae. From the Tephritidae caught by the McPhail, four species (Anastrepha fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. sororcula and Ceratitis capitata) infested citric fruits while the Lonchaeidae, the morphotypes did not infest the citrus. The results showed that the population density of fruit flies may be overestimated when based on the number of flies per trap due to the capture of species that not infest the fruits of commercial interest.

Research on Extraction and Purification Technology of Flavonoids in Dried Tangerine Peel / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To set up a method for extracting and purifying of flavonoids in Dried Tangerine peel.Methods Total flavonids being used as an index, UV spectrophotometer was used to optimize the extracting technology with the help of orthogonal experiment. Meanwhile macroporous resin was adopted for optimizing indexes of total flavonoids.Results The optimum conditions for purification were as followings: AB-8 macroporous resin, 50% of ethanol serving as eluting solvent, 0.4g/mL of sample concentration, 1:5 ration of diameter to height, 2BV/h of current velocity, and 5BV of flow column. Conclusion The content of total flavonoids was remarkably increased after purification.

Citrus plastid-related gene profiling based on expressed sequence tag analyses

Plastid-related sequences, derived from putative nuclear or plastome genes, were searched in a large collection of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genomic sequences from the Citrus Biotechnology initiative in Brazil. The identified putative Citrus chloroplast gene sequences were compared to those from Arabidopsis, Eucalyptus and Pinus. Differential expression profiling for plastid-directed nuclear-encoded proteins and photosynthesis-related gene expression variation between Citrus sinensis and Citrus reticulata, when inoculated or not with Xylella fastidiosa, were also analyzed. Presumed Citrus plastome regions were more similar to Eucalyptus. Some putative genes appeared to be preferentially expressed in vegetative tissues (leaves and bark) or in reproductive organs (flowers and fruits). Genes preferentially expressed in fruit and flower may be associated with hypothetical physiological functions. Expression pattern clustering analysis suggested that photosynthesis- and carbon fixation-related genes appeared to be up- or down-regulated in a resistant or susceptible Citrus species after Xylella inoculation in comparison to non-infected controls, generating novel information which may be helpful to develop novel genetic manipulation strategies to control Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC).

Biodiversity of frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) captured in citrus groves, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Biodiversidade das moscas frugívoras (Diptera: Tephritoidea) capturadas em pomares de citros, Mato Grosso do Sul

This paper presents a faunistic analysis of the frugivorous species of Tephritoidea (Diptera) captured in three citrus groves in the municipalities of Anastácio (Chácara Laranjal, 20º 31' 36'' S, 55º 50' 12'' W, 170 m) and Terenos (Chácara Suzuki, 20º 26' 12" S, 55º 04' 54'' W, 308m), MS, Brazil, during a 25 month period. McPhail traps with 5 percent hydrolyzed corn protein were hung in Citrus sinensis (L.) and C. reticulata (L.) trees, spaced 30 m apart. The Tephritidae species caught were: Anastrepha alveatoides Blanchard, A. bezzii Lima, A. castanea Norrbom, A. daciformis Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. grandis (Macquart), A. haywardi Blanchard, A. leptozona Hendel, A. macrura Hendel, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pickeli Lima, A. punctata Hendel, A. rheediae Stone, A. serpentina (Wied.), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. striata Schiner, A. turpiniae Stone, A. undosa Stone, A. zenildae Zucchi, three undescribed species - Anastrepha sp.1, Anastrepha sp.2; Anastrepha sp.3 and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). The frugivorous Lonchaeidae caught were: Dasiops sp.; D. inedulis Steyskal, Lonchaea sp. and Neosilba spp. The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, C. capitata, was the most abundant and frequent, being the dominant species in the groves of both municipalities. In the Citrus grove in Anastácio the most abundant species were: Anastrepha daciformis, A. obliqua, A. pickeli, A. punctata, A. sororcula and A. fraterculus. In the Citrus groves in Terenos, A. dissimilis, A. punctata, A. sororcula, A. daciformis, A. striata and A. pickeli were the most abundant species.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise faunística das espécies frugívoras de Tephritoidea (Diptera), capturadas em três pomares de citros dos municípios de Anastácio e Terenos-MS, durante 25 meses. Armadilhas plásticas McPhail com proteína hidrolisada de milho a 5 por cento foram penduradas em plantas de Citrus sinensis (L.) e C. reticulata (L.) a 1,70 m do nível do solo e espaçadas a 30 m. As espécies de Tephritidae capturadas foram: Anastrepha alveatoides Blanchard, A. bezzii Lima, A. castanea Norrbom, A. daciformis Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. grandis (Macquart), A. haywardi Blanchard, A. leptozona Hendel, A. macrura Hendel, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pickeli Lima, A. punctata Hendel, A. rheediae Stone, A. serpentina (Wied.), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. striata Schiner, A. turpiniae Stone, A. undosa Stone, A. zenildae Zucchi; três espécies não-descritas - Anastrepha sp.1, Anastrepha sp.2, Anastrepha sp.3 e Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). Os Lonchaeidae capturados foram: Dasiops sp.; D. inedulis Steyskal, Lonchaea sp. e Neosilba spp. A mosca-do-mediterrâneo, C. capitata foi a espécie mais abundante e freqüente, sendo dominante nos pomares de ambos os municípios. No pomar do município de Anastácio, as espécies mais abundantes foram: Anastrepha daciformis, A. obliqua, A. pickeli, A. punctata, A. sororcula e A. fraterculus. Nos pomares de Terenos, A. dissimilis, A. punctata, A. sororcula, A. daciformis, A. striata e A. pickeli foram as espécies mais abundantes.

Actions of Immature Orange Fruit and Dried Tangerine Peel on the Tension of Isolated Aortic Muscle Strips / 中成药

Objective: To study the effects of immature orange fruit(IOF) and dried tangerine peel(DTP) on the resting tension of isolated aortic muscle strips in rabbits and their mechanisms. Methods: The organ-bath was used to observe the response of aortic strip to IOF and DTP. Results: IOF and DTP dose-dependently increased the tension of aortic strip, and the action of IOF was more significant than that of the same concentration DTP. 10 -7 mol/L phentolamine, 10 -5 mol/L verapamil or incubation with Ca 2+ -free Krebs solution could block the effects of IOF and DTP partly, but 10 -6 mol/L diphenhydramine could not. In endothelium-removed aortic strips, the effects of IOF and DTP decreased after treatment with 10 -7 mol/L atropine. Conclusions: IOF and DTP can contract vascular smooth muscle, which probably contribute to ? adrenergic receptor, cholinergic M receptor on membrane of vascular smooth muscle partly, and is dependent Ca 2+ influx through verapamil-sensitive Ca 2+ channels, but is not related to H 1 histamine receptor.