Práticas corporais de aventura como conteúdo nas aulas de Educação Física do IFPB / Adventure bodily practices as content in the IFPB Physical Education classrooms / Prácticas corporales de aventura como contenido en las aulas de Educación Física de la IFPB

Objetivou-se analisar a presença das Práticas Corporais de Aventura (PCA's) enquanto conteúdo nos planos de ensino da Educação Física no Instituto Federal da Paraíba ­ IFPB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na análise documental. Os dados foram compostos por meio de busca eletrônica em sites oficiais do IFPB que possibilitou analisar 129 planos da disciplina Educação Física. Os resultados apontam que as PCA's constituem conteúdo pouco ofertado nas aulas de Educação Física, visto que identificou-se a ausência deste conteúdo em alguns campi, a oferta do referido tema em apenas um momento do curso ou somente em séries iniciais, dispondo apenas dois campi com o conteúdo em quase todo o ensino médio. Conclui-se que as PCA's necessitam ser inseridas nos planos de ensino, uma vez que há inúmeras possibilidades de aplicação deste conteúdo. Sugere-se a realização de formações continuadas afim de ampliar as possibilidades de aplicabilidade destes conteúdos na escola.

The objective is to analyze the presence of adventure corporal practices (ACP's) as content in our physical education plans at the Federal Institute of Paraíba- IFPB. It is a qualitative research, based on documentary analysis. The data were composed by means of electronic searches on official IFPB websites that made it possible to analyze 129 plans of the discipline of physical education.  The results indicate that the (ACP's) constitute a little- offered contended in the physical education classrooms, in view of the fact that the absence of this contended in some college campus was identified. The offer of this topic in just one moment of the course or only in initial series, having only in two university camps with the content in almost the entire secondary education. It is concluded that the (ACP's) need to be included in the teaching plans, since there are innumerable possibilities of application of this content. It is suggested that continuous training should be carried out in order to expand the possibilities of applicability of this content in the school.

El objetivo es analizar la presencia de las practicas corporales de aventura (PCA's) como contenido en nuestro planes de enseñanza de educación física en el Instituto Federal da Paraíba ­ IFPB.  Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, basada en análisis documental. Los datos fueron compuestos por medio de búsquedas electrónicas en sitios web oficiales del IFPB que hizo posible analizar 129 planes de la disciplina de educación física.  Los resultados apuntan que las (PCA's) constituyen un contendió poco ofertado en las aulas de educación física, en vista que se identifico la ausencia de este contendió en algunos campos, la oferta del referido tema en apenas un momento del curso o solamente en series iniciales, disponiendo tan solo dos campos con el contenido en casi toda la enseñanza media. Se concluye que las (PCA's) necesitan ser incluidas en los planes de enseñanza, ya que existen innumerables posibilidades de aplicación de este contenido. Se sugiere la realización de formaciones continuas afín de ampliar las posibilidades de aplicabilidad de este contenido en la escuela.

El uso de sistemas de evaluación formativa y compartida en las aulas de educación física en educación primaria / The use of formative and shared assessment systems in physical education classrooms in primary education / O uso de sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas aulas de educação física em educação primária

Objetivo: establecer si maestros de educación física utilizan sistemas de Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en sus aulas, y observar las ventajas e inconvenientes que supone la implementación de este tipo de evaluación. Método: estudio con diseño de metodología mixta. Se seleccionó una muestra a conveniencia de 17 maestros. Como instrumentos para la obtención de datos se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado con escala tipo Likert y se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Resultados y conclusión: se encontró que los docentes sí utilizan sistemas de Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en el aula, y consideran que la ventaja fundamental es que el alumnado se hace consciente y mejora su proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Como inconveniente principal, los maestros destacan la carga de trabajo que supone, tanto para el profesorado, como para el alumnado.

Objective: To establish if physical education teachers use formative and shared assessment systems in their classrooms, and to observe the advantages and disadvantages of using this type of assessment. Method: Study with mixed methodology design. A sample of 17 teachers was selected at the convenience. As instruments for obtaining data, a closed questionnaire with a Likert-type scale was applied, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. Results and Conclusion: It was found that teachers do use formative and shared assessment systems in their classrooms, and they consider that the fundamental advantage is that students become aware and improve their teaching-learning process. As the principal disadvantage, teachers highlight the workload that it entails for both, teachers and students.

Objetivo: estabelecer se os professores de educação física usam sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas aulas, bem como observar as vantagens e desvantagens que supõe este tipo de avaliação. Método: estudo com desenho de uma metodologia mista. Selecionou-se uma amostra por conveniência de 17 professores. Nessa metodologia foram usados como instrumentos de recolha de dados: um questionário fechado com escala tipo Likert e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados e conclusão: evidenciou-se que os professores usam sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas suas aulas e consideram que sua vantagem principal é que os alunos são conscientes e melhoram o seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Como principal desvantagem, os professores destacam o volume de trabalho que isso implica tanto para os professores quanto para os alunos.

El feedback como clave de la evaluación formativa. Un estudio de casos en el Prácticum de educación física. / Feedback as a key to formative assessment. A case study in the physical education practicum / O feedback como chave para a avaliação formativa. Um estudo de caso no prácticum de educação física

Objetivo: analizar la comunicación no verbal centrada en el estudio del feedback o retroalimentación en el ámbito de la educación primaria, buscando mejorar la práctica docente. Método: investigación a partir de la acción, tipo estudio de caso, mediante observación a la práctica docente de una estudiante de formación inicial del profesorado de educación física, con un grupo alumnos de 4º grado de educación primaria. La observadora (maestra cooperante) registró en una ficha de control sus valoraciones, y se elaboró un informe con base en sus anotaciones y reflexiones sobre cada sesión, incluyendo posibles mejoras para las siguientes. Para procesar la información se usó el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: el empleo del feedback en el aula, tanto en número como en tipología, fue incrementando durante el desarrollo de la unidad didáctica. Conclusión: existe una relación entre el tipo de feedback aplicado y el contenido impartido, aunque mayormente predomina el de tipo correctivo.

Objective: To review non-verbal communication focused on the study of feedback in primary education, to improve teaching practice. Method: Research from the action, case study type, by observing the teaching practice of a student of initial teaching training in physical education, with a group of 4th-grade primary school students. The observer (cooperating teacher) recorded her evaluations on a control sheet, and a report based on her notes and reflections on each session was prepared, including possible improvements for the following ones. ATLAS.ti software was used to process the information. Results: The use of feedback in the classroom, both in number and typology, increased during the development of the teaching unit. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the type of feedback applied and the content taught, although the corrective type predominates.

Objetivo: analisar a comunicação não verbal centrada no estudo do feedback ou retroalimentação no âmbito da educação primária, no intuito de melhorar a prática docente. Método: investigação-ação, tipo estudo de caso, através da observação do estágio docente de uma estudante de formação inicial de professorado com um grupo de alunos de 4º de educação primária. A observadora (professora assistente) registrou suas valorações num relatório, feito a posteriori com as respetivas notas e reflexões sobre cada sessão, incluindo possíveis melhorias para as sessões seguintes. Para sistematizar as informações usou-se o software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: o uso do feedback na sala de aula foi aumentando tanto em número quanto em tipologia, à medida que o tempo de desenvolvimento da unidade didática avançava. Conclusão: comprovamos que, apesar de ter havido uma predominância de feedback corretivo, existe uma relação entre o tipo de feedback aplicado e o respetivo conteúdo de ensino.

Effectiveness of peer-assisted-learning model in teaching physical examination in Otorhinolaryngology to clerks and postgraduate interns

Background and Objective@#Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is an established concept in which students obtain mutual benefits by teaching and learning from each other. In the clinical environment, this often occurs intentionally or unintentionally in various formats such as same level or cross level peer tutoring, peer mentoring, cooperative learning and the like. This study determined the effectiveness of Peer Assisted Learning in achieving identified program outcomes in the curriculum for clerks and postgraduate interns rotating in Otorhinolaryngology specialty. @*Methodology@#Study has 2 parts. Part 1 was a one-group pre-test and post-test design that involved teaching training of 16 PGI to be peer tutors in Otorhinolaryngology Physical Examination (ORL PE) to clerks. Video recorded pre-training baseline and post-training actual skills demonstrations of the PGI were rated. Scores were compared using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test with p value at 5% level of significance. Part 2 was a randomized controlled single-blind trial of Peer-Led vs. Expert Faculty-Led ORL PE training of 55 clerks. Tutees performed a post training video-recorded skills demonstration assessed by a faculty rater who was blinded as to who among the clerks underwent the PAL-Led or Expert Faculty-Led training. Scores of the tutees in the 2 models of instruction were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test at 5% level of significance. @*Results@#Part 1 results showed significant improvement in the post-training scores of the 16 PGI in the identified micro skills and ORL PE skills. For Part 2, 33 and 22 clerks underwent PAL-Led and Expert Faculty-Led instruction respectively. Comparison of performance scores of the clerks in the 2 models of instruction showed no significant difference. @*Conclusion@#Teaching training for PGI improved their knowledge, skills and attitude in teaching ORL PE skills to clerks. There was no significant difference in the performance outcomes between clerks that underwent PALLed and Expert Faculty-Led model of instruction.

La preparación profesoral para el desarrollo de la motivación profesional en estudiantes de la carrera de medicina / Teaching training for the development of profesional motivation in students of Medicine studies

RESUMEN En la formación de profesionales de la salud los docentes deberán desarrollar la motivación de sus educandos, como parte primordial del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, e intervenir de manera efectiva en la formación intelectual y creación de valores, indispensables para el desarrollo de su profesión. Se formuló como objetivo analizar algunas consideraciones en la preparación profesoral para el desarrollo de la motivación profesional en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Se reflexionó sobre la escasa formación pedagógica de los docentes, en su totalidad graduados en Medicina, lo que dificulta la capacidad de los mismos para desarrollar la motivación profesional de sus estudiantes.

ABSTRACT In the health professionals´ training, the teaching staff should develop motivation in students, as a main part of the teaching-learning process, and take effective part in the intellectual training and the formation of values that are essential for their professional development. The aim was analyzing some considerations on the professional training for the development of the professional motivation in students of Medicine studies. We though over the scarce pedagogical training of the teaching staff, all of them graduated from Medicine studies, what difficult their competence for developing the professional motivation of the students.

Development of teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture / 中国针灸

A teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture is developed. This system is suitable for the technique operation of multi-acupoint warming acupuncture, and could evaluate the training effects of warming acupuncture at each acupoint. The hardware structure of this system is mainly composed of man-machine interface, control unit and training unit. The software program includes reset module, system clock module, needle depth signal control module, vibration control module and communication module. The teaching training and assessment system of warming acupuncture adopted touch-screen human-machine interface, which is simple to operate. The basic training unit, through multi-angle and multi-dimension adjustment of universal base, could realize the simulation training of warming acupuncture at different acupoints and angles of human body. Each training unit is relatively independent, and relevant parameters are set separately; the relevant parameters information is displayed in real time. The parameters of training unit includes needling time, vibration frequency and vibration time. In conclusion, the teaching training and assessment system for warming acupuncture could be used in the teaching and assessment of warming acupuncture. According to the criteria including operation time and effect, the students' technique ability of warming acupuncture could be evaluated objectively, which is helpful to set teaching objectives and technical operation requirements in warming acupuncture teaching.

Prevención cuaternaria: como hacer, como ensiñar / Quaternary prevention: how to do, how to teach / Prevenção quaternária: como fazer, como ensinar

La prevención cuaternaria o P4 se define como las acciones que disminuyen los efectos de las intervenciones innecesarias, generadas por el contacto de las personas con los sistemas de salud. Se planteó como objetivo general desarrollar una estrategia para promover y difundir P4 em Iberoamérica; para cumplir dicha meta se realizó una investigación bibliográfica sobre los conceptos relacionados con P4; se aplicó una encuesta exploratoria para indagar sobre el conocimiento que tenían los participantes en la Cumbre y el Congreso respecto a P4. Existe múltiple literatura que define los términos relacionados con P4, lo que facilita su delimitación. Respecto a la encuesta, de las 309 personas que contestaron; 34% tenían entre 36 y 45 años; 88% eran profesionales en medicina; 69% conocía sobre P4 y más del 50% afirmó estar informado sobre los conceptos relacionados a P4; 92% consideró que P4 no es exclusiva de medicina familiar; 15% aseguró que después de la VI Cumbre se hicieron publicaciones sobre P4 en sus países; menos del 20% consideró que los políticos conocen sobre P4; 27% afirmó que los médicos de familia educan a los pacientes sobre P4. Se recomienda ampliar las campañas de educación sobre P4; facilitar el acceso a la información sobre P4 para profesionales del campo de la salud; incluir P4 en los programas académicos de pregrado y postgrado de las profesiones de la salud; crear alianzas con las entidades políticas de cada país para incluir P4 en políticas públicas.

Quaternary prevention or P4 is defined as any action taken to diminish the effects of unnecessary interventions generated when people interact with a health system. Methodology.The general objective was to develop a strategy to promote and spread P4 in Iberoamerica; to fulfill this goal a literature research was carried out, on the concepts related to P4; an exploratory survey was applied to inquire about the knowledge of the participates in the Summit and Congress, regarding P4 Results. There multiple literature sources that define the terms related to P4, which facilitated its delimitation. Regarding the survey, 69% knew about P4 and more that 50% declared that they where informed about the concepts related to P4; 92% considered that P4 is not only limited to family medicine; 15% assured that after the VI Summit publication regarding P4 where published in their countries; less than 20% stated that politicians knew about P4; 27% affirmed that family medicine doctors educate their patients about P4 Conclusions. It is recommended to expand the educational campaigns about P4; facilitate the access to information about P4 for professionals in the health field; include P4 in the academic programs of health professional for both graduate and post-graduate students; create alliances with political entities of each country to include P4 in public health policies.

A prevenção quaternária ou P4 é definida como ações que reduzem os efeitos de intervenções desnecessárias, geradas pelo contato das pessoas com os sistemas de saúde. O objetivo geral foi desenvolver uma estratégia para promover e disseminar o P4 na Ibero-América; Para atingir este objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os conceitos relacionados a P4; Uma pesquisa exploratória foi aplicada para indagar sobre o conhecimento que os participantes da Cúpula e do Congresso tinham sobre P4. Há uma diversidade de literatura que define os termos relacionados a P4, o que facilita sua delimitação. Em relação à pesquisa, das 309 pessoas que responderam; 34% tinham entre 36 e 45 anos; 88% eram profissionais de medicina; 69% conheciam o P4 e mais de 50% disseram que estavam informados sobre os conceitos relacionados ao P4; 92% consideraram que P4 não é exclusivo de medicina de família; 15% disseram que, após a VI Cúpula, foram feitas publicações sobre P4 em seus países; menos de 20% considerou que os políticos conhecem o P4; 27% disseram que os médicos de família educam os pacientes sobre o P4. Recomenda-se expandir as campanhas de educação sobre P4; facilitar o acesso à informação sobre P4 para profissionais da área da saúde; incluir P4 nos programas acadêmicos de graduação e pós-graduação das profissões de saúde; criar parceiras com as entidades políticas de cada país para incluir P4 nas políticas públicas

Problemas profesionales de los licenciados en enfermería en el desarrollo de habilidades pedagógicas / Profesional problems of the bachelors in nursing regarding the development of pedagogical skills

Introducción: la gestión del cuidado enfermero es el objeto de la enfermería. Para ello se necesita que los docentes responsabilizados con la formación de los futuros profesionales y técnicos en enfermería estén preparados desde el punto de vista pedagógico y debe manifestarse en el desarrollo de habilidades. Objetivo: determinar los problemas profesionales que presentan los licenciados en enfermería en el desarrollo de habilidades pedagógicas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se exploró el desarrollo de habilidades pedagógicas mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se seleccionaron 30 docentes y 10 profesores principales y asesores metodológicos de la carrera de enfermería de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "10 de octubre"; se empleó la sistematización y la revisión bibliográfica para el análisis de los planes de clases, investigaciones relacionadas con palabras clave: problemas profesionales, habilidades pedagógicas y formación docente. Se aplicó un cuestionario, prueba de desempeño y se observaron los indicadores de las habilidades pedagógicas, entrevista a directivos y sesiones de trabajo metodológico. Resultados: los problemas profesionales fueron la no aplicación de principios del proceso pedagógico profesional, insuficiencias en el uso de los métodos de trabajo educativo, insuficiente utilización de la caracterización estudiantil, carencia de investigaciones educativas, utilización de formas de educación en el trabajo e insuficiencia de relaciones interdisciplinarias del plan de estudios. Conclusiones: los problemas profesionales guardan relación con la insuficiente superación en el área pedagógica, la identificación de estos sirve para trazar la vía hacia la superación profesional pedagógica de los docentes de enfermería(AU)

Introduction: Nursing care management is the object of nursing. For this, it is necessary for the teachers responsible for the training of future professionals and technicians in nursing to be prepared from the pedagogical point of view, which must be manifested in the development of skills. Objective: To determine the professional problems presented by nursing graduates in the development of pedagogical skills. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, in which the development of pedagogical skills was explored through simple random sampling. Thirty teachers and ten main professors and methodological advisers of the Nursing major of the School of Medical Sciences in Diez de Octubre Municipality were selected; systematization and bibliographic review were used for the analysis of lesson plans, research was developed in relation with the key words: professional problems, pedagogical skills and teacher training. A questionnaire was applied, performance test and indicators of pedagogical skills were observed, together with interviews with managers and methodological work sessions. Results: Professional problems were the non-application of principles of the professional pedagogical process, inadequacies in the use of educational work methods, insufficient use of student characterization, lack of educational research, use of forms of education at work, and inadequacy of interdisciplinary relationships in the curriculum. Conclusions: The professional problems are associated with the insufficient overcoming in the pedagogical area, the identification of which serves to trace the way towards the pedagogical professional improvement of Nursing teachers(AU)

Practice and thinking of clinical skill training in focused ultrasound surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) technology has been used for clinical treatment more than 20 years. Since 2011, relying on the "high intensity focused ultrasound tumor therapy training base", focusing ultrasound surgeons on the treatment of uterine fibroids, based on the basic theories and skills provided by interns who have just access to the qualification of licensed physicians, the training courses are set such as engineering technology principles, biological effects and mechanisms, micro and non-invasive concepts and clinical thinking, image recognition ability, operation training, and postoperative complications management etc.. After strict quality training and performance evaluation, the initial training of focused ultrasound surgeons has been completed. Moreover, the training object can consolidate learning effect through continuing education in order to acquire stable skills and skills.

Progress of standardized patients in general practice education and training / 中华全科医师杂志

The standardized patient or simulate patient (SP) plays treble roles in the clinical teach-ing and training:the role of a patient, the role of a teacher and the role of an evaluator. The SP has been wide-ly used in clinical skill teaching and assessment in medical colleges and universities at home and abroad. This article reviews the progress of SP in general practice education and training, to provide the knowledge base for promoting its wide application in field of general practice.

A Survey and Analysis of College English Teachers’ Digital Literacy in Zhejian Province / 浙江中医药大学学报

Purpose] This paper discusses, in the information era, how to improve col ege English teachers ’ digital literacy. [Method] A questionnaire survey is carried out of the status of col ege English teachers ’ digital literacy in Zhejiang. [Results]Only 25% universities where the respondents work are wel equipped with adequate digital facilities.54% respondents haven ’t received any training in digital technologies and teaching methods. Most of respondents (90%) are interested in digital technologies;however, only 56%of them often use them in class. 90%respondents consider it necessary to receive training in digital teaching technologies. [Conclusion] Firstly, local universities should offer teachers better teaching facilities, more educational resources and training courses; secondly, education of digital literacy and teaching courses should be combined; final y, teachers should possess a correct judgment and improve their awareness of negative information in the virtual environment with self-protection consciousness.

Caracterización del proceso de integración de contenidos clínico-básicos en la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana II / Clinical Basic Contents Integration Process Characterization in Human Morphophysiology II Subject

Introducción: la práctica docente es un aspecto importante para integrar, consolidar, adquirir conocimientos y habilidades por parte del alumno. Objetivo: caracterizar el proceso de integración de contenidos clínico-básicos en la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana II. Método: se estudió la integración de los contenidos impartidos a los estudiantes en los consultorios médicos populares del Municipio Guanare del Estado Portuguesa en la asignatura Morfofisiología Humana II. Se encuestaron a profesores activos (26) de la carrera del Medicina Integral Comunitaria y al 50% de los estudiantes (60) de este municipio. Se entrevistaron cinco informantes claves, con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento del proceso de integración de los contenidos en la asignatura de Morfofisiología Humana II. Resultados: un total de 23 profesores (88,46%) y 58 estudiantes (96,66%) consideran que el escenario docente donde se logró mayor integración de contenidos fue en los consultorios populares; el 100% de los profesores y estudiantes refirieron que esta integración fue afectada por el alto número de estudiantes en las consultas, y el nivel de conocimiento de estudiantes y profesores sobre el tema. Conclusiones: se detectaron deficiencias en la preparación metodológica de la práctica docente, algunos factores influyeron negativamente en el proceso integración (masividad de pacientes al consultorio, mayor número de estudiantes que el estipulado, conocimiento del estudiante y del profesor sobre el tema a tratar). Se determinó el consultorio médico popular, como el escenario fundamental en que se desarrolló esta vinculación.

Introduction: teaching practice has relevant significance when integrating, consolidating and acquiring knowledge and skills by learner. Objective: to characterize the integration process of clinical basic contents in the subject of Morphophysiology Human II. Methods: a research study was carried out that took into account the integration of contents of Human Morphophysiology II, at Doctor´s Office of Guanare Municipality, from September 2008 to March 2009. A survey was applied to the teachers (26) and to 50% of students (60). An interview was also applied to five key informants in order to characterize the behavior of the integration process of the contents in the subject of Human Morphophysiology II. Results: twenty-three teachers (88.46%) and 58 students (96.66%) considered that consulting rooms where the place where the content achieved a greater integration, 100% of teachers and students reported that this integration was affected by the high number of students in the consultations, as well as the students´ and teachers´ level of knowledge on the subject. Conclusions: difficulties on the methodological training were found, there was incidence of some factors that negatively influenced in the integration process (massiveness of the patients, more students than required, student´s and teacher´s knowledge on the subject). We determined. The popular doctor consulting office was determined as the fundamental scenario to develop this integration.

Scheme of Teaching and Training for Sports Rehabilitation Students / 中国康复理论与实践

@#This paper introduced a scheme of teaching and training for sports rehabilitation students, to promote their capability of practices.