Improving breastfeeding among adolescent mothers: a prospective cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months, and mother's age impact early weaning. Educational support and relevant information can increase breastfeeding rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antenatal education enhances the maintenance, intention, and confidence in breastfeeding among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study involving primiparous adolescents who gave birth at the Woman's Hospital (CAISM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Adolescent mothers were categorized into two groups based on the location of prenatal care: those at the Woman's Hospital (WH) who received antenatal education, and at the Primary Care (PC) who did not receive antenatal education. All adolescents received breastfeeding orientation during their postpartum hospital stay. The groups were compared using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test. Log-binomial models were used to compare the groups at different time intervals. RESULTS: The study included 132 adolescents: 59 in the WH group and 73 in the PC group. Six months postpartum, adolescents in the WH group demonstrated higher engagement in breastfeeding (P < 0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.04) than PC group. PC group showed greater lack of confidence in breastfeeding (P = 0.02) and felt less prepared (P = 0.01). Notably, all WH adolescents reported a stronger desire to breastfeed after antenatal education. CONCLUSION: Antenatal education significantly improves the maintenance, intention, and confidence of breastfeeding among adolescents. This education approach can be implemented across all healthcare levels and should be made accessible to all women throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Clinico-epidemiological profile of patients at children's psychosocial care centers in São Bernardo do Campo: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUDS: Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, CAPSI) are dedicated centers for persistent psychiatric disorders, which provide an individualized therapeutic approach based on extra-hospital services. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the clinico-epidemiological profiles of the patients seeking interventions at the CAPSIs. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two CAPSI in São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil. One CAPSI is dedicated to the treatment of alcohol- and drug-related disorders, and the other to the treatment of other mental disorders. METHODS: In July 2017, we reviewed all active medical records of these two CAPSI, and collected the patients information including sex, race, education, type of referral, initial complaints, psychiatric diagnoses, and medication utilization. RESULTS: Of the 233 patients, 69.5% were male and 42.5% lived with their immediate family. Most of the patients were referred from other health services. Complaints on admission included agitation and aggressive behavior (30.9%). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was the most prevalent diagnosis (46.8%), followed by depressive disorder (13.8%). Of the patients, 81.5% were on regular medical follow-up and 70.3% were on a single medication only. CONCLUSION: Aggression complaints are the most prevalent in CAPSI, and diagnoses of ASD and psychotic disorders are more common. This situation differs from most CAPSI that present school complaints as the most prevalent, in which diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders are likely to be more frequent. The epidemiological profile of each CAPSI should guide the implementation of human and structural resources targeting the most prevalent complaints and diagnoses.

Percepções de mães adolescentes acerca das expectativas e experiências da maternidade na adolescência / Perceptions of teenage mothers about the expectations and experiences of motherhood in adolescence

Conhecer as percepções das mães adolescentes sobre a gravidez na adolescência é importante subsídio para uma abordagem efetiva e integral pelos profissionais de saúde e para políticas de saúde. O estudo analisou as percepções de mães de 15 a 19 anos que frequentaram a Unidade Básica de Saúde em Divinolândia-SP para realização do pré-natal entre janeiro de 2016 à outubro de 2017. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando amostragem por exaustão. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, e o material tratado por análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Foram identificadas 5 categorias de análise: (1) gravidez planejada durante a adolescência; (2) imaginário e realidades da gravidez na adolescência; (3) modificação dos projetos de vida; (4) motivação para a gravidez associada ao desejo de mudança de vida e fuga e (5) rede de apoio e proteção. As adolescentes relataram os desafios da maternidade e surpreenderam-se frente a uma realidade distinta da qual imaginavam, com modificação nos projetos de vida, no entanto as mães se confortaram perante o apoio social e familiar recebido, e apresentaram formas de lidar com as dificuldades e complexidades inerentes à maternidade. Os resultados deste estudo podem colaborar com programas de saúde que visem não só prevenir a gravidez não planejada, como também oferecer suporte à adolescente e apoiar o período puerperal, visto que é sentido como um período crítico na vida das mães.

It is relevant to know the perceptions of adolescent mothers about teenage pregnancy because it is a support for an effective and comprehensive approach by health professionals and health policies.The study analyzed the perceptions of mothers aged 15 to 19 years old who attended the Basic Health Unit in Divinolândia-SP for prenatal care, between January 2016 and October 2017. The qualitative research was carried out through 17 semi-structured interviews, using exhaust sampling. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the material was treated by content analysis in the thematic mode. Five categories of analysis were identified: (1) intended pregnancy during adolescence; (2) imaginary and realities of teenage pregnancy; (3) modification of life projects; (4) motivation for pregnancy associated with the desire for life change and escape and (5) support and protection network. Adolescents reported challenges and were surprised by a reality different from what they imagined, with changes in life projects, however, mothers were comforted by the social and family support received, and presented ways of dealing with the inherent difficulties and complexities of motherhood. The results of this study can collaborate with health programs, which aim not only to prevent unintended pregnancy, but also to support adolescents and support the puerperal period, as it is felt as a critical period in the lives of mothers.

Violencia en las parejas adolescentes. Implicaciones del sexismo y la religión / Teen dating violence. Implications of sexism and religion

Resumen La violencia en las parejas adolescentes es un tema de especial importancia por la implicación en la salud y en las relaciones afectivas de los adolescentes. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la influencia del género y de la religión en la violencia física, de comunicación/relación y psicológica, recibidas por los adolescentes, y en la satisfacción con la vida que estos presentan, además, del papel que juegan las conductas sexistas en esta violencia. Los participantes han sido 1 036 adolescentes pertenecientes a siete centros de educación secundaria del sudeste español, de edades comprendidas entre 14 y 19 años, de los que el 48.1 % eran hombres y el 51.9 %, mujeres. Para alcanzar los objetivos de la investigación, junto con los datos demográficos y personales, se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS), la Escala de Violencia en la pareja desarrollada y validada para este estudio que recoge tres subescalas: violencia psicológica, violencia física, y violencia en la comunicación y relación con otros. Finalmente, el cuestionario sobre conductas sexistas da información sobre creencias falsas y conductas sexistas. Los resultados muestran niveles más altos de violencia física, psicológica y de comunicación/relación sufrida por los hombres. Aunque son los hombres los que se sienten más satisfechos con la vida y los que manifiestan más conductas sexistas. La creencia religiosa no interviene en la violencia ejercida, pero son los adolescentes practicantes los que se muestran más satisfechos con la vida.

Abstract Teen dating violence is defined as the physical, sexual, psycho-emotional violence that occurs within couple relationships during adolescence. These are relationships that threaten the well-being, health or integrity of the couple and that use mechanisms of control or domination of the couple through coactive or coercive tactics. With this research we have tried to find out about life satisfaction, the physical, psychological and communicative violence suffered by adolescent men and women who are religious or not. In addition, detect sexist behaviours in young people of both sexes and assess behaviours based on religious practice. A descriptive, cross-sectional and predictive study was carried out. Cluster random sampling was carried out when selecting secondary schools in South-eastern Spain. The study included 1 036 adolescents with ages between 14 and 19 years old, of whom 48.1 % were men and 51.9 % women. To fulfill the objectives together with demographic and personal data, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is applied, which assesses the cognitive aspects of well-being. The Psychological Violence Scale is applied with the objective of assessing the psychological and emotional violence. To know the physical violence and authoritarian behaviour, the Physical Violence Scale is applied. Finally, the Violence in Communication and Relationship with Others Scale is introduced for studying online violence and relationship violence. The three violence scales have been adapted, developed and validated by Soriano and Aguilera (2017). Finally, the questionnaire on sexist behaviours collects information on false beliefs and sexist behaviours. The data collection procedure followed the standards set out in the Helsinki Convention (2013) for scientific research involving human participants. Regarding the results, in the first of the logistic regression models, it is good for boys to go out with many girls, but not the other way around (Wald = 14.461; p = .000; OR = 4.047), it is observed to be that boys are 4.047 times more likely to agree with this attitude than girls. Also, it is statistically significant that sometimes you have to threaten others to know who is in charge, (Wald = 8.107; p = .004; OR = 2.173), which indicates that the boys are 2.173 times more likely in accordance with that conduct that the girls. It is also statistically significant that when a woman is assaulted by her partner she will have done something to provoke him, (Wald = 16.315; p = .000; OR = 3.538), making it 3.538 times more likely that boys support this attitude than girls. At the same time, it is statistically significant that the violence that occurs within the home is a family matter and should not leave there, (Wald = 4.132; p = .042; OR = 1.694), which also indicates that boys are 1.694 times more likely to adopt this behaviour than girls. Regarding the perception of violence, it is observed that men perceive more violence than women, being significant for the three types of violence studied (p < .05): Communication, psychological and physical. Personal satisfaction also shows significant results (Z = -2.61; p = .009). In this case, men perceive greatersatisfaction with their life than women. For students with religious beliefs and practices, statistically significant results were evident only in personal satisfaction (Z = -3.42; p = .001), showing that students who practice a religion have more satisfaction with life. The results show higher levels of physical, psychological and communication / relationship violence suffered by men. However, men feel more satisfation with life and show more sexist behaviour. Religious belief does not intervene in violence, but the practicing adolescents are those most satisfied with life.

Intervenciones para prevenir el síndrome metabólico en adolescentes / Interventions to Prevent Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son actualmente problemas de salud pública de alto impacto a nivel mundial, que predisponen al ser humano a adquirir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como el síndrome metabólico, afecta a los adolescentes, un grupo etario vulnerable. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica acerca de las intervenciones para prevenir el síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2019, se realizó la búsqueda en bases de datos SciELO, BVS, PUBMED. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 11 artículos. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Conclusiones: En los 11 artículos analizados, se han encontrado diversos enfoques de intervención, que fueron desarrollados, principalmente, en aspectos educativos, nutricionales y actividades físicas. Los estudios en los que se abordaron más estrategias de prevención del síndrome metabólico en los adolescentes, aunado a un enfoque familiar e incorporando a docentes y un equipo multidisciplinario, presentaron cambios más significativos en las características antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos relacionados a los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos(AU)

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are currently high-impact public health problems worldwide, predisposing humans to acquire chronic non-communicable diseases such as metabolic syndrome, affecting adolescents, a vulnerable age group. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence about interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of articles published between 2010 and 2019; a search was carried out in SciELO, BVS, PUBMED databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) flow chart was used. Conclusions: In the 11 articles analyzed, various intervention approaches have been found, which were developed mainly in educational, nutritional and physical activities aspects. The studies in which more strategies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in adolescents were addressed, together with a family approach and incorporating teachers and a multidisciplinary team, showed more significant changes in anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters related to cardiometabolic risk factors(AU)

Regras/rupturas do "contrato" amoroso entre adolescentes: o papel do abuso digital / Love "contract" rules/breaches: the role of digital abuse

Resumo O abuso digital nos relacionamentos íntimos constitui um tema ainda pouco estudado no Brasil, sendo tal prática muitas vezes naturalizada, especialmente entre jovens. O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer os sentidos atribuídos por adolescentes para o conjunto de regras e acordos, implícitos ou pactuados, que definem os contornos de um contrato amoroso e o papel do abuso digital nesses entendimentos estratégicos. Estudo qualitativo realizado com fontes orais primárias, a partir de quatro grupos focais com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 15 a 18 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, totalizando 26 estudantes. A análise se pautou na perspectiva da interpretação de sentidos, com viés temático, ancorado na teoria de amor líquido de Bauman e na categoria de amor confluente de Giddens. Confiança, individualidade e intimidade foram valores considerados essenciais para a vigência de um relacionamento íntimo considerado sério. A exposição da intimidade e monitoramento sem permissão são atos que podem levar à ruptura desse contrato amoroso. Os adolescentes nos mostraram que é preciso tratar o abuso digital entre parceiros a partir da reflexão acerca das regras, dos valores e dos acordos que definem os contornos do contrato amoroso que estabelecem.

Abstract Digital abuse in intimate relationships is a topic that is still poorly studied in Brazil, and this practice is often naturalized, especially among young people. This article aims to know the meanings attributed by adolescents to the set of rules and agreements, implicit or agreed, that define the contours of a "love contract" and the role of digital abuse in these strategic understandings. Qualitative study conducted with primary oral sources, from four focus groups with adolescents from public and private schools, of both sexes, aged 15 to 18 years, totaling 26 students. The analysis was based on the perspective of the interpretation of meanings, with thematic bias, anchored in Bauman's theory of liquid love and Giddens' category of confluent love. Trust, individuality and intimacy were values ​​considered essential for the existence of an intimate relationship considered "serious". The "exposure of intimacy" and "monitoring" without permission are acts that can lead to the breakdown of this "love contract". The adolescents showed us that we need to treat digital abuse between partners by reflecting on the rules, values ​​and agreements that define the contours of the "love contract" they establish.

Association between handgrip strength and bone mass parameters in HIV-infected children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether HGS levels are associated with BMC and BMD in HIV-infected children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianãpolis, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: The subjects were 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) diagnosed with vertically-transmitted HIV. Subtotal and lumbar-spine BMC and BMD were obtained via dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured using manual dynamometers. The covariates of sex, ART, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Sexual maturation was self-reported and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Simple and multiple linear regression were used, with P < 0.05. RESULTS: HGS was directly associated with subtotal BMD (β = 0.002; R² = 0.670; P < 0.001), subtotal BMC (β = 0.090; R² = 0.734; P = 0.005) and lumbar-spine BMC (β = 1.004; R² = 0.656; P = 0.010) in the adjusted analyses. However, no significant association was found between HGS and lumbar-spine BMD (β = 0.001; R² = 0.464; P = 0.299). CONCLUSION: HGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Aborto en la adolescencia, un reto como problema biopsicosocial actual para la Atención Primaria de Salud / Abortion in adolescence, a challenge as a current biopsychosocial problem for Primary Health Care / Aborto na adolescência, um desafio como problema biopsicossocial atual para a Atenção Básica à Saúde

RESUMEN El impacto del aborto como problema social y psicológico, es un tema tratado en todas sus dimensiones, así como su situación mundial y sobre todo la cubana actual. Trabajos de investigación, toman en cuenta diferentes latitudes tales como su caracterización, las justificativas para la toma de decisión de abortar además de su repercusión económica y biopsicosocial. La educación sexual y reproductiva puede ayudar a que el aborto no se convierta en un método anticonceptivo como tal, el cual representa un problema que compromete la salud reproductiva de las adolescentes tanto desde el punto de vista biológico, psicológico, como social, sino como otra elección en la toma de decisiones ante un embarazo no deseado que conlleva a la realización de este proceder teniendo como una de las principales razones no sentirse preparadas para ser madres en ese momento.

ABSTRACT The impact of abortion as a social and psychological problem is a subject dealt with in all its dimensions, as well as its world situation and especially the current Cuban one. Research works take into account different latitudes such as their characterization, the justifications for the decision to abort, as well as their economic and biopsychosocial repercussions. Sexual and reproductive education can help prevent abortion from becoming a contraceptive method as such, which represents a problem that compromises the reproductive health of adolescents both from a biological, psychological, and social point of view, but from another point of view, choice in decision-making in the face of an unwanted pregnancy that leads to the performance of this procedure, one of the main reasons being not feeling prepared to be mothers at that time.

RESUMO O impacto do aborto como problema social e psicológico é um assunto tratado em tod,as as suas dimensões, bem como a sua situação mundial e especialmente a cubana atual. Os trabalhos de pesquisa levam em consideração diferentes latitudes como sua caracterização, as justificativas para a decisão de abortar, bem como suas repercussões econômicas e biopsicossociais. A educação sexual e reprodutiva pode ajudar a evitar que o aborto se torne um método anticoncepcional propriamente dito, o que representa um problema que compromete a saúde reprodutiva dos adolescentes tanto do ponto de vista biológico, psicológico e social, quanto de outro ponto de vista, fazer frente a uma gravidez indesejada que leva à realização desse procedimento, sendo um dos principais motivos o fato de não se sentir preparada para ser mãe naquele momento.

Factores de riesgo asociados a intento suicida en adolescentes. Unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. 2018-2019 / Risk factors associated with suicide attempt in adolescents. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. 2018-2019 / Fatores de risco associados à tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes. Unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. 2018-2019

RESUMEN El suicidio se considera un importante problema de salud y un verdadero drama existencial del hombre. Con el objetivo de identificar algunos factores de riesgo que se asociaron al intento suicida en adolescentes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente "General Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo" en el período comprendido del 1ro enero 2018 al 31 diciembre 2019, en Granma, se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de caso y control que investigó la asociación entre el intento suicida y factores de riesgo demográficos, biológicos, socioambientales y otros relacionados con la familia. Se seleccionaron 30 casos y 60 controles. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos y se calculó el Odd Ratio. En el análisis univariado la edad (OR=1,000, IC=0,371-2,694, p=1,000) y el sexo (OR=1,000, IC=0,334-2.991, p=1,000) no tuvieron relación con el riesgo de intento suicida. Los antecedentes personales de ansiedad (OR=6,000, IC=1,668-21.582, p=0,003) y depresión (OR=3,500, IC=1,345-9,107, p=0,008); los problemas de pareja (OR=25,375, IC=5,218-123,391p=0,000); el rechazo escolar (OR=39,333, IC=4,782-323,509, p=0,000) y los antecedentes familiares de depresión (OR=11,800, IC=1,310-106,217, p=0,007) y ansiedad (OR=14,500, IC=2,920-71,891, p=0,000) contribuyeron al riesgo de intento suicida en adolescentes. El antecedente personal de epilepsia, el antecedente familiar de alcoholismo y de suicidio en la familia no tuvieron relación estadística significativa. Los resultados obtenidos advierten sobre las posibilidades preventivas que pueden resultar viables para disminuir la incidencia de la entidad.

ABSTRACT Suicide is considered a major health problem and a true existential drama of man. In order to identify some risk factors that were associated with suicide attempts in adolescents admitted to the intensive care unit of the Provincial Pediatric Teaching General Hospital Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo" in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, in Granma, an analytical observational case-control study was carried out that investigated the association between the suicide attempt and demographic, biological, socio-environmental and other risk factors. family related. 30 cases and 60 controls were selected. Theoretical and empirical methods were used and the Odd Ratio was calculated. In the univariate analysis, age (OR = 1,000, CI = 0.371-2.694, p = 1,000) and sex (OR = 1,000, CI = 0.334-2.991, p = 1,000) were not related to the risk of suicide attempt. The personal history of anxiety (OR = 6,000, CI = 1,668-21,582, p = 0.003) and depression (OR = 3,500, CI = 1,345-9.107, p = 0.008); relationship problems (OR = 25.375, CI = 5.218-123.391p = 0.000); school refusal (OR = 39.333, CI = 4.782-323.509, p = 0.000) and family history of depression (OR = 11.800, CI = 1.310-106.217, p = 0.007) and anxiety (OR = 14.500, CI = 2.920- 71.891, p = 0.000) contributed to the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents. The personal history of epilepsy, the family history of alcoholism and suicide in the family did not have a significant statistical relationship. The results obtained warn about the preventive possibilities that may be viable to reduce the incidence of the entity.

RESUMO O suicídio é considerado um grande problema de saúde e um verdadeiro drama existencial do homem. A fim de identificar alguns fatores de risco associados à tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva do Hospital Geral Provincial de Pediatria Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo "no período de 1º de janeiro de 2018 a 31 de dezembro de 2019, no Granma, foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico caso-controle que investigou a associação da tentativa de suicídio com dados demográficos, biológicos, socioambientais e outros fatores de risco relacionados à família. 30 casos e 60 controles foram selecionados. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos e calculada a Odd Ratio. Na análise univariada, idade (OR = 1.000, IC = 0,371-2,694, p = 1.000) e sexo (OR = 1.000, IC = 0,334-2,991, p = 1.000) não foram relacionados ao risco de tentativa de suicídio. A história pessoal de ansiedade (OR = 6.000, IC = 1.668-21.582, p = 0,003) e depressão (OR = 3.500, IC = 1.345-9,107, p = 0,008); problemas de relacionamento (OR = 25,375, CI = 5,218-123,391p = 0,000); recusa escolar (OR = 39,333, IC = 4,782-323,509, p = 0,000) e história familiar de depressão (OR = 11,800, IC = 1,310-106,217, p = 0,007) e ansiedade (OR = 14,500, IC = 2,920-71,891, p = 0,000) contribuiu para o risco de tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes. A história pessoal de epilepsia, a história familiar de alcoolismo e suicídio na família não tiveram relação estatística significativa. Os resultados obtidos alertam sobre as possibilidades preventivas que podem ser viáveis ​​para reduzir a incidência da entidade.

Prevalence and determinants of the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services in the teen health kiosk of a public secondary school in the City of Dasmariñas

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective:</strong> Despite the provision of local health policies promoting the utilization of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services of adolescents, SRH services utilization remains very low and little information is known concerning the factors which may influence adolescents' use of these SRH services. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of school-based SRH services utilization among secondary school students.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study that used a self-administered questionnaire to gather data among students in one public secondary school in the City of Dasmariñas. A total of 24 sections from Grades 8 to 12 were randomly selected using stratified cluster sampling. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using Epi Info version 7.3.2.1.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 1,218 students who answered the questionnaire, 168 students (13.8%) utilized the SRH services in the Teen Health Kiosk (THK) during SY 2019-20. Students with favorable attitudes towards SRH issues (predisposing factor) were twice more likely to utilize the SRH services (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.12-2.74) and those who have positive perceived accessibility on the SRH services (enabling factor) were 2.5 times more likely to utilize the SRH services (AOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.66 - 3.66).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Attitudes towards SRH issues and perceived accessibility to SRH services were found to be determinants of SRH services utilization in the THK of the selected public secondary school in the City of Dasmariñas. Even with the marked increase in the utilization of SRH services in the THK from 0.2% in SY 2018-19 to 13.8% in SY 2019-20, intensified efforts are still needed in order to target students' attitudes on SRH and accessibility of THK and the SRH services it offers to its clients. It is recommended that the existing THK Club be strengthened as this will play a significant role in changing the attitudes of students towards SRH issues, thus increasing the utilization of SRH services. Additionally, formulating an SRH policy at the school level targeting THK's accessibility will be helpful in increasing the utilization of school-based SRH services. For one, a policy mandating THK service providers to deliver services beyond school hours may be discussed such that it can also cater students who are attending the school during weekends (i.e. ALS students, Open High students). Likewise, policy makers in the City Schools Division Office including their top management and personnel from the Health and Nutrition Unit as well as school administrators must endeavor to provide a more conducive THK where privacy and confidentiality can be maintained at all times and clients can freely discuss SRH issues with the THK service provider. An initiative to provide a separately detached room for the THK is encouraged in order to provide a more suitable counselling area and to ensure privacy and confidentiality of student clients and their shared information.</p>

Infección del tracto urinario y amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes de un Hospital peruano / Urinary Tract Infection And Threatened Preterm Delivery In Teenage Pregnancies Of A Peruvian Hospital

Introducción: La amenaza de parto pretérmino puede causar desenlaces graves, por lo que es necesario evaluar sus determinantes. Objetivo: Determinar si la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es un factor asociado a amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes del hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles. Conformado por gestantes adolescentes internadas en el servicio de ginecobstetricia del hospital Sergio E. Bernales en 2018-2019. Se calcularon los OR crudos y ajustados para los posibles factores con fusor es en base a modelos de regresión logística. Considerándose el valor p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo de regresión logística ajustado mostraron que la amenaza de parto se asoció significativamente con la ITU (OR=2,68, IC 95%: 1,3­5,3) y con la presencia de ruptura prematura de membranas (OR=15, IC 95%: 5,9­37,9). Conclusión: La infección del tracto urinario es un factor asociado a la amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes.

Introduction: The threatened preterm delivery can cause serious outcomes, so it is necessary toevaluate its causes. Objective: to determine if urinary tract infection (UTI) is a factor associated withthe threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teenages at the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019.Methods: Observational analytical case-control study. The study included pregnant teenages admittedto the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Crude andadjusted ORs were calculated for possible confounding factors based on logistic regression models.Considering the p <0.05 value as significant. Results: The median age was 18 years. The results ofthe adjusted logistic regression model were that the threatened preterm delivery had a significantassociation with UTI (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.3­5.3) and RPM (OR = 15, 95 CI. %: 5.9­37.9). Conclusion:Urinary tract infection is a factor associated with the threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teens.

Patterns of perpetration and perceptions of teen dating violence / Padrões de perpetração e percepções de violência nas relações afetivo-sexuais na adolescência / Modelos de perpetración y percepciones de violencia en las relaciones afectivo-sexuales en la adolescencia

This study investigated patterns of perpetration and perceptions of teen dating violence (TDV) in a sample of 428 adolescents characterized as perpetrators (62.4% female, M=16.73 years of age, SD=1.20) from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. There was also a comparison group of 132 non-perpetrators (51.5% female, M=16.54 years of age, SD=1.19). The research instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire, 15 items about the perception of TDV and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI). We found a rate of 76.43% for the perpetration of some type of TDV and the most frequent was verbal/emotional violence (91.1%). The data showed that adolescents (perpetrators and non-perpetrators) have difficulty recognizing abusive behaviors, legitimizing the use of violence in their romantic relationships. Considering dating violence is a predictor of adult marital violence, the need to raise awareness of the phenomenon and the possibility of preventing TDV is discussed in this study. (AU)

Este estudo investigou padrões de perpetração e percepções de violência nas relações afetivo-sexuais na adolescência (VRASA), em uma amostra de 428 adolescentes caracterizados como perpetradores (62,4% sexo feminino, M = 16,73 anos; DP = 1,20), da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Foi adotado um grupo de comparação, composto por 132 adolescentes não perpetradores (51,5% sexo feminino, M = 16,54 anos; DP = 1,19). Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário sociodemográfico, itens sobre percepção de VRASA e o Inventário de Conflitos nas Relações de Namoro na Adolescência. Foi observada uma taxa de 76,43% para perpetração de algum tipo de VRASA, sendo a mais frequente a violência verbal/emocional (91,1%). Os dados mostram que adolescentes perpetradores e não perpetradores têm dificuldade em reconhecer comportamentos abusivos, legitimando o uso da violência em suas relações amorosas. Considerando que a violência no namoro é preditora da violência conjugal adulta, discute-se a necessidade de uma maior visibilidade do fenômeno, assim como possibilidades de prevenção de VRASA. (AU)

Este estudio investigó los modelos de perpetración y percepciones de violencia en las relaciones afectivo-sexuales en la adolescencia (VRASA), en una muestra de 428 adolescentes caracterizados como perpetradores (62,4% sexo femenino, M = 16,73 años, DP = 1,20), de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Fue adoptado un grupo para comparación, compuesto por 132 adolescentes no perpetradores (51,5% sexo femenino, M = 16,54 años, DP = 1,19). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron cuestionario sociodemográfico, ítems sobre percepción de VRASA y el Inventario de Conflictos en las Relaciones de Enamorar en la Adolescencia). Fue observada una tasa de 76,43% para la perpetración de algún tipo de VRASA, siendo la más frecuente la violencia verbal/emocional (91,1%). Los datos muestran que adolescentes perpetradores y no perpetradores tienen dificultad en reconocer comportamientos abusivos, legitimando el uso de la violencia en sus relaciones amorosas. Considerando que la violencia en el noviazgo es predictora de la violencia conyugal adulta, se discute la necesidad de una mayor visibilidad del fenómeno así como posibilidades de prevención de VRASA. (AU)

Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una problemática actual de salud en la población pediátrica / Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A current health problem in the pediatric population

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 resulta de la combinación de resistencia a la insulina junto con inadecuada secreción de la misma. Su etiología es heterogénea, implicándose en los mismos, factores genéticos y ambientales. Su incremento ha sido significativo en las últimas décadas lo cual ha estado aparejado al incremento de la obesidad. Pudiendo existir tres formas de presentación: asintomática, sintomática y cetosis o cetoacidosis. El desarrollo acelerado de las complicaciones está dado por una disminución más rápida y progresiva de la función de las células B que caracteriza esta enfermedad en la edad pediátrica. El tratamiento incluye cambios del estilo de vida, el autocontrol de la diabetes y el tratamiento farmacológico, siendo esencial involucrar a toda la familia en el manejo de este grupo de pacientes. Solo la metformina y la insulina han sido aprobadas para su utilización en este grupo de edad. La prevención es la piedra angular para frenar la oleada de DM2 en niños y adolescentes a nivel internacional. Se basa en la identificación de los individuos en riesgo, diagnóstico precoz de estados prediabéticos y la educación, dirigida a la familia y a la comunidad

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from the combination of insulin resistance along with inadequate secretion of it. Its etiology is heterogeneous, involving genetic and environmental factors. Its increase has been significant in recent decades which has been coupled with the increase in obesity. There may be three forms of presentation: asymptomatic, symptomatic and ketosis or ketoacidosis. The accelerated development of complications is due to a more rapid and progressive decrease in the function of the B cells that characterizes this disease in the pediatric age. The treatment includes lifestyle changes, diabetes self-control and drug treatment, being essential to involve the whole family in the management of this group of patients. Only metformin and insulin have been approved for use in this age group. Prevention is the cornerstone to curb the surge of DM2 in children and adolescents internationally. It is based on the identification of individuals at risk, early diagnosis of prediabetic states and education, aimed at the family and the community

Embarazo Adolescente en Chile: Una mirada a la desigualdad sociodemográfica comunal / Teen Pregnancy in Chile: A look to communal sociodemographic inequality

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública mundial. En Chile no se ha estudiado su asociación a desigualdad y determinantes sociales. Se evaluó la distribución del embarazo adolescente, cuantificó su desigualdad y analizaron los factores socioeconómicos, demográficos y del sistema de salud municipal asociados, por comunas chilenas. Método Se estudió el porcentaje de nacidos vivos de mujeres de 10 a 19 años y la tasa de fertilidad adolescente, por comunas chilenas desde 2008 a 2012. Se midieron los indicadores de desigualdad Gini, Theil, Coeficiente de variación y Razón 90/10. Se evaluó la asociación de la tasa de fertilidad adolescente a características comunales con modelos de datos de panel. Resultados Se observó una disminución en la mediana del embarazo adolescente comunal, con un leve aumento en los indicadores de desigualdad medidos. La fertilidad adolescente se asoció a una mayor dependencia de los recursos municipales a un fondo de redistribución (p<0.01), menor gasto en salud municipal per cápita (p<0.05) y menor tasa de consultas por anticoncepción de emergencia (p<0.05 o p<0.1, dependiendo del modelo). En algunos modelos, se encontró asociación directa a pobreza (p<0.01) y años de vida perdidos (AVPP) (p<0.01), e indirecta a años de escolaridad promedio (p<0.05). Conclusiones Existe una asociación a características socioeconómicas y del sistema de salud municipal que permite proponer una tendencia al alza en la desigualdad en embarazo adolescente, profundizando la desigualdad de oportunidades y la transmisión intergeneracional de la pobreza.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives Teen pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. In Chile, its association to social determinants and inequality has not been well studied. Our objective was to evaluate teen pregnancy distribution, quantify inequality and analyze associated socioeconomic, demographic and municipal health factors, by Chilean communes. Methods We studied the percentage of live births from woman 10 to 19 years old and adolescent fertility rate, from 2008 to 2012, in the 345 communes of Chile. We measured inequality through four indicators: Gini, Theil, Variation coefficient and 90/10 ratio. Using panel data models, we evaluated association of adolescent fertility rate to communes' characteristics. Results We observed a decrease in the communal teen pregnancy median, with a mild raise in inequality indicators. Adolescent fertility was heavily associated to a greater dependence in municipal resources to a redistribution fund (p<0.01), less expense in municipal healthcare per capita (p<0.05) and less emergency contraception consultations rate (p<0.05 or p<0.1, depending on the model built). In some models, we found a direct association to poverty (p<0.01) and years of life lost (YLL) (p<0.01), and indirect to average schooling years (p<0.05). Conclusions Association found to socioeconomic and municipal health characteristics allows proposing that inequality in teen pregnancy by communes in Chile will continue increasing, deepening inequality of opportunity and intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Family educational practices of a group of teenage mothers in the District of Buenaventura, Colombia / Prácticas educativas familiares de un grupo de madres adolescentes del distrito de buenaventura, colombia

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar, a través de sus narrativas, las prácticas educativas familiares cotidianas de un grupo de madres adolescentes afrocolombianas en condición de vulnerabilidad del Distrito de Buenaventura. Este estudio se realizó con un enfoque metodológico cualitativo descriptivo, adhiriéndose al paradigma hermenéutico interpretativo. Participaron siete adolescentes que fueron madres entre los 13 y los 17 años. La selección de la muestra se realizó de manera no probabilística, por conveniencia; asimismo, la recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Entre los hallazgos más significativos de la investigación se encontró que la práctica autoritaria es la más utilizada por estas madres para educar a sus hijos. Sin embargo, no se regían por una única práctica, pues oscilaban entre las democráticas y las permisivas. Para las madres adolescentes del estudio, las ayudas iniciales de las redes de apoyo familiar fueron de suma importancia, ya que las percibían como fundamentales para su desempeño como madres. En consecuencia, se invita a crear nuevas estrategias de implementación de prácticas educativas familiares acordes a la cultura y al contexto de las madres adolescentes, lo que facilita el ejercicio de su maternidad en consonancia con sus realidades.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods a group of African-Colombian teenage mothers use to raise and educate their children. The sample group lives in the District of Buenaventura-Colombia, and is considered to live under vulnerable conditions. The methodological approach was qualitative-descriptive, following the hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm. The sample was non-probabilistic, by choice. Seven teens, which became pregnant between the ages of 13 and 17, were interview for this purpose. The most significant finding suggests that the practice used the most by these mothers is the authoritarian type. Although, they alternated it with the democratic and permissive types too. It was found that for these moms it was extremely important the assistance and advice they received from family support teams in order to fulfil their role as new parents. In consequence, it is advised to create new strategies and support groups that will facilitate the child raising practices of teenage families in this region, according to their cultural background and context.

The nutritional status of Filipino pregnant adolescents 14 to 19 years old in a tertiary hospital

@#<p><strong>Objectives.</strong> 1) To determine the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Philippine General Hospital Teen Mom Clinic from February to July 2014; 2) To describe the demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, and lifestyle and health habits of adolescent mothers; 3) To describe the adequacy of the daily intake of nutrients (caloric energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, folate, calcium, and iron) of adolescent mothers; and 4) To determine the association of specific demographic characteristics with body mass index categories.</p><p><br /><strong>Methods.</strong> This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Included were the pregnant adolescents aged 14 to 19 years of age, referred to the Teen Mom Clinic, who planned to deliver at the Philippine General Hospital. Informed consent and assent forms were signed, and the principal investigator interviewed the subjects for demographic and clinical history at the time of enrolment. The adolescents were taught and instructed to fill up the food diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and the food frequency (once) forms. These were submitted on their next visit and given to a licensed nutritionist for analysis. The nutritional status was assessed by gathering the weight and height of the patients in order to compute for the body mass index at the time of enrolment in the study.</p><p><br /><strong>Results.</strong> The percentage distribution of nutritional status of pregnant adolescents consisted of the following: 65% normal; 28% underweight; 3.5% overweight; 3.5% obese. The 60 pregnant adolescents had a mean age of 16.9 years (SD 1.2). Their partners had a mean age of 20.3 years [SD 3.8]. On the average, they had a total of five pre-natal checkups. Majority of the respondents (85%) still depended primarily on their parents for financial support. Around 93% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Their median percent adequacy for daily calories was 72%, carbohydrates 69%, proteins 73%, and fats 86%. For the micronutrients, the median percent adequacies for folate, calcium, and iron, based on the needs of pregnant women, were 18%, 63%, and 29%, respectively. If amounts were compared to the requirements by age, the median adequacies of intake were 27%, 50%, and 41%, respectively. The nutritional status was not found dependent on the age, educational attainment, number of siblings, and the monthly family income of the respondents.</p><p><br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Only 65% of the pregnant adolescents had normal nutritional status. There was still an elevated level of malnutrition among pregnant adolescents as shown in this study: 28% were underweight, 3.3% were overweight, and another 3.3% were obese.</p>

Necesidades psicosociales y características de una intervención online para apoyar a las madres adolescentes / Psychosocial needs and characteristics of an online intervention to support adolescent mothers

OBJETIVO: Identificar las necesidades de las madres adolescentes chilenas y las características de un servicio para apoyarlas. MÉTODOS: Se condujo un estudio cualitativo, utilizando grupos focales y entrevistas con madres adolescentes del área sur oriente de Santiago de Chile. Se realizó un análisis temático utilizando el programa Atlas.ti versión 6. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron tres grupos focales (n=22) y siete entrevistas con madres adolescentes. El principal tema emergente fue la necesidad de incorporar intervenciones basadas en Internet para apoyar a las adolescentes. De acuerdo a las participantes, la intervención debe incluir acceso inmediato a información (específica para el embarazo y habilidades parentales), apoyo de pares y continuidad del cuidado. CONCLUSIÓN: Las madres adolescentes tienen necesidades particulares y estas pueden ser cubiertas por un espacio virtual seguro que entregue información, apoyo profesional y de pares continuo. Nuevas intervenciones deben incluir en su diseño las características tecnológicas nativas de este grupo y utilizarlas para apoyar a las madres adolescentes de manera efectiva.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the needs of teen mothers in Chile and the characteristics of a service to tackle them. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with teen mothers in the South East area of Santiago, Chile. Thematic analysis was conducted assisted by Atlas.ti version 6. RESULTS: Three focus groups (n=22) and seven interviews with teen mothers were conducted. The main emerging theme was the need to incorporate Internet-based interventions to support teen mothers. According to the participants, the intervention should include immediate access to information (tailored for pregnancy and parenting skills), peer support, and continuity of care. CONCLUSION: Teen mothers have particular needs and these could be address by providing a safe and virtual space to access information, continuous professional and peer support. New interventions should include within their design the IT- native characteristics of this group and use them to reach teen mothers effectively.

Educación para la salud con adolescentes: un enfoque desde la pedagogía social en contextos y situaciones de vulnerabilidad / Health education adolescents and approach from Social pedagogy, in contexts of vulnerability

Resumen Enmarcados en el contexto actual de globalización existen múltiples factores sociales, económicos, culturales, de política pública y comunicación, los cuales pueden afectar el bienestar del individuo y la colectividad. Es así, como la realidad contemporánea posiciona a los adolescentes como un grupo atáreo de interés particular para las organizaciones internacionales y de control; quienes lo perciben como una figura vulnerada, que demanda atención social y de salud; a su vez representa el futuro de la comunidad. En este sentido, la educación permite crear estrategias de alto rendimiento para la salud. Por medio de intervención educativa, desde el ámbito social y comunitario, se alfabetiza en salud; recurriendo a la pedagogía social, ciencia que brinda por medio de la ASC (animación sociocultural) estrategias para el empoderamiento en la salud de la sociedad. El concepto de educación para la salud no es nuevo. Es un constructo que se ha modificado acorde con las necesidades del individuo en el contexto social; han surgido divergencias en relación con el campo de acción de este; justamente, en muchos casos no existe una sistematización y organización de la misma. De la misma manera, falta realizar seguimiento o evaluación a las actividades relacionadas con la promoción; se debe evidenciar mayores resultados en relación con las intervenciones que han surgido desde las diferentes disciplinas. Ha existido un desinterés relacionado con la promoción, se ha enfatizado más a los aspectos relacionados con la atención y tratamiento, lo cual ha llevado no solo al aumento en la morbilidad, sino a la crisis económica la que se encuentra el sector salud por costos incalculables del tratamiento y control de las enfermedades crónica.

Abstract Within the current context of globalization, there are multiple social, economic, cultural, communication and health policy factors that affect the well-being of each individual and of the community. Contemporary reality positions adolescents as a group of activities of particular interest to international and control organizations; Is conceived as a violated figure, which demands social and health care; In turn represents the future of the community. In this sense, education allows the creation of high performance strategies for health. Through educational intervention, from the social and community level, literacy in health; Using social pedagogy, a science that provides through the ASC (sociocultural animation) strategies for empowerment in the health of society. The concept of health education is not new. It is a construct that has been modified according to the needs of the individual in the social context, have emerged divergences in relation to the field of action of this, precisely in many cases there is no systematization and organization of it. In the same way, there is no need to follow up or evaluate the activities related to the promotion, it is necessary to show greater results in relation to the interventions that have arisen from the different disciplines. There has been a lack of interest related to the promotion, has been emphasized more to the aspects related to care and treatment, leading not only to the increase in morbidity, but to the economic crisis that the health sector is incalculable costs of treatment and Control of chronic diseases.

A ruptura social infantojuvenil e sua inferência nas representações de conselheiros tutelares / The youth social rupture and its inference in the representations of tutelary counselors / La ruptura social infantil-juvenil y su inferencia en las representaciones de consejeros tutelares

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo introduz o tema das representações de conselheiros tutelares com o objetivo de ampliar a compreensão do universo desses atores sociais e conhecer as suas implicações sobre a dinâmica do seu processo de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado no município de Coronel Vivida, Paraná, no ano de 2013. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário semiestruturado e entrevista informal, e o material foi tratado pela técnica de análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados mostram que as percepções dos conselheiros tutelares transcorreram pelo reconhecimento de alguns aspectos terminantes e inerentes à sua práxis, como a impotência diante dos perturbadores cenários sociais a que são expostos, adjudicada à restrição do alcance de sua atuação vinculada a entraves estruturais das redes vigentes de proteção social e à baixa adesão da população ao seu processo de trabalho. Evidenciam também uma satisfação arraigada nos desdobramentos laborais concluídos e naqueles que inferem positivamente sobre a violência infanto-juvenil. Esse contentamento, por sua vez, é considerado combustível para o desenvolvimento de suas competências profissionais. As considerações apreendidas no presente estudo ratificam a presença de gradações relevantes, inerentes ao processo relacional do conselheiro tutelar em seu ambiente de trabalho, corroborando o reconhecimento de parâmetros norteadores da relação intersubjetiva conselheiro tutelar e práxis social.

Abstract This qualitative study introduces the theme of the tutelary counselors' representations to broaden the understanding of these social players' universe and to get to know their implications regarding the dynamics of their work process. The study was conducted in the city of Coronel Vivida, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in 2013. A semi-structured questionnaire and an informal interview were used to collect the data, and the material was treated using the Collective Subject Discourse analysis technique. The results show that the tutelary counselors' perceptions went through the recognition of a few peremptory aspects inherent to their practice, such as impotence in the face of the disturbing social scenarios to which they are exposed, along with the restriction of the scope of their action linked to structural barriers in the existing social protection networks, in addition to the population's low levels of adherence to their work process. They also reveal a deep-seated satisfaction in the developments of work they have done and that which has a positive impact on juvenile violence; this satisfaction, in turn, is considered as fuel for the development of their professional skills. The considerations this study captured confirm the presence of relevant gradations inherent in the relational process of the tutelary counselors in their work environment, supporting the recognition of the guiding parameters of the intersubjective relationship between the tutelary counselor and the social praxis.

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo introduce el tema de las representaciones de consejeros tutelares con el objetivo de ampliar la comprensión del universo de estos actores sociales y conocer sus implicaciones sobre la dinámica de su proceso de trabajo. El estudio se realizó en el municipio de Coronel Vivida, en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, en el año de 2013. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado y entrevista informal, y el material se trató mediante la técnica de análisis del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los resultados muestran que las percepciones de los consejeros tutelares transcurrieron por el reconocimiento de algunos aspectos terminantes e inherentes a su praxis, como la impotencia frente a los perturbadores escenarios sociales a que están expuestos, atribuida a la restricción del alcance de su actuación vinculada a obstáculos estructurales de las redes vigentes de protección social y a la escasa adhesión de la población a su proceso de trabajo. Ponen de manifiesto también una satisfacción arraigada en los desdoblamientos laborales concluidos y en aquellos que infieren positivamente sobre la violencia infantil-juvenil, y esta satisfacción, a su vez, se considera combustible para el desarrollo de sus competencias profesionales. Las consideraciones aprendidas en el presente estudio ratifican la presencia de graduaciones relevantes, inherentes al proceso de relación del consejero tutelar en su ambiente de trabajo, corroborando el reconocimiento de parámetros orientadores de la relación intersubjetiva consejero tutelar y praxis social.

Percepción de prácticas de crianza: análisis confirmatorio de una escala para adolescentes / Perception of parenting practices: confirmatory analysis of a scale for adolescents

Resumen Las prácticas de crianza parentales son significativas en etapas tempranas del desarrollo. En la adolescencia, aunque existe influencia de otros ámbitos sociales, estas prácticas aún continúan teniendo un papel significativo. El diseño y la construcción de instrumentos de medición para estas prácticas de crianza en adolescentes se han caracterizado por la complejización de variables. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo elaborar y aportar evidencias de validez estructural de la Escala de Percepción de Prácticas de Crianza para Adolescentes (Flores et al., 2010), en una muestra conformada por 623 adolescentes de Mérida, Yucatán, de entre 12 y 18 años (51.8% mujeres y 48.2% hombres). Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron ajustes significativos (X 2 = 1,423.049, gl = 374, p = 0.000; CFI = 0.916, GFI = 0.917, TLI = 0.909, RMSEA = 0.049, RMR = 0.055) en un modelo de tres dimensiones: afectividad (a = 0.93), control (a = 0.81) y apoyo (a = 0.62), con propiedades psicométricas y evidencias de validez estructural significativas. Se reporta que la afectividad y el apoyo se asocian con la percepción de las prácticas de crianza maternas en adolescentes, mientras que la dimensión de control se asocia con las prácticas de crianza paternas.

Abstract The parental parenting practices are significant in the early stages of development. In adolescence, although there is influence from other social spheres, these parental practices still continue to play a significant role. However the design and construction of measurement instruments for these adolescent parenting practices have been characterized by the complexization of variables. This research aims to elaborate and provide evidence of structural validity of the Parenting Perception Scale for Adolescents (Flores et al., 2010) in a sample consisted of 623 adolescents of Mérida, Yucatán, between 12 and 18 years old (51.8% are women, and 48.2% are men)). The results showed that the structural equivalence and confirmatory analyzes obtained significant adjustments (X 2 = 1,423.049, gl = 374, P = .000; CFI = .916, GFI = .917, TLI = .909, RMSEA = .049, RMR = .055) in a three dimensional model: the affectivity dimension (a = 93), the control dimension (a = .81) and the support dimension (a = .62). Psychometric properties and evidence of significant structural validity in the scale were found. It is reported that the affective dimension and the support dimension are associated with the perception of maternal parenting practices in adolescents, while the control dimension is associated with perception of parental parenting practices.