Improving breastfeeding among adolescent mothers: a prospective cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months, and mother's age impact early weaning. Educational support and relevant information can increase breastfeeding rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antenatal education enhances the maintenance, intention, and confidence in breastfeeding among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study involving primiparous adolescents who gave birth at the Woman's Hospital (CAISM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Adolescent mothers were categorized into two groups based on the location of prenatal care: those at the Woman's Hospital (WH) who received antenatal education, and at the Primary Care (PC) who did not receive antenatal education. All adolescents received breastfeeding orientation during their postpartum hospital stay. The groups were compared using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test. Log-binomial models were used to compare the groups at different time intervals. RESULTS: The study included 132 adolescents: 59 in the WH group and 73 in the PC group. Six months postpartum, adolescents in the WH group demonstrated higher engagement in breastfeeding (P < 0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.04) than PC group. PC group showed greater lack of confidence in breastfeeding (P = 0.02) and felt less prepared (P = 0.01). Notably, all WH adolescents reported a stronger desire to breastfeed after antenatal education. CONCLUSION: Antenatal education significantly improves the maintenance, intention, and confidence of breastfeeding among adolescents. This education approach can be implemented across all healthcare levels and should be made accessible to all women throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Percepções de mães adolescentes acerca das expectativas e experiências da maternidade na adolescência / Perceptions of teenage mothers about the expectations and experiences of motherhood in adolescence

Conhecer as percepções das mães adolescentes sobre a gravidez na adolescência é importante subsídio para uma abordagem efetiva e integral pelos profissionais de saúde e para políticas de saúde. O estudo analisou as percepções de mães de 15 a 19 anos que frequentaram a Unidade Básica de Saúde em Divinolândia-SP para realização do pré-natal entre janeiro de 2016 à outubro de 2017. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando amostragem por exaustão. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, e o material tratado por análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Foram identificadas 5 categorias de análise: (1) gravidez planejada durante a adolescência; (2) imaginário e realidades da gravidez na adolescência; (3) modificação dos projetos de vida; (4) motivação para a gravidez associada ao desejo de mudança de vida e fuga e (5) rede de apoio e proteção. As adolescentes relataram os desafios da maternidade e surpreenderam-se frente a uma realidade distinta da qual imaginavam, com modificação nos projetos de vida, no entanto as mães se confortaram perante o apoio social e familiar recebido, e apresentaram formas de lidar com as dificuldades e complexidades inerentes à maternidade. Os resultados deste estudo podem colaborar com programas de saúde que visem não só prevenir a gravidez não planejada, como também oferecer suporte à adolescente e apoiar o período puerperal, visto que é sentido como um período crítico na vida das mães.

It is relevant to know the perceptions of adolescent mothers about teenage pregnancy because it is a support for an effective and comprehensive approach by health professionals and health policies.The study analyzed the perceptions of mothers aged 15 to 19 years old who attended the Basic Health Unit in Divinolândia-SP for prenatal care, between January 2016 and October 2017. The qualitative research was carried out through 17 semi-structured interviews, using exhaust sampling. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the material was treated by content analysis in the thematic mode. Five categories of analysis were identified: (1) intended pregnancy during adolescence; (2) imaginary and realities of teenage pregnancy; (3) modification of life projects; (4) motivation for pregnancy associated with the desire for life change and escape and (5) support and protection network. Adolescents reported challenges and were surprised by a reality different from what they imagined, with changes in life projects, however, mothers were comforted by the social and family support received, and presented ways of dealing with the inherent difficulties and complexities of motherhood. The results of this study can collaborate with health programs, which aim not only to prevent unintended pregnancy, but also to support adolescents and support the puerperal period, as it is felt as a critical period in the lives of mothers.

Infección del tracto urinario y amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes de un Hospital peruano / Urinary Tract Infection And Threatened Preterm Delivery In Teenage Pregnancies Of A Peruvian Hospital

Introducción: La amenaza de parto pretérmino puede causar desenlaces graves, por lo que es necesario evaluar sus determinantes. Objetivo: Determinar si la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es un factor asociado a amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes del hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles. Conformado por gestantes adolescentes internadas en el servicio de ginecobstetricia del hospital Sergio E. Bernales en 2018-2019. Se calcularon los OR crudos y ajustados para los posibles factores con fusor es en base a modelos de regresión logística. Considerándose el valor p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo de regresión logística ajustado mostraron que la amenaza de parto se asoció significativamente con la ITU (OR=2,68, IC 95%: 1,3­5,3) y con la presencia de ruptura prematura de membranas (OR=15, IC 95%: 5,9­37,9). Conclusión: La infección del tracto urinario es un factor asociado a la amenaza de parto pretérmino en gestantes adolescentes.

Introduction: The threatened preterm delivery can cause serious outcomes, so it is necessary toevaluate its causes. Objective: to determine if urinary tract infection (UTI) is a factor associated withthe threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teenages at the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019.Methods: Observational analytical case-control study. The study included pregnant teenages admittedto the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Hospital Sergio E. Bernales 2018 ­ 2019. Crude andadjusted ORs were calculated for possible confounding factors based on logistic regression models.Considering the p <0.05 value as significant. Results: The median age was 18 years. The results ofthe adjusted logistic regression model were that the threatened preterm delivery had a significantassociation with UTI (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.3­5.3) and RPM (OR = 15, 95 CI. %: 5.9­37.9). Conclusion:Urinary tract infection is a factor associated with the threatened preterm delivery in pregnant teens.

Embarazo Adolescente en Chile: Una mirada a la desigualdad sociodemográfica comunal / Teen Pregnancy in Chile: A look to communal sociodemographic inequality

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública mundial. En Chile no se ha estudiado su asociación a desigualdad y determinantes sociales. Se evaluó la distribución del embarazo adolescente, cuantificó su desigualdad y analizaron los factores socioeconómicos, demográficos y del sistema de salud municipal asociados, por comunas chilenas. Método Se estudió el porcentaje de nacidos vivos de mujeres de 10 a 19 años y la tasa de fertilidad adolescente, por comunas chilenas desde 2008 a 2012. Se midieron los indicadores de desigualdad Gini, Theil, Coeficiente de variación y Razón 90/10. Se evaluó la asociación de la tasa de fertilidad adolescente a características comunales con modelos de datos de panel. Resultados Se observó una disminución en la mediana del embarazo adolescente comunal, con un leve aumento en los indicadores de desigualdad medidos. La fertilidad adolescente se asoció a una mayor dependencia de los recursos municipales a un fondo de redistribución (p<0.01), menor gasto en salud municipal per cápita (p<0.05) y menor tasa de consultas por anticoncepción de emergencia (p<0.05 o p<0.1, dependiendo del modelo). En algunos modelos, se encontró asociación directa a pobreza (p<0.01) y años de vida perdidos (AVPP) (p<0.01), e indirecta a años de escolaridad promedio (p<0.05). Conclusiones Existe una asociación a características socioeconómicas y del sistema de salud municipal que permite proponer una tendencia al alza en la desigualdad en embarazo adolescente, profundizando la desigualdad de oportunidades y la transmisión intergeneracional de la pobreza.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives Teen pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. In Chile, its association to social determinants and inequality has not been well studied. Our objective was to evaluate teen pregnancy distribution, quantify inequality and analyze associated socioeconomic, demographic and municipal health factors, by Chilean communes. Methods We studied the percentage of live births from woman 10 to 19 years old and adolescent fertility rate, from 2008 to 2012, in the 345 communes of Chile. We measured inequality through four indicators: Gini, Theil, Variation coefficient and 90/10 ratio. Using panel data models, we evaluated association of adolescent fertility rate to communes' characteristics. Results We observed a decrease in the communal teen pregnancy median, with a mild raise in inequality indicators. Adolescent fertility was heavily associated to a greater dependence in municipal resources to a redistribution fund (p<0.01), less expense in municipal healthcare per capita (p<0.05) and less emergency contraception consultations rate (p<0.05 or p<0.1, depending on the model built). In some models, we found a direct association to poverty (p<0.01) and years of life lost (YLL) (p<0.01), and indirect to average schooling years (p<0.05). Conclusions Association found to socioeconomic and municipal health characteristics allows proposing that inequality in teen pregnancy by communes in Chile will continue increasing, deepening inequality of opportunity and intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Family educational practices of a group of teenage mothers in the District of Buenaventura, Colombia / Prácticas educativas familiares de un grupo de madres adolescentes del distrito de buenaventura, colombia

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar, a través de sus narrativas, las prácticas educativas familiares cotidianas de un grupo de madres adolescentes afrocolombianas en condición de vulnerabilidad del Distrito de Buenaventura. Este estudio se realizó con un enfoque metodológico cualitativo descriptivo, adhiriéndose al paradigma hermenéutico interpretativo. Participaron siete adolescentes que fueron madres entre los 13 y los 17 años. La selección de la muestra se realizó de manera no probabilística, por conveniencia; asimismo, la recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Entre los hallazgos más significativos de la investigación se encontró que la práctica autoritaria es la más utilizada por estas madres para educar a sus hijos. Sin embargo, no se regían por una única práctica, pues oscilaban entre las democráticas y las permisivas. Para las madres adolescentes del estudio, las ayudas iniciales de las redes de apoyo familiar fueron de suma importancia, ya que las percibían como fundamentales para su desempeño como madres. En consecuencia, se invita a crear nuevas estrategias de implementación de prácticas educativas familiares acordes a la cultura y al contexto de las madres adolescentes, lo que facilita el ejercicio de su maternidad en consonancia con sus realidades.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods a group of African-Colombian teenage mothers use to raise and educate their children. The sample group lives in the District of Buenaventura-Colombia, and is considered to live under vulnerable conditions. The methodological approach was qualitative-descriptive, following the hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm. The sample was non-probabilistic, by choice. Seven teens, which became pregnant between the ages of 13 and 17, were interview for this purpose. The most significant finding suggests that the practice used the most by these mothers is the authoritarian type. Although, they alternated it with the democratic and permissive types too. It was found that for these moms it was extremely important the assistance and advice they received from family support teams in order to fulfil their role as new parents. In consequence, it is advised to create new strategies and support groups that will facilitate the child raising practices of teenage families in this region, according to their cultural background and context.

Embarazo adolescente en un Hospital de Paraguay durante el 2011 / Teen pregnancy in a Hospital in Paraguay in 2011

Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas del embarazo adolescente en el Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico de casosconsecutivos, con revisión de historias clínicas de las embarazadas adolescentes que acudieron al Hospital Regional deCoronel Oviedo, Paraguay entre los meses enero y diciembre del año 2011.Resultados: Se incluyeron 167 historias clínicas de mujeres embarazadas adolescentes, las cuales representaron el 40,7%de todos los partos asistidos durante el año 2011. La franja etaria estuvo comprendida entre 13 y 19 años, con un promediode edad de 17,47 ± 1,42. El 64,1% fueron de procedencia urbana. El 86,8% no usaba anticonceptivos y el 50,9% tenían unaunión libre. Las complicaciones observadas fueron: ruptura prematura de membrana en el 10,2%, infección de las víasurinarias en el 8,4% y óbito fetal en el 0,6% de los casos.Conclusión: La prevalencia de embarazo adolescente en este estudio fue de 40,7%; la mayoría de las mujeres no usabaningún método anticonceptivo. La complicación más frecuente en este tipo de embarazo fue la ruptura prematura demembrana.

Objective: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of teenage pregnancy in the Regional Hospital of Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay. Material and Methods: Descriptive, observational cross-sectional study with consecutive non-probability sampling of cases, review of medical records of pregnant teenagers who attended the Regional Hospital of Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay between january and december 2011. Results: 167 medical records of pregnant adolescents were included, which accounted for 40.7% of all births attended in 2011. The age range was between 13 and 19 years, with an average age of 17.47 ñ 1.42. 64.1% were of urban origin. 86.8% did not use contraception and 50.9% had a free union. The observed complications were: premature rupture of membrane at 10.2%, urinary tract infection at 8.4% and fetal death in 0.6% of cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in this study was 40.7%; most women did not use any contraceptive method. The most common complication in this type of pregnancy was premature rupture of membrane.

Comportamiento Sexual en Universitarios con Historia de Embarazo: Papel de la Intención de Usar y Negociar el Condón con la pareja

El propósito del presente estudio fue comparar el patrón de comportamiento sexual, conocimientos sobre VIH/ITS/uso correcto del condón, estilos de negociación del preservativo e intenciones para usar condón en universitarios quienes han tenido y no un embarazo. Se evaluaron 197 universitarios a través de un cuestionario de auto reporte, 50% informó haber tenido un embarazo alguna vez. Los resultados muestran que el patrón de comportamiento sexual es de mayor riesgo para quienes informaron precedente de embarazo. La intención de usar condón en el próximo encuentro sexual ­ en varones- fue menor y el estilo de negociación del condón basado en la acomodación fue mayor ­en mujeres- quienes informaron haber estado embarazadas alguna vez. Finalmente, se muestran las correlaciones halladas entre las variables. Se discute la importancia del perfil de riesgo que presentan los universitarios con precedente de embarazo y la necesidad de diseñar programas de prevención diferenciados por sexo.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the sexual behavior pattern, knowledge of HIV/STD, proper condom use, condom use negotiation styles and condom use intentions in undergraduates who have or do not have a pregnancy history. We evaluated 197 undergraduates through a self-reporting questionnaire, 50% reported having been pregnant. The results show that the sexual behavior pattern is riskier for those who reported having a pregnancy history. The intention of using a condom on the next sexual encounter was lower on men and the negotiation style based on mutual adjustment was higher on women who reported having been pregnant. Finally, the correlations found between the variables are shown. The risk profile importance of undergraduates who have a pregnancy history and the need to design prevention programs differentiated by sex is discussed.

Las necesidades de las adolescentes madres en el contexto educativo: un estudio de caso en una institución de educación pública / The needs of teenage mothers in the educational context: a case study in an institution of public education

Resumen:Introducción.El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública que debe ser subsanado en las generaciones presentes a partir de la educación en salud. La Enfermería no debe mostrarse ajena a este proceso, sino que debe ser sensible a las necesidades tanto de las adolescentes en riesgo como de las adolescentes embarazadas, motivo por el que en esta investigación se planteó como pregunta ¿cuáles son las necesidades surgidas en el ámbito educativo en las adolescentes embarazadas?Método.Se diseñó un estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la técnica de grupo focal en el que participaron tres adolescentes madres. El análisis se realizó desde una perspectiva interpretativa.Resultados.Los principales resultados evidenciaron necesidades personales como uniformes que se ajusten a sus cambios físicos, necesidades de infraestructura como sillas y pupitres adecuados, un espacio específico para la lactancia, tiempo para ver a su hijo o hija y adecuación de los horarios de clase.Conclusión.Se concluye que la implementación de las políticas públicas favorecerá el respeto de los derechos de las adolescentes madres en aspectos personales, académicos y de infraestructura.

Abstract:Introduction.The teenage pregnancy is a public health problem that should be remedied in the present generation from health education. Nursing cannot ignore this process but must be sensitive to the needs of at-risk adolescents and pregnant teenagers. Therefore, this research was to answer what are the needs arising in the field of education in pregnant teens?Method.We designed a qualitative, phenomenological study. Data were collected by the technique of focus group involving three teenage mothers. The analysis was carried out from an interpretive perspective.Results.The main results showed personal needs like uniforms that meet their physical, infrastructure needs such as adequate chairs and desks, a specific space for breastfeeding, time to see your child and adequacy of class schedules.Conclusión.It is concluded that the implementation of public policies promotes respect for the rights of teenage mothers in personal, academic and infrastructural aspects.

A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia

Objective: To summarise the published research on teenage pregnancy in Malaysia, discuss the impact of the findings on clinical practice, and identify gaps in teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. Methods: There were 31 articles related to teen pregnancy found after searching a database dedicated to indexing all original clinical research data published in Malaysia from year 2000 to 2014. Twenty-seven articles (including reports from the National Obstetrics Registry) were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. This literature review has been divided into eight sections: epidemiology, age at first marriage, adolescent fertility rate, unmarried childbearing, risk factors, maternal risks and neonatal outcome, future plan after delivery, and contraceptive use. Results: More than 19,000 births to teenage mothers were recorded each year between 2009 and 2011. Adolescent fertility rates were recorded at 6 births per 1000 women ages 15–19 years in 2013. Many of these births were from unwed pregnancies, which accounted for 1.99% of total deliveries. A majority of young mothers were willing to take care of their baby, although some of them planned to put their baby up for adoption. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy were found to be similar to those published in studies worldwide. Conclusion: More research is needed to better understand the issue of teen pregnancy. For the best results, collaborative studies among nationwide hospitals and institutions should be the way forward.

A descriptive study of the socio-demographic determinants influencing adolescent pregnancy in Shimoga Town, Karnataka.

Background: Young age at pregnancy carries significant risk for the mother and baby, adding to the burden of maternal and child mortality. Aims & Objective: (1) To study the socio-demographic factors influencing adolescent pregnancy; (2) To take an account of the awareness among women about the right age for child-bearing. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based study was undertaken during September to December 2013 among mothers attending the antenatal clinic, in Mc Gann Hospital, Shimoga. The study group comprised of 214 mothers aged 15–18 years. Data was collected about the socio-demographic variables, tabulated on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed using EpiInfo application. Results: All women were married. The mean age at marriage was 17.4 years, and mean interval between marriage and conception was 1 year. All were primigravids. 185 (86%) women were 18 years old and 29 (14%) were 17 years old. 15 (7%) women were married at 16 years, 92 (43%) at 17 years and 107 (50%) at 18 years. Non-consanguineous marriages were 122 (57%), while 92 (43%) were consanguineous. 172 (80%) women were Hindu, 34 (16%) were Muslim and 8 (4%) were Christian. 107 (51%) women belonged to socio-economic Class V, 22 (10%) to Class IV, and 37 (18%), 24 (11%) and 21 (10%) to classes III, II and I respectively. 75 (35%) women discontinued education after 10th standard and 100 (47%) before 10th standard. 39 (18%) studied up to the Pre-University course. Reasons cited were marriage by 41 (19%), poverty by 62 (29%) and 111 (52%) for disinterest. Among the husbands, 4 (2%) had never been to a school, 131 (61%) studied up to 9th standard, 60 (28%) quit after 10th standard and 19 (9%) studied beyond 10th standard, which included 4 graduates. 77 (36%) women were of first birth order of their mothers, while 80 (37%) of birth order 2. Anemia was detected in 128 (60%), 7 had bronchial asthma and 3 had congenital cardiac valve diseases. 17-19 years was the common age at pregnancy in the community and families of 188 (88%) women. 26 (12%) women said that the common age at first pregnancy was above 20 years in their community. 60 (28%) were forced into wedlock. 17 (8%) admitted were facing domestic pressure. 167 (78%) preferred to have the first child delivered before 19 years, 26 (12%) said after 20 years of age and 21 (10%) after 22 years. 126 (59%) women said early pregnancy is good, 56 (26%) took the opposite stand and 31 (15%) women were indifferent. 205 (96%) women were aware about contraception, but practice was zero. None had received sex education. Conclusion: Observations throw light on the fact that knowledge about the risks involved in adolescent pregnancy is lacking among the adolescent mothers. Contraception is not being practised. Also, the average educated and adequately aware women, were falling preys to poverty, traditions and domestic pressure, when it came to deciding the right age for child-bearing.

Baixo peso ao nascer de recém-nascidos de adolescentes das capitais do nordeste brasileiro / Low birth weight in newborns of adolescent mothers in the state capitals of the brazilian northeast region

Introdução: O baixo peso ao nascer tem grande importância epidemiológica, visto que é indicador isolado mais significante da morbimortalidade infantil. O estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco associados à gravidez na adolescência como determinantes do Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN) nas capitais da região Nordeste. Métodos: O estudo epidemiológico foi do tipo transversal, foram coletados dados de 15670 Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DN) através do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) no período de 2006 a 2010, nas capitais nordestinas, identificando a prevalência e avaliando os fatores de risco para BPN. Resultados: A prevalência do BPN foi de 16,5% entre as adolescentes estudadas, tendo risco maior para BPN os filhos de adolescentes mais jovens 10-14 anos (OR: 1,56), solteiras (OR: 1,25), sem nenhuma consulta pré-natal realizada (OR: 4,57) e neonatos portadores de anomalia congênita (OR: 3,29). O nascimento pré-termo apresentou-se como desfecho de maior risco (OR: 27,86) entre 32 e 36 semanas a atingir razão mais expressiva entre os nascidos de 22 a 27 semanas (OR: 362,77). Conclusão: O risco para nascimentos de baixo peso foi maior em mães mais jovens, solteiras, que não realizaram consulta pré-natal com parto pré-termo. É evidente que o correto preenchimento e utilização fornecem subsídios para obtenção de diagnóstico de saúde e, consequentemente, possíveis implementações de estratégias que reduzam a prevalência de nascimento de baixo peso em filhos de adolescentes, além de ações que permitam avaliação e melhoria da qualidade de vida do binômio mãe adolescente e filho (AU)

Introduction: Low birth weight is of great epidemiological importance, considering that it is the most significant single indicator of infant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with teenage pregnancy as determinants of low birth weight (LBW) in the state capitals of the northeast region. Methods: In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, data of 15,670 live births (LB) certificates were collected from the Live Births Information System (SINASC) database for the 2006-2010 period in the Brazilian northeast capitals, in order to identify the prevalence and risk factors for LBW. Results: The general prevalence of LBW was 16.5%, with higher LBW risk for children of adolescents who were younger (10-14 years of age, OR: 1.56), unmarried (OR: 1.25), without prenatal care (OR: 4.57), and for neonates with congenital anomalies (OR: 3.29). Preterm birth was found to be an outcome of increased risk (OR: 27.86) between 32 to 36 weeks gestational age, achieving a more significant ratio among those born with 22-27 weeks (OR: 362.77). Conclusion: The risk for low birth weight was higher in younger single mothers who did not have pre-natal care and with preterm childbirth (AU)

Grado de instrucción de embarazadas adolescentes / Educational status of pregnant teenagers

Objetivo: Identificar el grado de instrucción de las embarazadas adolescentes del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) de Lima; 2012. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por las embarazadas adolescentes del INMP; extrayéndose una muestra de 90 embarazadas adolescentes. La técnica fue de documentación y se analizaron los datos cuantitativamente usando los programas Microsoft Excel 2010 y SPSS 19. Resultados: De las 90 embarazadas adolescentes, el 45,20% tiene una Secundaria Incompleta. El 69,54% se encontraba entre los 17 y 19 años. El 66,10% eran convivientes y el 37.78% provino del cono Este de Lima. Conclusión: Se identificó que el 53,8% de las embarazadas adolescentes, tienen un nivel educativo bajo y el 44% de las embarazadas adolescentes restantes se encuentran entre los grados de instrucción "Secundaria Completa", "Superior" y "Técnico".(AU)

Objetive: To identify educational status of pregnant teenagers from National Maternal Perinatal Institute of Lima; 2012.Materials and Methods: It is observational, descriptive, and transversal. The population were the pregnant teenagers of the INMP; extracting a sample of 90 pregnant teenagers. The technique was documentation and the data was analyzed using the programs Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 19. Results: From 90 pregnant teenagers, the 45.20% have an Incomplete Secondary. The 69.54% was found between the ages of 17 and 19 years old. The 66.10% have the status of connivance and the 37.78% came from the East of Lima. Conclusion: We identify that the 53.8% of the pregnant teenagers from the total, have a low educational level. At this way, the 44% of the rest were found between the educational status "Complete Secondary", "Higher Education" and "Technical Studies".(AU)

Dimensiones de educación integral en sexua - lidad para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia / Dimensions of integral sexual education for the prevention of teenage pregnancy / Dimensões da educação sexual integral para a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência

[{"text": "El presente artículo es el resultado de un trabajo de revisión de tema basado en los hallazgos de dos estudios cuali\r\n-\r\ntativos descriptivos exploratorios acerca del embarazo en adolescentes, desarrollados en la línea de investigación \r\nAdolescentes del grupo Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad El Bosque entre \r\n2010 y 2012. En el primer estudio se preguntó por las condiciones psicosociales que interactuaron para el embarazo \r\nen esa etapa de su vida a un grupo de adolescentes ­mujeres y hombres­ que esperaban su primer hijo o hija. En el \r\nsegundo, se identificaron las necesidades de educación integral en sexualidad para prevenir el embarazo en la adoles\r\n-\r\ncencia; dichas necesidades fueron reportadas por un grupo de adolescentes, madres de familia y expertos en salud \r\nsexual y reproductiva. Los resultados de estas dos investigaciones generaron las categorías que orientaron la revisión \r\nde las dimensiones fundamentales para la educación integral en sexualidad desde la niñez para la prevención del \r\nembarazo en la adolescencia que se exponen en el presente artículo.", "_i": "es"}, {"text": "This article is a review of two qualitative descriptive \r\nstudies about teenage pregnancy, developed in the \r\nResearch Teen Line, by the Sexual and Reproductive \r\nHealth Group, in the Nursing Faculty at the El Bosque \r\nUniversity between 2010 and 2012. In the first study we \r\ncontemplated the psychosocial conditions that interacted \r\nto pregnancy in a group of teenagers ­females and males­ \r\nwho were expecting their first son / daughter, in the \r\nsecond, the needs of integral sexual education were iden\r\n-\r\ntified, in order to prevent teenage pregnancy; those were \r\nreported by a group of teenagers, mothers and experts \r\nin sexual and reproductive health. The results of these \r\ntwo investigations generated the categories that guided \r\nthe revision of the fundamental aspects for an integral \r\nsexual education since childhood, to prevent teen preg\r\n-\r\nnancy and are presented in this article.", "_i": "en"}, {"text": "Este artigo é o resultado de uma revisão da questão que \r\nse baseia nas conclusões de dois estudos exploratórios \r\ndescritivos qualitativos sobre a gravidez na adolescên\r\n-\r\ncia, desenvolvidas na Linha de Pesquisa do Adolescente,\r\npelo Grupo de Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva na Facul\r\n-\r\ndade de Enfermagem na Universidade El Bosque, entre \r\n2010 e 2012. No primeiro estudo foi-se investigado as \r\ncondições psicossociais que interagiram a gravidez num \r\ngrupo de adolescentes ­homens e mulheres­ que estavam \r\nesperando seu primeiro filho / filha. No segundo estudo, \r\nas necessidades da educação sexual foram identificadas, \r\nem ordem de prevenir a gravidez da adolescente; e essas\r\nnecessidades foram relatadas por um grupo de adolescentes,\r\nmães e especialistas em saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Os\r\nresultados dessas duas investigações geraram as categorias\r\nque orientaram a revisão dos aspectos fundamentais\r\npara a educação integral em sexualidade desde a infância \r\npara a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência que é apresentado neste artigo.", "_i": "pt"}]

Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in youth: a community prevention evidence-based program in Texas, USA / Infecciones de transmisión en la juventud: un programa de prevención comunitario basado en la evidencia, en Texas EEUU

Teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to be a major health, social and financial problem across the country, and especially in Texas. While national research has shown that abstinence education is not working, the Texas Legislature, Texas School System and the Lubbock community still require “Abstinence-Only” education. The current paper is based on a community prevention evidence-based program in Lubbock, Texas entitled “Teen Straight Talk” (TST, 2007). TST is designed to educate and provide information on the topics of body image, teen and peer pressure, depression and suicide, along with understanding sexuality and how the body works, abstinence, contraception, teenage pregnancy, STDs, protection and sexual responsibility. The program reduces barriers between adults and parents and the youth they care for. TST is a joint effort among faculty, undergraduate and graduate students from Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and community partners. Empirical data has been collected since 2008 to fulfill the program main goals: a) Understand parent’s knowledge and attitudes on sexual development as well as increase awareness of needs and benefits of comprehensive sexual education programs for parents and adolescents; b) Train volunteer students to promote healthy teenage sexual development in the Lubbock Community, c) Deliver comprehensive, medically, psychologically and sociologically correct sexual education to families and teenagers concerning risk and protective factors related to sexual activity. Empirical and social implications of TST are discussed.

El embarazo juvenil y las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) continúan siendo un problema de salud, económico y social de índole mayor en Estados Unidos particularmente en Texas. Mientras evidencia empírica a nivel nacional demuestra que la educación basada en abstinencia no funciona, la legislatura en Texas, el sistema educativo en las escuelas y en las comunidades de Texas aun requieren que se utilicen los programas de “Solo-Abstinencia.” Este artículo esta basado en un programa comunitario de prevención basado en evidencia empírica en Lubbock, Texas llamado “Teen Straight Talk” (TST, 2007). TST fue diseñado para educar y proveer información sobre los temas de imagen corporal, presión de pares y adolescentes, depresión y suicidio, en conjunto con el desarrollo sexual y el entendimiento acerca de cómo funciona nuestro cuerpo, abstinencia, métodos anticonceptivos, embarazo juvenil, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, protección y responsabilidad sexual. El programa intenta reducir las barreras entre adultos y padres de familia y sus hijos adolescentes, y se ha implementado en ingles y español. TST es un esfuerzo conjunto entre investigadores, estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado en Texas Tech University y Texas Tech University Ciencias de la Salud y líderes comunitarios. Desde el 2008, datos empíricos han sido recolectados para evaluar las metas del proyecto: a) Entender el conocimiento y las actitudes de los padres acerca del desarrollo sexual y a la vez informar acerca de la necesidad y los beneficios de los programas comprensivos de educación sexual para padres y adolescentes, b) Entrenar estudiantes voluntarios para promover la salud y el desarrollo sexual de los adolescentes en la comunidad de Lubbock

El papel de los estresores y las condiciones de estado civil para explicar la depresión y el estrés en adolescentes gestantes / The role of stressors and conditions of marital status to explain the stress and depression in pregnant teenagers

Este estudio identicó la relación entre depresión, estrés y número de estresores enfrentados por adolescentes primigestas bajo distintas condiciones de estado civil. Correspondió a un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio; la muestra estuvo compuesta por 82 adolescentes primigestas entre 15 y 19 años, a quienes se les aplicaron el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, la Escala de Estrés Percibido y el Cuestionario de Sucesos Vitales. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales indicaron que la condición de estado civil, el tipo de embarazo y los estresores relacionados a nanzas, hijos y situaciones sociales, son factores que explican el 64% de la varianza de estrés, así como el 71% de la depresión en las adolescentes primigestas.

This study aimed to identify the relationship between depression, stress and the number of stressors faced by pregnant teenagers under different conditions of marital status. This was a non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study. The sample consisted of 82 rst-time pregnant teenagers, who responded to the assessment instruments: Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Life Events Questionnaire. Using structural equation models we found that the condition of marital status, pregnancy type, and stressors related to nances, children and social situations are factors that explain 64% of the variance in stress and 71% for depression in rst-time pregnant teenagers.

Significado da gravidez para a adolescente quilombola: um olhar etnográfico da enfermagem / Meaning for pregnancy: looking for nursing ethnografhic teenage / Significado de quilombolas embarazo en la adolescencia: una mirada etnografico por enfermería

Desde as últimas décadas, a gravidez na adolescência constitui um fenômeno de repercussão mundial, que vem aumentando progressivamente. Isto decorre de múltiplos fatores, entre os quais o desconhecimento dos métodos contraceptivos e a vulnerabilidade causada pela fase de crise da adolescência, decorrentes de fatores psicossociais. Contudo, faz-se necessário considerar a história e a cultura onde a mulher está inserida para se compreender o significado da gravidez. O estudo tem por objetivo geral: analisar o significado da gravidez para a adolescente quilombola e os objetivos específicos: identificar fatores que influenciam a gravidez; descrever a experiência e apreender o significado da gestação para a adolescente quilombola. O método escolhido para este estudo foi a etnografia, considerando que possibilita a compreensão das relações socioculturais. O Lócus do estudo foi Ilha de Maré, localizada na parte central da Baía de todos os Santos e próxima ao Porto de Aratu, Salvador (BA). A população de estudo foi composta por sete adolescentes grávidas na faixa etária entre os 10 e os 19 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: formulário, entrevista etnográfica, observação a história de vida. A partir da leitura e compreensão dos discursos das adolescentes nas entrevistas foram construídas estruturas de significância para analisar o significado da gravidez para a adolescente quilombola, a saber: Sentimentos expressos ao descobrir a gravidez; A gravidez modificando o cotidiano; Descoberta da gravidez; Relação familiar e cotidiano da gestante adolescente; Perspectivas da gestante adolescente. A gravidez para as adolescentes de ilha de Maré se mostrou a partir de um conjunto de significados construídos no seio do contexto cultural das gestantes adolescentes, imbuídos de valores, tradições e costumes, considerando-se a situação de submissão à desfavorável condição sócioeconômica.(AU)

Perfil sociodemográfico e econômico de pais adolescentes / Perfil sociodemográfico y económico de padres adolescentes / Sociodemographic and economic profile of teenage fathers

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, que objetivou traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e econômico de pais adolescentes vinculados a puérperas adolescentes internadas em um hospital de referência para gestações de alto risco, no município de João Pessoa-PB. O estudo foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. A amostra foi constituída de 10 pais adolescentes entre 16 e 19 anos. São resultados: 40% declararam ser pardos, 60% não concluíram o ensino fundamental, 70% trabalham. Todos afirmaram manter vínculo conjugal com a companheira, sendo que apenas 40% moram exclusivamente com a puérpera e o filho e 90% vivem com menos de um salário mínimo. Conclui-se que é indispensável a construção de um lugar social para a paternidade, sobretudo a paternidade adolescente. É preciso lembrar que a gravidez adolescente não é um evento exclusivamente feminino e que não haverá efetiva resolução se não for dada maior atenção ao gênero masculino.

The present article aims at delineating the sociodemographic and economic profile of teenage fathers linked to puerperal teenagers at a referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. It results from a descriptive study with quantitative approach, developed from December 2008 to November 2009. The sample consisted of 10 teenage fathers aged from 16 to 19. Among them, 40% declared themselves to be mulattos, 60% did not conclude basic education, and 70% of them stated they have a job. All of them stated they maintained a marital bond with their consorts, but only 40% of them lived exclusively with their consorts and their children. Furthermore, 90% of the interviewees live with less than one minimum wage. Conclusions show it is critical to build a social place for fatherhood, specially the teenage type. It is necessary to enhance that teen pregnancy is not an exclusively female event, and if males do not receive more attention, there will be no effective resolutions.

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativa, que tuvo como objetivo trazar el perfil sociodemográfico y económico de padres adolescentes vinculados a puérperas adolescentes internadas en un hospital de referencia para gestaciones de alto riesgo en el municipio de João Pessoa- PB - Brasil, en el periodo de diciembre de 2008 a noviembre de 2009. La muestra fue constituida por 10 padres adolescentes entre 16 y 19 años. Son resultados: 40% declararon ser pardos, 60% no habían concluido la enseñanza fundamental, 70% trabajaban. Todos afirmaron mantener vínculo conyugal con la compañera, de los cuales apenas 40% vivían exclusivamente con la puérpera y el hijo, 90% vivían con menos de un salario mínimo. Se concluye que es indispensable la construcción de un lugar social para la paternidad, sobretodo para la paternidad adolescente. Es preciso recordar que el embarazo adolescente no es un evento exclusivamente femenino y que no habrá mayores resoluciones si no es dada mayor atención al género masculino.

Evaluando el conocimiento de menores de edad sobre drogas y alcohol, abuso sexual infantil, violencia intrafamiliar en infecciones de transmisión sexual: el caso de la Escuela Estados Unidos de América / Assessing knowledge of underage drug and alcohol, child sexual abuse, domestic violence in sexually transmitted infections: the case of the U.S. School

Se realizó un trabajo con niños de cuarto grado de una escuela pública para evaluar el conocimiento de los mismos en temas considerados trascendentales en la época actual: drogas y alcohol, abuso sexual infantil, violencia intrafamiliar y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Con base en los datos obtenidos se concluyó que había serias deficiencias en cuanto a conceptos básicos que se aclararon mediante talleres, los cuales fueron realizados en diciembre del año dos mil nueve y que permitieron retomar dudas importantes reconocer de primera mano las graves falencias en la formación educativa que presentan, en áreas vitales como abuso sexual, abuso de drogas y violencia intrafamiliar...