Tendencias de la formación profesional pedagógica y científico-investigativa en enfermeros y tecnólogos de la salud / Tendencies in pedagogic and scientific-investigative professional training in nurses and health technologists i: en

Introducción: El aumento de los conocimientos científicos y sus aplicaciones tecnológicas repercuten en un conjunto de esferas de la vida, particularmente la educativa. Objetivo: Analizar las principales tendencias de la formación pedagógica y científico- investigativa en los profesionales de enfermería y tecnología de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educativo, descriptivo, de corte longitudinal y prospectivo, que incluyó a 45 docentes de la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Salud de Santiago de Cuba vinculados al proceso docente-educativo, desde septiembre del 2021 hasta julio del 2022, para lo cual se utilizaron métodos teóricos y prácticos. Resultados: En la serie predominaron los docentes formados en el sector de la salud (93,3 %) en relación con los graduados por el Ministerio de Educación Superior (6,7 %). Todos habían recibido preparación pedagógica y científico-investigativa, pero consideraban que aún era insuficiente su arsenal pedagógico. Conclusiones: La integración de la docencia con la asistencia y la investigación fue la tendencia más evidente en los integrantes de la casuística.

Introduction: The increase in scientific knowledge and its technological implementations has an effect on a group of spheres of life, particularly education. Objective: To analyze the main tendencies of the pedagogic and scientific - investigative training in nursing and health technology professionals. Methods: An educational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out that included 45 professors from the Health Nursing-Technology Faculty of Santiago de Cuba, linked to the teaching educational process from September, 2021 to July, 2022, for which theoretical and practical methods were used. Results: In the series, there was a prevalence of the professors trained in the health sector (93.3%) in connection with those graduated from the Ministry of Higher Education (6.7%). All of them had received pedagogic and scientific-investigative training, but they considered that their pedagogical arsenal was still insufficient. Conclusions: The integration of teaching with attendance and research was the most evident tendency in members of the case material.

El efecto de la desvinculación moral sobre el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso y otros comportamientos disruptivos en niños(as) y adolescentes. Una revisión de la literature / The Effect of moral disengagement on bullying, cyberbullying, and other disruptive behaviors in children and adolescents. A review of the literatura

Resumen Introducción: Un creciente número de estudios han demostrado vínculos consistentes entre la teoría de la desvinculación moral de Bandura y los comportamientos disruptivos e inhumanos. Recientemente se han explorado las relaciones directas e indirectas de la desvinculación moral con el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso y otros comportamientos agresivos en niños(as) y adolescentes, lo cual amerita una revisión de los principales hallazgos. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura y evidencia empírica sobre el efecto de la desvinculación moral en la participación de niños(as) y adolescentes en el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso y otros comportamientos agresivos. Método: Se trató de un estudio de revisión documental. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en la Web of Science. Se incluyeron 45 estudios empíricos para el análisis. Resultados: Se encontró que la desvinculación moral y sus diferentes estrategias sociocognitivas tienen efectos directos e indirectos que predicen la participación de niños(as) y adolescente en el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso, comportamientos agresivos y antisociales. Adicionalmente, la empatía, las relaciones de amistad, la crianza, las tendencias prosociales, la ira y los rasgos insensibles-no emocionales son factores que, en conjunto, contribuyen al desarrollo, mantenimiento o disminución de conductas de acoso y ciberacoso. También se reportó que los hombres presentan una mayor tendencia que las mujeres al acoso escolar, el ciberacoso, la agresión y uso de la desvinculación moral. Conclusiones: Se señala la importancia de los procesos de cognición moral para el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención psicoeducativa y psicosocial destinadas a prevenir y reducir el acoso y ciberacoso en niños(as) y adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction: A growing number of studies have demonstrated consistent links between Bandura's moral disengagement theory and disruptive and inhumane behaviors. The direct and indirect relation- ships of moral disengagement with bullying, cyberbullying, and other aggressive behaviors in children and adolescents have recently been explored, ensuring a review of key findings. Objective: To review the literature and empirical evidence on the effect of moral disengagement on children's and adolescents' engagement in bullying, cyberbullying, and other aggressive behaviors. Method: This was a documentary review study. The literature search was carried out in the Web of Science. Forty-five empirical studies were included for analysis. Results: Were found that moral disengagement and its different socio-cognitive strategies have direct and indirect effects that predict child and adolescent involvement in bullying, cyberbullying, aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Additionally, empathy, friendship relationships, parenting, prosocial tendencies, anger and callous-unemotional traits are factors that together contribute to the development, maintenance or decrease of bullying and cyberbullying behaviors. It was also reported that males present a greater tendency than females to bullying, cyberbullying, aggression, and use of moral disengagement. Conclusions: The importance of moral cognition processes for the development of psychoeducational and psychosocial intervention strategies aimed at preventing and reducing bullying and cyberbullying in children and adolescents is pointed out.

Tendencias históricas del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en la formación médica en Cuba / Historical tendencies concerning the Health Situation Analysis within medical training in Cuba

Introducción: El Análisis de la Situación de Salud es un instrumento científico metodológico. Objetivo: Determinar las tendencias históricas del desarrollo de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en la formación médica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en la universidad médica avileña en septiembre/2020-junio/2021. Los métodos teóricos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo facilitaron el conocimiento de la evolución y el desarrollo del objeto investigado, revelar sus antecedentes, las etapas en su devenir y sus vínculos históricos esenciales. El análisis documental y la triangulación de fuentes, como empíricos, viabilizaron el análisis crítico de la información. Los tres indicadores construidos fueron: sistematización del contenido, relación interdisciplinar en el plan de estudio y nivel de interacción intercultural estudiante-actor social en la vinculación teórico-práctica del contenido. Se cumplieron los principios éticos. Resultados: El punto de inflexión tendencial fue 1970, cuando se introdujo la asignatura El Hombre y su Medio. Se identificaron cuatro etapas: aproximación (1970-1987), integración (1988-2004), consolidación en la intervención comunitaria (2005-2015) y concreción en el noveno semestre (2016-2021). Los cambios se evidenciaron en el salto cualitativo de cada indicador. Conclusiones: La sucesión de reformas ha proyectado al Análisis de la Situación de Salud como un eje curricular profesional, pero persisten insuficientes nexos interdisciplinares e interculturales para lograr la intervención comunitaria(AU)

Introduction: The health situation analysis is a methodological scientific instrument. Objective: To determine the historical tendencies concerning the development of the teaching-learning of the health situation analysis in medical training. Methods: A pedagogical research was carried out, between September 2020 and June 2021, in the medical university of Ciego de Ávila Province, Cuba. Theoretical methods (historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive) facilitated to know the evolution and development of the investigated object, revealing its antecedents, the stages of its evolution, as well as its essential historical connections. Document analysis and the triangulation of sources, as empirical methods, facilitated the critical analysis of the information. The three indicators constructed were content systematization, interdisciplinary relationship in the study plan, and level of intercultural interaction between student and a social actor in the theoretical-practical connection of the content. Ethical principles were complied with. Results: As a tendency, the turning point was 1970, when a subject was introduced under the name The Man and His Environment. Four stages were identified: approximation (1970-1987), integration (1988-2004), consolidation in community intervention (2005-2015), and concretion in the ninth semester (2016-2021). The changes were evidenced through the qualitative leap in each indicator. Conclusions: The succession of reforms has projected the health situation analysis as a professional curricular axis, but insufficient interdisciplinary and intercultural connections persist, avoiding to achieve community intervention(AU)

Estructuración de la Homeopatía en Brasil: directrices para el entrenamiento y la formación de recursos humanos / Structuring of Homeopathy in Brazil: guidelines for the training and education of human resources

La formación de recursos humanos de elevada cualificación en el área homeopática debe encararse como una de las prioridades para una sólida y definitiva consolidación de la Homeopatía en territorio brasileño. La cuestión de la estructuración de la Homeopatía en Brasil, por su parte, no puede ser convenientemente entendida sin un análisis de los sistemas formadores y captadores de recursos humanos homeopáticos. Es decir, el análisis debe recaer sobre la enseñanza homeopática de graduación y posgrado, pero también sobre las condiciones del mercado de trabajo para el médico homeópata. La reflexión sobre la enseñanza de la Homeopatía, en cambio, conduce inevitablemente al abordaje del problema de la investigación homeopática. Este artículo no tiene la intención de realizar un diagnóstico exhaustivo de la situación de la Homeopatía en lo que se refiere a la enseñanza, la investigación y el mercado de trabajo en Brasil. Sin embargo, a partir de algunos presupuestos y constataciones personales, delinearemos un marco general que permita definir algunas directrices relativas al problema de estructuración de la Homeopatía en Brasil.

The formation of highly qualified human resources in the homeopathic sector must be faced as a priority for a solid and definitive consolidation of Homeopathy in Brazilian territory. On the other hand, the structuring of Homeopathy in Brazil, cannot be conveniently understood without an analysis of both the training and recruiting systems for homeopathic human resources. In other words, the analysis must not only fall upon homeopathic teaching at a postgraduate level, but also the job-market conditions for the homeopathic physician. On the other hand, the reflection upon the teaching of Homeopathy, inevitably leads to an approach to the problem of homeopathic investigation. This article does not have the intention of carrying out an exhaustive diagnosis of the educational, investigational and jobmarket aspects of Homeopathy in Brazil. However, on some based budgets and personnel records, a general framework that will allow the definition of several directives pertaining to the problem of the structuration of Homeopathy in Brazil, will be outlined.

Tendencias Prosociales y su Relación con la Empatía y la Autoeficacia Emocional en Adolescentes en Vulnerabilidad Psicosocial / Prosocial Trends and their Relationship with Empathy and Emotional Self-Efficacy in Adolescents in Psychosocial Vulnerability

Resumen El objetivo consistió en analizar las diferencias de género y la relación entre empatía, autoeficacia emocional y tendencias prosociales en adolescentes que han vivido situaciones de vulnerabilidad psicosocial, ubicados en una institución de protección en Manizales y en tres municipios de Caldas (Colombia). El estudio se realizó con una metodología cuantitativa, diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, alcance descriptivo-correlacional; la muestra fue no probabilística a disponibilidad, conformada por 69 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Se usaron como instrumentos la Escala de Tendencias Prosociales revisada (PTM-R), Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI), y Escala de Autoeficacia para la Regulación Emocional (RESE). El modelo empírico muestra que la expresión de emociones positivas y el manejo de emociones negativas requieren del rol mediador de la empatía, en sus dos componentes, cognitivo y emocional, para explicar las motivaciones prosociales en los adolescentes. Por lo tanto, se concluye que es necesario articular la investigación y la intervención psicosocial y educativa en el estudio y estimulación de la prosocialidad, así como los factores positivamente asociados en poblaciones que han vivido experiencias de vulneración psicosocial.

Abstract The main objective was to analyze gender differences and the relationship between empathy, emotional self-efficacy, and prosocial trends in adolescents who have lived psychosocial vulnerability situations, located in a protection institution in Manizales and three municipalities in Caldas (Colombia). The methodology used was a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, descriptive-correlational scope. The sample was non-probabilistic by availability, composed of 69 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years old. The instruments used were the revised version of the Prosocial Tendencies Scale (PTM-R), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and the Self-efficacy Scale for Emotional Regulation (RESE). As result, the empirical model showed that the expression of positive emotions and the handling of negative emotions require the mediating role of empathy, in its two components, cognitive and emotional, to explain prosocial motivations in adolescents. In conclusion, it is necessary to articulate the research, as well as a psychosocial and educational intervention in the study and stimulation of prosociality, along with positively associated factors in populations that have lived experiences of a psychosocial violation.

Caminhos históricos da regulamentação dos school-based occupational therapists nos Estados Unidos da América / Historical pathways of school-based occupational therapists regulations in United States of America

Resumo Introdução Os Estados Unidos da América (EUA) destacam-se pela quantidade expressiva de terapeutas ocupacionais atuando profissionalmente em escolas e pela produção de regulamentações específicas dessa ação profissional. Este artigo deriva de uma revisão sistemática de mapeamento, por meio da qual reunimos 190 textos em torno da temática "terapia ocupacional e escolas". Destes, 10 eram textos (ensaios teóricos, artigos de reflexão, um documento oficial e um artigo "informativo") que se voltavam para a atuação dos "school-based occupational therapists" (SBOTs). Objetivo Conhecer os caminhos pelos quais a regulamentação dessa atuação profissional ocorreu nos EUA, tomando-se legislações, documentos e publicações. Método Realizou-se uma análise compreensiva das publicações selecionadas (10) e da legislação relacionada reunida (5), consideradas como documentos a serem também descritos, produzindo-se um panorama geral sobre o tema e uma historicização da regulamentação da atuação dos SBOTs no país. Resultados Desde 1986, publicam-se artigos para o debate teórico e a reflexão acerca do desenvolvimento da terapia ocupacional estadunidense nas escolas. A essas, somam-se publicações na direção de constituir fundamentos teórico-práticos, compondo consensos operativos com vistas a viabilizar a contratação do serviço terapêutico-ocupacional nesse setor. Evidenciou-se o papel da associação profissional nacional estadunidense (AOTA), perpassando toda essa construção. Contudo, ao criarem-se determinados consensos, delimitou-se a ação profissional ao campo da deficiência, notadamente voltada a crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão Compreender essa trajetória pode nos inspirar quanto às estratégias eficientes criadas pelos terapeutas ocupacionais nos EUA, não obstante, seja necessário apreender nossas singularidades e construir formas orgânicas de ampliarmos esse campo no Brasil.

Abstract Introduction United States of America (USA) stands out for the expressive number of occupational therapists working in schools and for the production of specific regulations for this professional action. This article derives from a systematic mapping review, in which we collected 190 texts on the theme 'occupational therapy and schools.' Ten of them were related to the SBOTs practice (theoretical essays, reflection papers, one official document, and one 'informative' paper). Objective To know how this professional regulation took place in the USA, taking laws, documents, and publications. Method A comprehensive analysis of the selected publications (10) and the related legislation (5) was carried out, resulting in a general overview of the subject and a historicization of the regulation of the SBOTs in that country. Results Since 1986, articles have been published for the theoretical debate and reflection on the development of USA occupational therapy practices in schools. Also, publications aimed to constitute theoretical-practical foundations, composing operational consensuses to make feasible the contracting of that service in this sector. The role of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) was evident, passing through all this construction. However, when certain consensuses were created, professional action was limited to the field of disability, especially focus on children and adolescents. Conclusion Understanding this trajectory may inspire us about the efficient strategies created by occupational therapists in the USA, nevertheless, it is necessary to apprehend our singularities and to construct organic ways of expanding this field in Brazil.

Clinical profile of dengue fever in children presented at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Dengue fever is a benign syndrome caused by an arthropod-borne virus and is characterized by Biphasic fever, myalgia, and arthralgia, rash, leucopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are a severe, often fatal febrile disease caused by 1 of 4 dengue virus. It is characterized by increased capillary permeability, abnormalities of hemostasis and protein-losing shock syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile, complications and outcome of dengue infection in children.Methods: All children attending the hospital with symptoms and signs suggestive of dengue fever were tested for NS1 antigen and IgM/ IgG dengue antibody serology (depending on the day of fever) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results: Of the 174-dengue serology positive children, fever was the most common major symptom (97.7%) followed by vomiting (85.6%), loss of appetite (81.6%), abdominal pain (77%), body pain/leg pain (62.6%). Severe dengue as per WHO criteria was seen in 29 (16.7%) children. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less 1,00,000) was observed in 82 children (47%), Platelet count less than 20,000 in 8 children (4.5%). Dengue shock syndrome was seen it 26 children (15%). Mortality was nil.Conclusions: In children, if symptoms like fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and body pain are present, a strong possibility of dengue fever is present especially in an epidemic setting. Early suspicion and effective management can reduce the severity.

A comparative study of the physiological and psychological effects of forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on working age people with and without depressive tendencies

BACKGROUND@#In recent years, many of Japanese workers have complained of fatigue and stress, considering them as risk factors for depression. Studies have found that "forest bathing" (Shinrin-yoku) has positive physiological effects, such as blood pressure reduction, improvement of autonomic and immune functions, as well as psychological effects of alleviating depression and improving mental health. In this study, we investigate the physiological and psychological effects of "forest bathing" on people of a working age with and without depressive tendencies.@*METHODS@#We conducted physiological measurements and psychological surveys before and after forest bathing with subjects who participated in day-long sessions of forest bathing, at a forest therapy base located in Hiroshima Prefecture. After excluding severely depressed individuals, the participants were classified into two groups: those with depressive tendencies (5 ≤ K6 ≤ 12) and those without depressive tendencies (K6 < 5) for comparative study. The evaluation indices measured were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), autonomic functions, and profile of mood states (POMS).@*RESULTS@#Of the 155 participants, 37% had depressive tendencies, without any differences observed between males and females. All participants showed significant decrease in SBP, DBP, and in negative POMS items after a forest bathing session. Before the session, those with depressive tendencies scored significantly higher on the POMS negative items than those without depressive tendencies. After forest bathing, those with depressive tendencies demonstrated significantly greater improvement in many of POMS items than those without depressive tendencies, and many of them no longer differed between those with and without depressive tendencies.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Examining the physiological and psychological effects of a day-long session of forest bathing on a working age group demonstrated significant positive effects on mental health, especially in those with depressive tendencies. Not applicable; this is not a report of intervention trial.

Trabalho social cubano e tendências teóricas atuais / Cuban social work and current theoretical trends

Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar as tendências teóricas do trabalho social cubano a partir do início da transição socialista na Ilha (janeiro de 1959). Para tanto, recupera aspectos da história mais recente deste país e situa a importância do movimento 26 de julho (M-26-7) que lutou contra a ditadura de Fulgencio Batista que culminou como a transição socialista e a reestruturação do trabalho social em Cuba. Destaca, ainda, as principais inspirações teórico-políticas que têm orientado o sentido do trabalho social cubano nos últimos 25 anos, suas diversas tendências, seus elementos constituintes, suas teses centrais. Analisa, por fim, com base nesse estudo, os limites e as potencialidades para consolidar uma formação universitária profissional crítica na Ilha, fiel à tradição socialista nela construída e caudatária de suas experiências militantes e progressistas.

This paper considers the theoretical tendencies of Cuban Social Work from the beginning of the socialist transition in the island (January 1959). For this purpose, revisits aspects of recent Cuban history, locates the importance of the 26 of July movement (M-26-7) which fought Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and culminated with socialist transition and the reorganization of Social Work in Cuba. The paper also emphasizes the most important theoretical inspirations which oriented Cuban social work in the last 25 years, its various tendencies, its constitutive elements and central theses. Finally, based on its findings, the paper analyses the limits and potentialities for the consolidation of a critical professional social work university education in the island, aligned to its socialist tradition and in the light of its progressive militant experiences.

Tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no brasil e regiões no período de 2000-2014 / Suicide mortality trends in brazil and regions between 2000 and 2014 / Tendencia de mortalidad por suicidio en brasil y sus regiones en el período de 2000-2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no Brasil e regiões no período de 2000 a 2014. É um estudo ecológico de série temporal que analisou os óbitos por suicídio (X60-84) registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. As taxas de mortalidade padronizadas foram analisadas pela regressão Joinpoint, de acordo com o sexo e região geográfica. Foram registrados 144.848 óbitos no período, na razão de sexos de 4:1. Apresentou aumento mais intenso para o sexo feminino (APC = 1,2% IC95% 1,0-1,3) do que para o sexo masculino (APC = 0,5% IC95% 0,4-0,7). Houve tendência de aumento significativo para o sexo masculino nas regiões Sudeste (APC = 0,9%), Norte (APC = 2,3%) e Nordeste (APC = 8,2%), tendo esta região apresentado estabilidade a partir do ano de 2005. Para o sexo feminino, na região Sudeste (APC = 2%). Essa tendência se repete para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, tendo estas apresentado joinpoints para o ano 2002, mantendo a tendência de aumento, porém de maneira moderada. Existe uma tendência de aumento da mortalidade por suicídio no Brasil, sendo esta mais intensa entre as mulheres, além de estar desigualmente distribuído entre as regiões brasileiras.

We analyze the trend of suicide mortality in Brazil and regions from 2000 to 2014. This ecological series study verified suicide deaths (X60-84) recorded in the Mortality Information System. Standardized mortality rates were analyzed by Joinpoint regression and analyzed according to gender and geographic region. There were 144,848 deaths in the period, with a sex ratio of 4:1. It presented a more intense increase for females (APC = 1.2% CI95% 1.0-1.3) than for males (APC = 0.5% CI95% 0.4-0.7). There was a significant increase in males in the Southeast (APC = 0.9%), North (APC = 2.3%) and Northeast (APC = 8.2%) of 2005. For females of the Southeast Region (APC = 2%). This trend is also observed in the North and Northeast regions, with these presenting joinpoints in 2002, moderately maintaining the growing trend. Conclusions: there is a trend of growing suicide mortality in Brazil, which is more intense among women, in addition to being unequally distributed among Brazilian regions.

El presente artículo pretende analizar la tendencia de mortalidad por suicidio en Brasil y sus regiones en el período de 2000 a 2014. Se utilizó como método el estudio ecológico de serie temporal para analizar las muertes por suicidio (X60-84) registradas en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas fueron analizadas por la regresión Joinpoint según el sexo y la región geográfica. Se registraron 144.848 muertes en el período, en la proporción por sexos de 4:1. Hubo un incremento de las muertes para el sexo femenino (APC = 1,2% IC95% 1,0-1,3) mayor que para el sexo masculino (APC = 0,5% IC95% 0,4-0,7). Se observó una tendencia de aumento significativa para el sexo masculino en la región Sudeste (APC = 0,9%), Norte (APC = 2,3%) y Nordeste (APC = 8,2%), y esta región presentó estabilidad a partir del año 2005. Para el sexo femenino, la región Sudeste (APC = 2%). Esta tendencia se repite en las regiones Norte y Nordeste, con joinpoints para el año 2002 que mantuvieron la tendencia de aumento, pero de manera moderada. Se concluye que existe una tendencia de aumento de la mortalidad por suicidio en Brasil, siendo más alta entre las mujeres, además está desigualmente distribuida entre las regiones brasileñas.

Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of hysterical tendencies in adolescents from three eastern Chinese provinces

BACKGROUND@#Few studies have attempted to compare the differences in the prevalence and impact factors of hysterical tendencies (HTs) in adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescents' HTs across three eastern Chinese provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang).@*METHODS@#A multicenter, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in three provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) in China in 2014. The sample included 10,131 middle-school students aged 13-18 years who were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage appraisal procedure was used to determine the adolescents' HTs. We also designed a multicenter, school-based, case control (1329 cases with 2661 control individuals) study to collect data on the common factors affecting this population using a common protocol and questionnaire.@*RESULTS@#An overall positive rate of HTs among adolescents across the three eastern Chinese provinces studied was found at 13.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5-13.8%), at 14.5% (95% CI 13.3-15.7%) for females, and at 12.2% (95% CI 11.1-13.4%) for males. Gender-stratified, multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that superstitious beliefs pertaining to life, somatotype, teacher-student satisfaction, and family achievement orientation were significantly linked to HTs only in males, while left-behind adolescents, emotional and social adaptation, teacher-student support, family cohesion, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression scores were significantly associated with female HTs only. The models indicated that of all the independent variables studied, family medical history was the strongest impact factor for both male HTs (adjusted matched odds ratio (amOR) = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.84-4.86) and female HTs (amOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.59-4.98).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HTs are prevalent among adolescents in the three eastern Chinese provinces studied. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of HTs are significant in adolescents, and HTs seem to affect more females than males. Therefore, sex-specific intervention programs against HTs in adolescents should be considered to reduce HT prevalence in adolescents by modifying influential social, school, and family factors.

An approach between tools for the analysis of tendencies and business innovation management

Currently, there is a number of tools which allow analyzing information-based behavioral patterns; in the specific case of this article, the analysis of tendencies will be highlighted not only as a tool to predict the behavior of prices in order to measure and process financial market information but also, in a wider standpoint, to take tendencies as a tool to analyze the behavior of certain elements within a specific environment and period of time. Accordingly, the article is intended to set the theoretical, conceptual, and contextual basis necessary to perform the analysis of tendencies through the combination of a monitoring system and an observatory intended to organize, quantify, process, and use information as an indispensable element to implement innovation in the business field

Existen en la actualidad herramientas que permiten analizar patrones de conducta o actuación basados en información, en el caso particular de este artículo, se resaltará el análisis de tendencias no como una aquella herramienta con la cual se puede predecir el comportamiento de precios para medir y procesar información de los mercados financieros; sino que, y en un sentido más amplio, se toman las tendencias como aquellas que analizan el comportamiento de ciertos elementos en un entorno y período determinado. En este sentido, se busca establecer los fundamentos teóricos, conceptuales y contextuales suficientes para el análisis de tendencias mediante la combinación de un sistema de vigilancia y un observatorio que permitan organizar, cuantificar, procesar y disponer de información como elemento indispensable para implementar innovaciones en el ámbito empresarial

Existem na atualidade ferramentas que permitem analisar padrões de conduta ou atuação baseados em informação, no caso particular deste artigo, se ressaltará a análise de tendências não como uma aquela ferramenta com a qual se pode prever o comportamento de preços para medir e processar informação dos mercados financeiros; senão que, e em um sentido mais amplo, se tomam as tendências como aquelas que analisam o comportamento de certos elementos em um entorno e período determinado. Neste sentido, se busca estabelecer os fundamentos teóricos, conceituais e contextuais suficientes para a análise de tendências mediante a combinação de um sistema de vigilância e um observatório que permitam organizar, quantificar, processar e dispor de informação como elemento indispensável para implementar inovações no âmbito empresarial

Hordas, masas y asociaciones. La disposición originaria y la política en el pensamiento de Freud / Hordes, masses and associations. The original disposal and the politicos in Freud's thought

Este artículo propone una caracterización del pensamiento político freudiano en base a un trabajo con sus "textos sociales". Dos ejes organizan la indagación: el primero es ubicar cómo sitúa las tendencias que, existiendo de un modo larvario, producen el malestar en la cultura. El segundo eje busca situar qué tarea entiende Freud sería necesaria para la cultura ante dichas tendencias. Se propondrá que el énfasis del pensamiento freudiano sobre la política está puesto en la necesidad de permanencia.

This article proposes a characterization of Freud\'s political thought after analyzing his "social texts". Two axis organize the inquiry: the first one is to locate how he places the tendencies that exists in a larval mode, producing discontents on the civilization. The second axis seeks to place how Freud understands what task would be necessary for culture facing these trends. It will be proposed that the emphasis of freudian thought on politics is on the need for permanence.

El registro y la medición de la criminalidad. El problema de los datos faltantes y el uso de la ciencia para producir estimaciones en relación con el homicidio en Colombia, demostrado a partir de un ejemplo: el departamento de Antioquia (2003-2011) / Criminality registration and measurement. The problem of missing data, and the use of science to produce estimations relating to homicide in Colombia, as demonstrated with an example from one of its administrative and political divisions: the Department of Antioquia (2003-2011) / O registro e a medição da criminalidade. O problema dos dado faltantes e o uso da ciência para produzir estimativas com relação ao homicídio na Colômbia, demonstrado a partir de um exemplo: o departamento de Antioquia (2003-2011)

La integridad del ciclo de políticas públicas depende de la calidad de la información disponible para tomar decisiones en cualquiera de las fases. De manera preocupante, este ciclo -especialmente en el campo de la política criminal- se aparta del análisis técnico, que debería basarse en prueba empírica y sustento teórico. Este artículo retoma ejes clásicos (pero olvidados) de la medición de la criminalidad, con el propósito de resaltar la función esencial de datos confiables en el ciclo de políticas públicas. Brinda un análisis del proceso de registro y medición del crimen, y destaca los problemas y límites de cualquier ejercicio de registro delictivo. Resalta la necesidad de examinar el universo de lo desconocido por los diversos proyectos de registro, y explica las herramientas que se utilizan para dar cuenta de datos faltantes. Con el fin de ilustrar el potencial de la aplicación de estas herramientas en Colombia, ilustra los resultados del registro integrado de homicidios en el departamento de Antioquia, en el período 2003-2011, según cinco proyectos de registro (incluyendo el de la Policía Nacional), y presenta una estimación probabilística de los homicidios, que incorpora el cálculo de los datos faltantes según un técnica que se denomina Estimación por Sistemas Múltiples (ESM).

The integrity of the public policy cycle depends upon the quality of information available to make decisions in any of the relevant phases. In a disturbing manner, this cycle -and particularly in the field of criminal policy- diverges from the technical analysis that should be based on empiric proof and theoretical justification and support. This article retakes classical -though forgotten- axes of criminality measurement, for the purpose of stressing the essential function of reliable data in the public policy cycle. It offers an analysis of the registration and measurement process, and highlights both problems and limits involved in any crime registration exercise. It points out the need to examine the universe of what has been ignored in the diverse registration projects, and explains the tools used to account for the missing data. In order to illustrate the potential involved in the application of these tools in Colombia, it exemplifies the results found in the integrated homicide record keeper in one of the Colombian 32 administrative and political divisions: the Department of Antioquia, in the 2003-2011 period, pursuant to five registration projects (including that of the National Police); and it offers a probabilistic estimation of homicides incorporating the calculation of missing data, according to a technique known as the Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE).

A integridade do ciclo de políticas públicas depende da qualidade da informação disponível para fazer decisões em qualquer uma das fases. De maneira preocupante, este ciclo - especialmente no campo da política criminal - afasta-se da análise técnica, que teria que ser baseada no teste empírico e no apoio teórico. Este artigo retoma eixos clássico (mas esquecidos) da medição da criminalidade, a fim de enfatizar a função essencial de dados fiáveis no ciclo de políticas públicas. Oferece uma análise do processo do registo e medição do crime, e destaca os problemas e os limites de todo o exercício do registo criminal. Resalta a necessidade para examinar o universo do desconhecido pelos diversos projetos de registo, e explica as ferramentas que são usadas para apresentar os dados faltantes. A fim de ilustrar o potencial da aplicação destas ferramentas na Colômbia, ilustra os resultados do registro integrado dos homicídios no departamento de Antioquia, no período 2003-2011, de acordo com cinco projetos de registro (incluindo aquele da Polícias Nacional), e apresenta uma estimativa probabilística dos homicídios, que incorpora o cálculo dos dados faltantes de acordo com uma técnica chamada estimativa por múltiplos sistemas.

Ordem cultural e desenvolvimento local participativo: estrutura para a prática do terapeuta ocupacional / Cultural order and participatory local development: structure for the occupational therapist practice

A Ordem Cultural é compreendida como a expressão de um jogo de determinações de interdependências entre grupos sociais locais e globais, pares identificados pelas produções, valores e comportamentos que orientam de forma consciente os projetos de vida e a expansão das liberdades de um coletivo. A partir de uma pesquisa em Ciências Sociais e com marcos teóricos de Nobert Elias e Amartya Sen, este artigo objetiva apresentar uma estrutura teórico-prática da abordagem em desenvolvimento local participativo ­ DLP para o terapeuta ocupacional em torno da construção de projetos de vida coletiva, para que operacionalize na prática a questão comunitária, compreendida como as forças que singularizam a participação. Discute-se o uso da abordagem em DLP para o terapeuta ocupacional em uma estrutura flexível, que visa garantir o seu domínio, a Ocupação Humana, e o conjunto de intervenções, Tecnologias, sustentadas no manejo das atividades da vida cotidiana.A abordagem em desenvolvimento local participativo se apresenta como um importante arcabouço estrutural para ações comunitárias, e cabe ao terapeuta ocupacional ser um articulador das dimensões da Ordem Cultural local, para agenciar com a população-alvo de seu trabalho processos de continuidade em projetos de vida coletiva e de expansão de liberdades.

The Cultural Order is understood as the expression of a game of interdependencies determinations between local and global social groups, pairs identified by productions, values and behavior that consciously guide the life projects and the expansion of a collective freedom. Based on a Social Science research and with theoretical mark of Nobert Elias and Amartya Sen, this article aims to present a theoretical-practice structure of the approach in participatory local development- PLD to the occupational therapist surround by the construction of collective life projects, in order to operationalize in the practice of the community question, understood as the strengths that singularize the participation. We discuss the use of the PLD approach to the occupational therapist in a flexible structure, aiming to guarantee its domain, the Human Occupation, and the set of interventions, technologies, sustained in the management of the activities of daily living. The approach in participatory local development presents itself as an important structural outline to the community actions, and it is the occupational therapist role to be an articulator of the Local Cultural Order dimensions, to deal with the target population their work processes of continuity in collective life projects and expansion of freedom.

Factor de riesgo suicida según dos cuestionarios, y factores asociados en estudiantes de la universidad nacional de Colombia sede Manizales / Suicide risk factors measured with two questionnaires, and associated factors among students of the universidad nacional de Colombia of Manizales

Objetivo: Determinar el factor de riesgo (FR) suicida según dos cuestionarios y factores asociados que presentan los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Manizales (Caldas, Colombia) en la jornada diurna. Materiales y métodos: La investigación fue de tipo corte transversal; la población estuvo constituida por 255 estudiantes de 3 facultades de la Universidad. Resultados: Prevalencia de riesgo suicida: 6,7 %, según Plutchik; 19,7 %, según Beck. Buena funcionalidad familiar: 39,8 %. Depresión ausente: 55,7 %. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el FR suicida, según Plutchik, y factores como el género, el gusto por el metal y la balada, la práctica de un deporte, hacer aeróbicos, la presencia de cuadros depresivos y la funcionalidad familiar. Según Beck, dichos factores son género musical metal, depresión y funcionalidad familiar. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de riesgo suicida en esta población es inferior a la encontrada en otros estudios en poblaciones similares.

Objective: to determine suicide risk and other related factors according to two surveys conducted at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia of Manizales (Caldas, Manizales). Materials and Methods: cross-sectional design with 255 students of 3 programs of the Universidad Nacional. Results: prevalence of suicide tendency according to Plutchik: 6,7 %; according to Beck: 19,7 %. Good family functioning: 39,8 %; absent depression: 55,7 %. A significant correlation was found between suicide risk factor (Plutchnik) and gender, metal musical, exercise, depression, and family functioning. According to Beck, these factors are metal musical gender, depression and family functioning. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicide risk in this population is below the average when compared to other research.

Um panorama sobre as variações em torno do conceito de medicalização entre 1950-2010 / An overview of the variations surrounding the concept of medicalization between 1950 and 2010

Este artigo analisa a pertinência do conceito de medicalização, para a análise sóciocultural, partindo de críticas na literatura internacional surgidas na década de 2000. Essas críticas apontam a excessiva generalidade do termo, que passou a abranger situações diversas, perdendo parte de sua acurácia analítica. Analisaremos alguns dos sentidos possíveis do termo medicalização, tais como: 1) as estratégias massivas de sanitarização da população; 2) a transformação de comportamentos considerados desviantes em doenças; 3) a ação do controle e imperialismo médico; 4) a participação de atores fora do campo da medicina. A partir desses diferentes usos, apontaremos a necessidade de uma transitividade do conceito, ou seja, que se especifiquem os sentidos que são a ele atribuídos por ocasião de sua utilização - do contrário, haveria uma perda de precisão teórica que retiraria do conceito sua possível utilidade para a análise social.

This article examines the pertinence of the concept of medicalization for socio-cultural analysis. The study is based on the criticism which emerged in the international literature between 2000 and 2010. The criticism stressed the excessive generality of the expression that encompasses different situations and thereby loses its analytical precision. The main meanings of the term medicalization are examined, namely 1) the major strategies of hygienization of the population; 2) the transformation of behavior considered deviant into disorders; 3) control strategies and the medical imperative; 4) the participation of non-medical actors. Based on the different meanings of the notion of medicalization, the transient nature of the concept needs to be stressed, i.e. the need to specify the different meanings attributed to the notion depending on the different contexts in which it is used. If this is not done, the concept will lose its theoretical accuracy and will possibly no longer be useful for social analysis.

No pó da estrada / On the road

Este ensaio sintetiza a descrição e a análise da minha trajetória acadêmica feitas no Memorial apresentado ao Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, por ocasião do Concurso Público para o Cargo de Professor Titular na Área de Terapia Ocupacional, Subárea de Terapia Ocupacional Social, realizado em fevereiro de 2012. Se a noção de ?campo científico?, consagrada por Pierre Bourdieu, coloca a claro as delimitações do campo e suas competições constitutivas, pensar um memorial, ou uma autobiografia acadêmica, como instrumento intelectual adequado para saber sobre a formação de um determinado campo científico, pode fazer emergir do pano de fundo de trajetórias singulares o cenário social e histórico onde se tecem. Nesse sentido, apresento a ?estrada? percorrida por mim como uma terapeuta ocupacional, docente e pesquisadora brasileira, atuando no estado de São Paulo, nos últimos 32 anos; o meu percurso de buscas e de encontros que têm possibilitado a compreensão de proposições na área de terapia ocupacional e da construção acadêmica da terapia ocupacional social. Para que se possa apreender as terapias ocupacionais que se fazem, concorde-se ou não com seus pressupostos, o debate de ideias e de suas formulações práticas singulares é fundamental. Dessa forma, espera-se contribuir para o entendimento de parte da terapia ocupacional que se faz, se ensina e se pesquisa, atualmente, no Brasil.

This essay summarizes my academic career and consists of a Memorial presented to the Department of Occupational Therapy, which integrates the Center for Biological and Health Sciences, at the Federal University of São Carlos (São Carlos/São Paulo/Brazil), as part of a tendering process for a position of Full Professor of Occupational Therapy, Subarea Social Occupational Therapy, held in February 2012. If the notion of ?scientific ?, as defined by Pierre Bourdieu, makes clear, in a generic way, what the demarcations of a and its constituent competitions should be, writing down a Memorial can be thought of as an appropriated intellectual instrument to inquire about the formation of a particular scientific and may actually provide important insights about the social scenario and history emerging from the background of unique trajectories. In that sense, this paper describes my personal ?road? working in the state of São Paulo for the last 32 years as an occupational therapist, lecturer and researcher in Brazil, leading to my contributions to the understanding of propositions in occupational therapy and to the academic construction of social occupational therapy. In order to comprehend the existing occupational therapies ? and one may or may not agree with the assumptions made, in each case ? the debate of their founding ideas and unique formulations is essential, therefore contributing to the understanding of related actual practices, higher education and research in the area, in our country.

Is the Total Score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Associated with Suicide Attempts or Suicides.

Background: Most evidence behind interventions for depression is, in essence, based on the total score of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). We identified no systematic review or meta-analysis examining if a total 17-item HDRS score is associated with suicide attempts or suicides in depressive patients. Methodology: Based on a systematic literature search CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and Science Citation Index Expanded, we systematically reviewed and meta-analysed observational studies examining if the total 17-item HDRS score is associated with suicide attempts or suicides. Results: We identified and included ten cohort studies - seven retrospective and three prospective. All the studies were assessed as high risk of bias. Meta-analysis on the HDRS scores from three retrospective studies showed that depressive patients with a suicide attempt during the on-going depressive episode had a significantly higher score on the HDRS compared to non-suicidal patients (mean difference 6.31 HDRS; 95% confidence interval 4.72 to 7.91; P<0.00001, I2=0). However, meta-analyses of the HDRS scores from three prospective studies and four studies reporting retrospectively lifetime suicide attempts showed no significant differences between patients with or without a suicide attempt or suicide. Conclusion: A total score on the HDRS does not seem to be associated with past or future suicide attempts or suicides. There seems to be a need for other assessment tools to predict and explain risks of suicidality.

Acceptance of Disability : The Mindset of Stroke Patients / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Until the time arrives when stroke patients truly recognize themselves as handicapped (living with their disabilities), it is well known that they usually pass through the five stages of grief, namely : denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. It is difficult to know which stage a patient is at, but we have found that a patient's writing, their letters, the occasional poem, etc are all of great use to identify the stage. Patients who are satisfied with their present lives are more able to accept their situation and therefore have fewer tendencies toward suicidal thoughts. The richness of their lives helps them to overcome their disabilities and enables them to return back to society. We should not force our patients, especially those in the denial or confusion stage, to accept their disabilities and rather must try to listen sincerely about their suffering and their stories. Most patients with brain strokes are encouraged to do their best “ganbare" by medical staff such as nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech language hearing therapists and doctors, and their family members and their friends. Usually, they are pleased to hear these words. However, some patients may perceive such encouragement as stressful, but if we know how to use these words in a supportive, positive manner, then they can be useful words in the care of stroke patients.