Actividad antihelmíntica in vivo de Tephrosia vogelii sobre estrongílidos gastrointestinales en caprinos infectados naturalmente / In vivo Anthelmintic Activity of Tephrosia vogelii on Gastrointestinal Strongyles in Naturally Infected Goats

Resumen Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto antihelmíntico de la especie Tephrosia vogelii sobre estrongílidos gastrointestinales de caprinos, se recolectaron hojas de la planta y se obtuvo un extracto bruto. Treinta caprinos infectados naturalmente se dividieron en tres grupos de diez animales cada uno. Grupo I (control) al cual se le administraron 50 ml de agua destilada; grupo II, al que se les administró una dosis diaria del extracto de 100 mg/kg, y grupo III, que recibió una dosis diaria del extracto de 150 mg/kg. El tratamiento se realizó oralmente por tres días consecutivos. Los conteos de huevos en mostraron que los animales presentaban una parasitosis gastrointestinal compuesta de los géneros Haemonchus spp. Trichostrongylus spp. y Oesophagostomum spp., siendo Haemochus spp. el de mayor proporción (75 %). La reducción de los conteos de huevos fue del 91 % y el 94 % para los grupos II y III, respectivamente, a los 14 días postratamiento.

Abstract This study aims to determine the anthelmintic effect of an extract of Tephrosia vogelii on gastrointestinal strongyles of goats. Leaves were collected, from which an aqueous extract was obtained. Thirty naturally-infected goats were divided in three groups of ten animals each as follows: group I (control), with each animal receiving 50 ml of distillated water; group II, with each animal receiving 100 mg/kg of the extract; and group III, with each animal receiving 150 mg/kg of the extract. Treatments were administered orally on three consecutive days. The faecal test revealed that the genera present in the goats were Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp. y Oesophagostomum spp., with Haemonchus spp. being the most prevalent genus (75%). The faecal egg count reductions 14 days pos-treatment were 91% and 94% for groups II and III, respectively.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Tephrosia purpurea in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background: Hepatotoxicity ultimately leads to liver failure. Conventional treatment options for hepatotoxicity are limited and not safe. Aim: The present work has been designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of the root of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The plant roots, T. purpurea, were collected from the local area of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and verification was done by Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and a herbarium specimen was deposited in BSI with No. LMC/PM/PD-001. All other reagents and chemicals were of suitable analytical grade and were used as received. Results: On the basis of statistical analysis, both the doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root shown significant hepatoprotective activity compare to negative control. The dose of 400 mg/kg b.wt showed better reduction in serum enzyme level compare to 200 mg/kg b.wt dose of the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root. Results were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA non-parametric) followed by Dunnett’s test with P < 0.01 considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it may be concluded that the ethanolic extract of T. purpurea root has a significant protective effect on liver injuries

Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Tephrosia genus: A brief review

Tephrosia, the plant genus belongs to the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the major group of angiosperms (floweringplants) that comprises more than 350 species which is widely distributed in the regions of tropical and subtropicalcountries of the world. Since the herbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer associated side effects, the genusTephrosia is extensively used for the treatment of large number of diseases in traditional medicines. The main aim ofthis review is to summarize and document the phytochemical and pharmacological activities performed on TephTephrosia, the plant genus belongs to the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the major group of angiosperms (floweringplants) that comprises more than 350 species which is widely distributed in the regions of tropical and subtropicalcountries of the world. Since the herbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer associated side effects, the genusTephrosia is extensively used for the treatment of large number of diseases in traditional medicines. The main aim ofthis review is to summarize and document the phytochemical and pharmacological activities performed on Tephrosiagenus. To promote the continual use of these plants and in order to plan for the future studies, it becomes importantto provide a basis by combining a number of available information into a single data covering the different aspects ofthe plant.rosiagenus. To promote the continual use of these plants and in order to plan for the future studies, it becomes importantto provide a basis by combining a number of available information into a single data covering the different aspects ofthe plant.

Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Tephrosia genus: A brief review

Tephrosia, the plant genus belongs to the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the major group of angiosperms (floweringplants) that comprises more than 350 species which is widely distributed in the regions of tropical and subtropicalcountries of the world. Since the herbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer associated side effects, the genusTephrosia is extensively used for the treatment of large number of diseases in traditional medicines. The main aim ofthis review is to summarize and document the phytochemical and pharmacological activities performed on Tephrosiagenus. To promote the continual use of these plants and in order to plan for the future studies, it becomes importantto provide a basis by combining a number of available information into a single data covering the different aspects ofthe plant.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity And Mic Of The Extracellular Ethyl Acetate Crude Extract Of Endophytic Fungi Fusarium Sp. Isolated From Tephrosia Purpurea Root

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to find antimicrobial and MIC of endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. isolated from Tephrosia purpurea root. Methods: Well diffusion assay was performed to find out the antimicrobial activity and Resazurin dye reduction method was performed to find out MIC of the extract. Result: The extract showed the highest zone of inhibition of 22.66±0.57 mm, (Bacillus subtilis, MTCC-441) for Gram-positive bacteria and 20.66±0.57 mm, (E. coli, MTCC-443) for Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the MIC of the extract was found to be (31.25 µg/ml-125 µg/ml). Conclusion: Hence, the endophytic fungi isolated from the Tephrosia purpurea root, i.e. Fusarium sp. showed good antimicrobial activity and hence can be used to find a novel drug.

Therapeutic potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Tephrosia purpurea Linn. leaves in a rat model of gout / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#The present study is to determine the potential treatment effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Tephrosia purpurea Linn. leaves (EATP) against gout.@*METHODS@#Gout in experimental rats was induced with potassium oxonate at the dose of 250 mg/kg (intraperitoneal injection) for 7 consecutive days; EATP was administered 1 h after administration of the potassium oxonate on each day of experiment. Potassium oxonate was discontinued on the 8th day; thereafter allopurinol (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and EATP (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were continued until day 14. The uric acid level was measured from serum and urine during the experiment. Other biochemical parameters were assessed, including blood and urine creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and total protein. Blood urea nitrogen, serum aspartate aminotransferase serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were also measured. The blood was analyzed for levels of malondialdehyde and the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Histopathological and radiological changes in the ankle of rats were observed after completion of the experiment.@*RESULTS@#EATP was able to decrease serum uric acid and creatinine level; it also reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and lysosomal enzyme level, which has a role in acute inflammation. EATP increased uric acid excretion through urine due to its uricosuric effect.@*CONCLUSION@#EATP lowered the serum uric acid level and increased the urine uric acid level through excretion, which is useful in the treatment of gout. Hence the EATP was found to be helpful in the treatment of gout.

New flavone and other compounds from Tephrosia egregia: assessing the cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines

ABSTRACT The organic extracts from stems, roots and leaves of Tephrosia egregia Sandwith, Fabaceae, provided a new flavone, 5-hydroxy-8-(1",2"-epoxy-3"-hydroxy-3"-methylbutyl)-7-methoxyflavone (1), in addition to eleven known compounds: pongaflavone (2), praecansone B (3), 12a-hydroxyrotenone (4), praecansone A, 2',6'-dimethoxy-4',5'-(2",2"-dimethyl)-pyranochalcone, pongachalcone, maackiain, β-sistosterol and its glucoside, p-cumaric acid and cinnamic acid. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, involving comparison with literature data. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 was evaluated against AGP-01 (cancerous ascitic fluid), HCT-116 (colon adenocarcinoma), HL-60 (leukemia), PC-3 (prostate carcinoma), SF-295 (glioblastoma) and SKMEL 28 (melanoma) cell lines.

Encefalopatia hepática secundária à intoxicação por Tephrosia cinerea em ovinos / Hepatic encephalopathy secondary to poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in sheep

A intoxicação por Tephrosia cinerea causa fibrose hepática periacinar em ovinos na região semiárida do Nordeste, com quadro clínico de ascite acentuada, e, ocasionalmente, com sinais neurológicos. Neste trabalho foram estudadas 16 ovinos em 6 surtos de intoxicação por T. cinerea. Todos os ovinos apresentaram lesões histológicas de fibrose periacinar e seis apresentaram, no encéfalo, vacuolização da substância branca e da junção entre a substância branca e a cinzenta com presença de astrócitos de Alzheimer tipo II na substância cinzenta. A doença foi reproduzida experimentalmente em dois ovinos que apresentaram ascite, desvios vasculares (shunts) porto-sistêmicos e sinais nervosos com lesões histológicas semelhantes a dos casos espontâneos. Na técnica de imuno-histoquímica houve marcação fraca ou ausente do citoplasma astrocitário para o anticorpo anti-GFAP em seis ovinos evidenciando uma alteração degenerativa, em que os astrócitos acumulam corpos densos e reduzem o volume de GFAP. Houve marcação positiva para o anticorpo anti-S100 em oito ovinos, incluindo os dois ovinos experimentais o que sugere reatividade celular, com proliferação mitocondrial e de retículo endoplasmático liso. Estas alterações são caraterísticas dos efeitos da amônia nos astrócitos. Conclui-se que na intoxicação por T. cinerea em alguns ovinos ocorrem sinais nervosos em consequência da encefalopatia hepática.(AU)

In the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, Tephrosia cinerea causes periacinar hepatic fibrosis in sheep with severe ascites and, occasionally, nervous signs. Sixteen sheep from six outbreaks of T. cinerea poisoning were studied. All sheep had histologic lesion of periacinar fibrosis and six showed, in the brain, vacuolization (spongy degeneration) of the white matter and junction between grey and white matter and presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the grey matter. The disease was produced experimentally in two sheep, that presented porto-sistemic shunts and similar histologic lesions as those observed in the spontaneous cases. Immunohistochemistry revealed weak labelling with anti-GFAP antibodies suggesting a degenerative alteration of astrocytes with accumulation of dense bodies and reduction of the GFAP. There was strong labelling with anti-S100 antibodies suggesting cellular reactivity with proliferation of mitochondria and endoplasmatic reticulum. Such alterations are characteristic of the effects caused by ammonia on the astrocytes. It is concluded that in poisoning by T. cinerea nervous signs due to hepatic encephalopathy occur in some sheep.(AU)

Impact of fishing with Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae) on diversity and abundance of fish in the streams at the boundary of Sinharaja Man and Biosphere Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka / Impacto en la diversidad y abundancia de peces en riachuelos de la frontera de la Reserva Forestal de Sinharaja, Sri Lanka al pescar con Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae)

AbstractLocal communities in some Asian, African and American countries, use plant toxins in fish poisoning for fishing activities; however, the effects of this practice on the particular wild fish assemblages is unknown. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of fish poisoning using Tephrosia candida, on freshwater fish diversity and abundance in streams at the boundary of the World Natural Heritage site, Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka. A total of seven field trips were undertaken on a bimonthly basis, from May 2013 to June 2014. We surveyed five streams with similar environmental and climatological conditions at the boundary of Sinharaja forest. We selected three streams with active fish poisoning practices as treatments, and two streams with no fish poisoning as controls. Physico-chemical parameters and flow rate of water in selected streams were also measured at bimonthly intervals. Fish were sampled by electrofishing and nets in three randomly selected confined locations (6 x 2 m stretch) along every stream. Fish species were identified, their abundances were recorded, and Shannon-Weiner diversity index was calculated for each stream. Streams were clustered based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix for fish composition and abundance. Physico-chemical parameters of water were not significantly different among streams (P > 0.05). A total of 15 fish species belonging to four different orders Cypriniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Perciformes and Siluriformes were collected; nine species (60 %) were endemic, and six (40 %) were native species. From these, 13 fish species were recorded in streams with no poisoning, while five species were recorded in streams where poisoning was practiced. Four endemic and one native fish species were locally extinct in streams where fish poisoning was active. Fish abundance was significantly higher in control streams (32-39/m2) when compared to treatment streams (5-9/m2) (P < 0.05). We concluded that fish poisoning with T. candida may have resulted in a significant reduction in species richness, total abundance and Shannon-Weiner diversity index of fish species in the studied streams at the boundary of Sinharaja forest. We recommend that this fishing practice should be strictly regulated, and to inform local communities about the legal status of fish poisoning, its consequences and the importance of fish diversity for local livelihoods and conservation purposes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 1129-1141. Epub 2016 September 01.

ResumenLas comunidades de algunos países asiáticos, africanos y americanos utilizan las toxinas de las plantas para pescar, sin embargo, los efectos de esta práctica en grupos de peces silvestres son desconocidos. Este estudio se llevó acabo con el objetivo de investigar los efectos del envenenamiento de peces con Tephrosia candida en la diversidad y abundancia de peces de agua dulce en riachuelos de la frontera la Reserva Sinharaja en Sri Lanka. En total se realizaron siete giras bimensuales al campo de mayo 2013 a junio 2014. Se muestrearon cinco riachuelos con condiciones ambientales y climáticas similares en la frontera de la reserva de Sinharaja. Como tratamientos se seleccionaron tres riachuelos con práctica activa de envenenamiento de peces y dos riachuelos sin envenenamiento de peces como controles. También, en intervalos bimensuales, se midieron los parámetros físico-químicos y de corriente del agua en riachuelos seleccionados. Se utilizó la electropesca y redes en tres sitios (6 x 2 m) seleccionados al azar a lo largo de cada riachuelo para el muestreo de peces. Se identificaron los peces a nivel de especie, se anotó su abundancia y se calculó el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weiner para cada riachuelo. Con base en la matriz de similitud de Bray-Curtis se agruparon los riachuelos para composición y abundancia de peces. Los parámetros físicoquímicos del agua fueron no significativamente distintos entre los riachuelos (P > 0.05). Se recolectó un total de 15 especies de peces que pertenecen a cuatro órdenes: Cypriniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Perciformes y Siluriformes; nueve especies (60 %) fueron endémicas y seis (40 %) nativas. Trece especies se encontraron en riachuelos donde no se practica el envenenamiento mientras que cinco especies se encontraron en riachuelos donde sí se daba esta práctica. Cuatro especies endémicas y una nativa estaban extintas en riachuelos donde la práctica del envenenamiento era activa. La abundancia de peces fue significativamente alta en los riachuelos control (32-39/m2) al compararse con los tratamientos (5-9/m2) (P < 0.05). Se concluye que el envenenamiento de peces con T. candida puede haber resultado en una reducción significativa de la riqueza de especies, la abundancia total y el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weiner de las especies de peces en los riachuelos estudiados en la frontera de la reserva Sinharaja. Se recomienda que esta práctica de pesca sea estrictamente regulada y que se informe a las comunidades locales acerca del estado legal del envenenamiento de peces, sus consecuencias y de la importancia de la diversidad de peces para el sustento local y para propósitos de conservación.

Methanol extract of Tephrosia vogelii leaves potentiates the contractile action of acetylcholine on isolated rabbit jejunum

Objective: To investigate the modulating role of methanol extract of Tephrosia vogelii leaves on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum. Methods: Rabbit jejunum segment was removed and placed in an organ bath containing Tyrode's solution, and its contractions were recorded isometrically. Results: ACh (2.0 × 10

Phylogenetic Diversity and Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Tephrosia purpurea

Sixty-one endophytic fungus strains with different colony morphologies were isolated from the leaves, stems and roots of Tephrosia purpurea with colonization rates of 66.95%, 37.50%, and 26.92%, respectively. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 61 isolates were classified into 16 genera belonging to 3 classes under the phylum Ascomycota. Of the 61 isolates, 6 (9.84%) exhibited antifungal activity against one or more indicator plant pathogenic fungi according to the dual culture test. Isolate TPL25 had the broadest antifungal spectrum of activity, and isolate TPL35 was active against 5 plant pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, culture filtrates of TPL25 and TPL35 exhibited greater than 80% growth inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We conclude that the endophytic fungal strains TPL25 and TPL35 are promising sources of bioactive compounds.

Methanol extract of Tephrosia vogelii leaves potentiates the contractile action of acetylcholine on isolated rabbit jejunum

To investigate the modulating role of methanol extract of Tephrosia vogelii leaves on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum. Methods: Rabbit jejunum segment was removed and placed in an organ bath containing Tyrode’s solution, and its contractions were recorded isometrically. Results: ACh (2.0 × 10-10 g/mL) and the extract (2.0 × 10-4 g/mL) individually increased the frequency of contraction (mean ± SEM) of the isolated smooth muscle tissue by 47.6% ± 9.5%and 77.8% ± 66.5%, respectively. When ACh and the extract were combined, the frequency of contraction of the tissue was increased by 222.2% ± 25.9%, representing a 366.7% increase (P < 0.001) over the effect of ACh alone. Similarly, ACh (2.0 × 10-9 g/mL) and the extract individually increased significantly (P < 0.001) the amplitude of contraction of the tissue by 685.7% ± 61.1% and 455.2% ± 38.1%, respectively. When ACh and the extract were combined, the amplitude of contraction of the tissue rose by 1263.8% ± 69.0%, representing 84.3% increase over the effect of ACh alone. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that methanol extract of Tephrosia vogelii leaves potentiates the contractile effect of ACh on intestinal smooth muscle, supporting the traditional claim that the plant is purgative.

Fatty Acid Composition of Lebrunia bushiae Staner and Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. Seed Oils.

Aim: The nutritive and medicinal values of vegetable oils rely on the nature of their fatty acids (FAs). This study aimed to determine the nature and content of FAs in Lebrunia bushiae Staner and Tephrosia vogelii seed oils which are used by the local population of South Kivu province in DRC mainly for medical purposes. Materials and Methods: The seeds were harvested from Bunyakiri, zone close to the National Parc Kahuzi-Biega, in South-Kivu province/DRC. The oils were manually expressed, and the FAs composition characterized by gas chromatography (GCMS). Results: Ten major FAs were detected in Lebrunia bushiae seed oil comprising of 4 saturated and 6 unsaturated of which oleic acid (18:0;43.0%), linoleic acid (18:1;11.74%) and erucic acid (22.1;14.07%) predominate. In the Tephrosia vogelii oil, 5 saturated and 5 unsaturated FAs were detected comprising in majority of linoleic acid (40.34%), oleic acid (19.97%), alpha linolenic acid (7.62%), palmitic acid (13.98%) and stearic acid (5.78%). Conclusions: The yield in oils from these two plants is sufficient for being exploited. The composition of Tephrosia oil presents high nutritive value while the nutritive value of Lebrunia oil may be limited by a high content of erucic acid, making it much valuable for medicinal interest unless its erucic acid content is reduced to make it edible.

Tephrosia purpurea Linn (Sharpunkha, Wild Indigo): A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Studies.

Tephrosia purpurea (fabaceae) commonly known in sanskrit as ‘sharapunkha’ is highly branched ,herbaceous, suberect, perennial herb.widely grown in india. Whole plant and various parts of the plant are useful as ayurvedic medicines. Medicinal uses of drugs are tonic, laxative, diuretic, bronchitis, bilious febrile attack, boils, pimples, diarrhea, gonorrhea, rheumatism and cures disease of heart, spleen and blood. The pharmacological studies have shown that Tephrosia purpurea posses following biological activity such as antiulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti viral, anti asthmatic ,hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia, immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant, wound healing property, antiallergic activity. A wide variety of phytochemicals are isolated from the plant Tephrosia purpurea which has concerned with their medicinal uses. The present review high lights the mainly phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the plant.

Antibacterial Activity of Tephrosia Hookeriana Wight and ARN Leaf Explants.

The antibacterial activity of Tephrosia hookeriana leaf extract was tested against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas veronii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, at a dose of 500μg by using disc diffusion method. Various solvents such as methanol, acetone, petroleum ether, and aqueous were used for extracts. The results reveal that, methanol at a dose of 500μg has showed significant activity against. The methanol extract showed that maximum inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginos (13.67±0.33). The zone of inhibition was measured and compared with standard Kanamycin (10mg). However, in none of the above mentioned extracts the inhibition zone was not more than that found in standard i.e., Kanamycin. This is the first approach in this plant and there are no early reports found.

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Tephrosia purpurea / 中国天然药物

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. is popularly known as 'Sarapunkha' in classical Ayurvedic texts. It is a perennial plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and occurs throughout the Indian subcontinent. T. purpurea is traditionally used to treat splenomegaly, cirrhosis, cough and cold, abdominal swelling and as an antidote in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of semiglabrin, pongamole, lanceolatins A and B, rutin, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. Flavonoids including (+)-tephrorin A and B, (+)-tephrosone, an isoflavone, 7, 4'-dihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyisoflavone and a chalcone, (+)-tephropurpurin were isolated from the whole plant. Pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant reported include anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antitumor and insect repellent activity. In the present review, the literature on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. are summarized to August, 2012.

Larvicidal Activity of Tephrosia purpurea, (L) Against the Larvae of Culex quinquefasiciatus.

The aim of this work was to study the larvicidal activity of Tephrosia purpurea (L) Pers. against the larvae of culex quinquefasiciatus. The preliminary laboratory trail was undertaken to determine the efficacy of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract of dried whole plant of Tephrosia purpurea belonging to the family Papilionaceae at various concentrations against the late third or early fourth instar larvae of culex quinquefasiciatus by following the WHO guidelines. The results suggest that 100% mortality. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract of Tephrosia purpurea (L) Pers. was observed at 250ppm and 300ppm respectively. The results suggested that use of plants in insect control as an alternative method for minimizing the noxious effect of some pesticide compound on the environment. Thus the extract of Tephrosia purpurea delivers promising more selective and biodegradable agent.

Tephrosia sinapou extract reduces inflammatory leukocyte recruitment in mice: effect on oxidative stress, nitric oxide and cytokine production

Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers., which is currently known as T. sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev., Fabaceae, is a source of compounds such as flavonoids, however, few studies addressed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of T. sinapou. Therefore, we evaluated the antioxidant mechanisms of the T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract in vitro, and whether the extract affects leukocyte recruitment in four models of inflammation and the involvement of nitric oxide and cytokines in its mechanism. In vitro, it was observed that the extract presented hydrogen donating ability to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS+), and also efficiently inhibited iron-dependent and independent lipid peroxidation and iron chelation assays. In vivo, it inhibited the recruitment of total leukocytes and neutrophil induced by carrageenin, zymosan, glycogen and lipopolysaccharide in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Two mechanisms were detected: 1) T. sinapou effect on leukocyte recruitment depends on nitric oxide since was dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and 2) the extract also inhibited the production of crucial cytokines for the leukocyte recruitment; tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β. Concluding, T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract reduces oxidative stress in vitro, and inflammatory leukocyte recruitment by a mechanism related to inhibition of cytokine production, and in a nitric oxide dependent manner in vivo.