Validación del modelo multidimensional de perfeccionismo en población infantil

(analítico) El modelo multidimensional del perfeccionismo ha sido estudiado exiguamente en población infantil debido a la falta de instrumentos que evalúen simultáneamente las tres dimensiones del constructo: autorientado, socialmente prescrito y orientado a otros. En países hispanohablantes solo recientemente ha sido posible operacionalizar estos aspectos, por lo cual se propuso comprobar la bondad de ajuste del modelo tridimensional, integrando factorialmente dos escalas de perfeccionismo infantil. Participaron 2249 menores completando las escalas de perfeccionismo autorientado y de perfeccionismo social, y medidas de arrogancia y depresión. Se observó un ajuste válido y confiable del modelo de tres factores, que incluyó parcelas y covariancias entre residuos. La validez se evidenció, además, mediante correlaciones positivas del perfeccionismo con la arrogancia y la depresión. Los hallazgos demuestran que el modelo multidimensional puede ser generalizable a población infantil.

(analytical) The multidimensional perfectionism model has had a limited application with children due to the lack of instruments that simultaneously assess the three dimensions of this construct: self-oriented, socially prescribed and other-oriented. In Spanish-speaking countries, it has only recently been possible to operationalize these aspects. This study tested the fit of the three-dimensional model by factorially integrating two child perfectionism scales. A total of 2249 children participated in the study, completing the Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Social Perfectionism scales, as well as measures of Arrogance and Depression. A valid and reliable fit for the three-factor model that included parcels and covariances between residuals was observed. Validity was further evidenced by positive correlations of perfectionism with arrogance and depression. These results demonstrate that the multidimensional model can be generalized to be applied with a child population.

(analítico) O modelo multidimensional do perfeccionismo tem sido pouco estudado em crianças devido à falta de instrumentos que avaliem simultaneamente as três dimensões do construto: autodirigido, socialmente prescrito, orientado para os outros. Nos países de língua espanhola, só recentemente foi possível operacionalizar esses aspectos, por isso foi proposto testar a adequação do modelo tridimensional integrando fatorialmente duas escalas de perfeccionismo infantil. Um total de 2249 menores participaram, completando as Escalas de Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado e Perfeccionismo Social, e medidas de Arrogância e Depressão. Foi observado um ajuste válido e confiável do modelo de três fatores que incluiu parcelas e covariâncias entre os resíduos. A validade foi ainda evidenciada por correlações positivas de perfeccionismo com arrogância e depressão. Esses resultados demonstram que o modelo multidimensional pode ser generalizado para a população infantil.

Inteligencia emocional y estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en personal de salud

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre inteligencia emocional y las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en trabajadores asistenciales de un Hospital de Tercer Nivel de Atención durante el 2021. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se utilizó dos encuestas: El test de COPE, el cual mide cómo afrontar el estrés y el Inventario de Coeficiente emocional de Bar-On, que mide el nivel de inteligencia emocional. La variable principal fue el afrontamiento al estrés; la independiente, la inteligencia emocional. Resultados: Se trabajó un total de 290 trabajadores asistenciales. La inteligencia emocional se correlacionó significativamente de manera positiva (Pearson = 0.6003) con el afrontamiento al estrés. Las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés con mayor media fueron planificación, reinterpretación positiva y crecimiento, afrontamiento religioso. Estas estrategias tuvieron una correlación positiva con la inteligencia emocional, estas correlaciones fueron 0.5271, 0.5200 y 0.2051, respectivamente. Para el análisis de regresión múltiple, se observó que el promedio de puntos del Test de BarOn aumentó en 0.261 puntos por cada punto que incrementa el TEST de COPE (coef. = 0,261; IC95%: 0.215 - 0.307); ello ajustado por todas las covariables de interés. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el afrontamiento al estrés; también, se encontró relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés.

Objective: To determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies in health care workers of a Third Level of Care Hospital during 2021. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. Two surveys were used: the COPE test which measures how to cope with stress and the Bar-On Emotional Coefficient Inventory which measures the level of emotional intelligence. The main variable was coping with stress. The independent variable was emotional intelligence. Results: A total of 290 health care workers were worked. Emotional intelligence was significantly positively correlated (Pearson = 0.6003) with stress coping. The stress coping strategies with the highest mean were planning, positive reinterpretation and growth, and religious coping. These strategies had a positive correlation with emotional intelligence, these correlations were 0.5271, 0.5200 and 0.2051 respectively. For the multiple regression analysis, it was observed that the average BARON test score increased by 0.261 points for each point increase in the COPE TEST (coefficient = 0.261; 95%CI: 0.215 - 0.307); adjusted for all covariates of interest. Conclusion: There is a relationship between emotional intelligence and stress coping. A relationship was also found with stress coping strategies.

Bibliometric analysis of main diseases due to exposure to altitude in the world / Análise bibliométrica das principais doenças decorrentes da exposição à altitude no mundo

Introduction: Around 140 million people in the world live-in high-altitude regions; however, there are few bibliometric studies. Objective: Describe the scientific production of the main diseases due to exposure to altitude in the world. Methods: Observational study, bibliometric type. After a systematic search in Scopus, original articles were included, whose main variable was mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Characteristics of each study were manually extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 2305 articles were found on mountain sickness (n=1531), high-altitude pulmonary edema (n=549) and high-altitude cerebral edema (n=225), respectively, in Scopus. Regarding the most influential journal was High Altitude Medicine and Biology in all three diseases, the country with the highest number of articles was the United States (458, 168 and 75), the most used language was English (91.31%, 85.33% and 84.19%), the author with the highest number of publications was Bartsh P. (2.94%, 18.60% and 3.42%) and most of the articles were open access (41.08%, 42.06% and 76.53%), respectively. Conclusion: The scientific production of original articles on mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema in Scopus has increased in recent years; however, it is still scarce compared to other diseases.

Introdução: Cerca de 140 milhões de pessoas no mundo vivem em regiões de grande altitude, porém, existem poucos estudos bibliométricos. Objetivo: Descrever a produção científica sobre as principais doenças decorrentes da exposição à altitude no mundo. Métodos: Estudo observacional, do tipo bibliométrico. Após busca sistemática no Scopus, foram incluídos artigos originais, cuja variável principal foi mal da montanha, edema cerebral de altitude e edema pulmonar de altitude. As características de cada estudo foram extraídas manualmente e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2.305 artigos sobre mal da montanha (n=1.531), edema pulmonar de altitude (n=549) e edema cerebral de altitude (n=225), respectivamente no Scopus. Em relação ao periódico mais influente foi High Altitude Medicine and Biology nas três doenças, o país com maior número de artigos foi os Estados Unidos (458, 168 e 75), o idioma mais utilizado foi o inglês (91,31%, 85,33% e 84,19%), o autor com maior número de publicações foi Bartsh P. (2,94%, 18,60% e 3,42%) e a maioria dos artigos foi de acesso aberto (41,08%, 42,06% e 76,53%), respectivamente. Conclusão: A produção científica de artigos originais sobre mal da montanha, edema pulmonar de altitude e edema cerebral de altitude em Scopus tem aumentado nos últimos anos, porém ainda é escassa em comparação com outras doenças

Evolution and Connotations of "Prohibition"， "Contraindication"， or "Use with Caution" in Chinese Materia Medica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This study systematically combed and analyzed the use of such terms as "prohibition"， "contraindication"， and "use with caution" in ancient Chinese books on materia medica and prescriptions， Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China（《中华人民共和国药典》）， and teaching materials and monographs of Chinese materia medica by means of hermeneutics， commentariology， textology， and data mining， and explored the historical evolution and conceptual connotations of "prohibition"， "contraindication"， and "use with caution" in Chinese materia medica， so as to provide reference for standardizing their understandings and clinical reasonable medication. The "prohibition"， "contraindication"， and "use with caution" of Chinese materia medica were first proposed in the period of pre-Qin and Han dynasties. "Prohibition" and "contraindication" were separately developed in the Sui， Tang， and Five dynasties and Song， Jin， and Yuan dynasties and have been widely used since the Ming and Qing dynasties. The "use with caution" becomes popular rapidly in modern times and is often present in clinical medication together with "prohibition" and "contraindication". "Prohibition" basically means strictly prohibited and "contraindication" means to avoid as much as possible. The terms "prohibition"， "contraindication"， and "use with caution" have experienced evolution from the pre-Qin period to modern times， and they are used to describe the degree of restriction on drug use（"prohibition" > " contraindication" > "use with caution"）.

Developmental kindergarten classroom intervention for spatial relational terms

ABSTRACT Purpose Relational ability is a key attribute of language. Knowledge of relational terms, including spatial terms, can facilitate development of relational ability. Acquisition of spatial terms can be challenging and necessitates experience and input due to the abstractness of the concepts. Service delivery models for school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are changing from traditional "pull-out" therapy to intervention in the classroom. Response to Intervention (RtI) and multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) frameworks have expanded SLPs' roles to working with all children at-risk for academic difficulties. Methods Given the importance of spatial terms, and the changing roles and service delivery models for school-based SLPs, this investigation evaluated a six-week classroom-based intervention targeting spatial terms in a developmental kindergarten classroom of five-year-old children. Results At post-test, more than half of the children who did not understand the targeted spatial terms at pre-test demonstrated understanding of the words first, front, last, behind, center, below, under, and right by correctly identifying pictures representing these words. Around and left were the only two words learned by fewer than half of the children. Conclusion These findings augment research used by SLPs providing language support to children within the first tier of Response to Intervention or multi-tiered system of support.

Material de enseñanza del inglés con fines específicos para los estudiantes de ciencias médicas / Teaching material of the English language with specific ends for the students of medical sciences

Debido a la escasez de materiales de apoyo para la enseñanza del inglés con fines específicos, surgió la motivación de elaborar un glosario de sinónimos de términos médicos, a fin de facilitar la traducción, interpretación y comunicación de información científico-médica por parte de los profesionales de la salud, tanto en el ámbito nacional como extranjero. Para ello se revisaron diferentes artículos de las especialidades médicas y diccionarios; el producto final consistió en un material denominado "Glosario de sinónimos de términos médicos", cuya validación se realizó a través de la comparación de los resultados académicos, antes y después de su uso, y la opinión de los docentes que lo emplearon.

The motivation of elaborating a glossary of medical terms synonyms emerge due to the lack of support materials for the English language teaching with specific ends, in order to facilitate the translation, interpretation and communication of scientific-medical information for the health professionals, both in the national and foreign environment. Different works of the medical specialties and dictionaries were checked with this purpose; the final product consisted on a material denominated "Glossary of medical terms synonyms" whose validation was carried out through the comparison of the academic results, before and after its use, and the opinion of the teaching staff that used it.

Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine terms guided by discourse cohesion theory / 国际中医中药杂志

Due to the limitations of language, culture and professional differences, there are many problems in the translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terms, such as unclear translation, longtarget language and confusion of the target language. Therefore, this paper puts forward the translation strategy of TCM terms based on discourse cohesion theory, which could make full use of the characteristics of discourse cohesion and make the translated TCM terms still have the original meaning and function. In translation, we should follow the cognitive and communicative principles, create new words by using roots, affixes and vowels, optimize interpretative translation, and flexibly use transliteration translation method to improve the accuracy of translation and the conciseness and standardization of the targeted termsafter tranlation.

Construção de categorias/lugares para a loucura em relatos de usuários de CAPS / Construction of categories/places for madness in the reports of users of psychosocial care centers / Construcción de categorías/lugares para la locura en relatos de usuarios del CAPS

Este artigo objetiva investigar as categorias mobilizadas discursivamente por usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS I) para nomearem a si próprios e construírem lugares sociais para si e para as demais pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. Fundamentado na psicologia social discursiva, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa em que se fez uso da observação participante e das rodas de conversa como recursos metodológicos. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise de discurso. Para evitar o uso de categorias excludentes como "louco" ou "loucura" e se posicionando na categoria "normais", os usuários utilizaram categorias como "deficientes", "trauma" e "doença psicológica". Os participantes da pesquisa definiram a si mesmos como pessoas que levam para a vida toda uma "mancha", o estigma da "loucura", vivenciado nos espaços onde circulam. Apesar disso, em seus relatos, tentaram se apresentar como pessoas iguais às outras, que adoecem e vivem, e que podem circular por vários lugares, não apenas nos hospitais, nos CAPS ou em outros serviços de saúde. Concluiu-se que, com evidente habilidade retórica, os usuários utilizaram categorias discursivas para compreender sua situação e, ao mesmo tempo, combater o processo de estigmatização a que estão submetidos.

This article aims to investigate the categories mobilized in the discourse of users of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS I) to refer to themselves and the social places constructed for them and for other persons in psychological distress. This qualitative research was conducted through participant observation and conversation circles in the light of discursive social psychology. The reports underwent discourse analysis. To avoid the use of excluding categories such as "crazy" and "craziness" while placing themselves within the "normal" category, participants used categories such as "disabled," "trauma," and "psychological illness." The participants also defined themselves as people who carry a "stain" for life, which evinces the presence of a stigma related to "madness" experienced in the spaces where they circulate. Despite this, CAPS users tried to depict themselves as people like others - who get sick, live, and can circulate in various places besides hospitals, CAPS, or other health services. The results indicate that participants employed discursive categories with evident rhetorical ability to understand their situation while combating the stigmatization process that acts upon them.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las categorías movilizadas discursivamente por los usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS I), para nombrarse a sí mismos y los lugares sociales que construyen para ellos y para otras personas con problemas psicológicos. Con base en la psicología social discursiva, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, en la cual los círculos de observación y conversación de los participantes se utilizaron como recursos metodológicos. Los informes fueron sometidos a análisis del discurso. Los usuarios utilizaron categorías como "discapacitado", "trauma" y "enfermedad psicológica" para evitar el uso de categorías excluyentes como "loco" o "locura", poniéndose en la categoría "normal". Además, se definieron a sí mismos como personas que llevan una "mancha" de por vida, lo que marca la presencia del estigma de la "locura" que experimentan en los espacios donde circulan. A pesar de esto, en sus informes, intentaron presentarse como las demás personas, que se enferman y viven y pueden circular en varios lugares, no solo en hospitales, CAPS u otros servicios de salud, sino más allá de ellos. Se concluye que, con evidente capacidad retórica, los usuarios utilizaron categorías discursivas para comprender su situación y, al mismo tiempo, para combatir el proceso de estigmatización al que se someten.

¿Cuál es el criterio utilizado para incluir algunas variaciones anatómicas en terminologia anatomica? / What is the critera used to include certain anatomical variations in terminologia anatomica?

Desde la aprobación de la Nomina Anatomica de Basilea (BNA, 1895), Nomina Anatomica de Jena (JNA, 1933) y Nomina Anatomica de Paris (PNA, 1955) y sus posteriores ediciones, siempre fueron incorporados términos de variaciones anatómicas. En las dos primeras ediciones de Terminologia Anatomica (TA) (1998 y 2019), es posible encontrar numerosos términos anatómicos, colocados entre paréntesis, que indican que ellos, de acuerdo a su definición anatómica, no constituyen una normalidad. Cabe preguntarse ¿cuáles fueron los criterios para incorporar estos términos? Conocedores de la enseñanza anatómica, sabemos que normal es un concepto con un fuerte componente estadístico. Siempre se ha señalado que en la normalidad anatómica el criterio más importante es el estadístico, es decir, que la estructura anatómica se encuentre en el mayor porcentaje de la población, en general, sobre el 50 % de los casos. En consecuencia, aquellas estructuras que en número están bajo del promedio estadístico, no deben considerarse normales desde el punto de vista anatómico. El concepto de normalidad en anatomía humana es diferente al concepto de normalidad en un paciente, ya que en este caso normal se considera cuando la persona no está incubando o padeciendo una enfermedad. En este artículo presentamos una serie de términos incorporados a TA y que, desde nuestro punto de vista, no debiesen constar en ella. Por otra parte, indicamos algunos que, con mayor porcentaje estadístico, producto de resultados de exhaustivos trabajos de investigación, no fueron incorporados en dicha Terminología.

Traditionally since their approval, the terms of anatomical variations have been incorporated in the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA, 1895), Jena Nomina Anatomica (JNA, 1933) and Paris Nomina Anatomica (PNA, 1955). In the first two editions of Terminologia Anatomica (TA) (1998 and 2019), numerous anatomical terms, can be found in parenthesis, which according to their anatomical definition, are indicative that they do not constitute normal standards. Therefore, it is worthwhile inquiring what criteria was used at the time these terms were incorporated. Experience and knowledge in the anatomical teaching field, has asserted that 'normal' is a concept with a strong statistical component. In anatomical normal standards, it has been noted that the statistical criterion is most important. That is to say that the anatomical structure is found in the highest percentage of the population, generally in over 50% of cases. Consequently, structures found below the statistical average in number should not be considered anatomically normal. The concept of normality in human anatomy is different from that in a patient, given that normal in that case is considered when the person is not incubating or suffering from a disease. In this article we present a series of terms incorporated into TA which, considering our point of view, should not be part of the TA. Nevertheless, as a result of exhaustive research, certain terms with higher statistical percentages are emphasized which were not incorporated in the Terminology.

El diálogo imaginario de las madres con sus bebés prematuros / The imaginary dialogue between mothers and their premature babies / O diálogo imaginário das mães com seus bebês prematuros

Resumen (analítico) Se analizan los diálogos imaginarios de las madres con sus bebés prematuros en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal, para identificar la representación de la interacción y los contenidos temáticos. La investigación es cualitativa, por medio de estudio de caso múltiple. Se trabajó con seis madres escogidas por conveniencia, que no padecían alteraciones psicopatológicas, con hijos de bajo riesgo. Se utilizó el video feedback y el análisis de contenido temático. Se encontró que en tres de ellas, las representaciones de la interacción eran balanceadas; en dos, no balanceadas distorsionadas, y en una, no balanceada desprendida. En los diálogos predominó el contenido temático físico y el menos frecuente fue el cognitivo. Se exponen los resultados teniendo en cuenta el bajo riesgo de los bebés, los contenidos temáticos y las implicaciones para la prevención en materia de su salud mental.

Abstract (analytical) This study analyzes the imaginary dialogue between mothers and their premature babies in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to identify the representation of these interactions and their thematic content. The research is qualitative and involves multiple case studies. We worked with six mothers, who were chosen due to ease of access, who didn't present any psychopathological alterations and their babies were classified as low-risk. Video feedback and thematic content analysis techniques were used. Three balanced representations were identified along with two unbalanced distorted representations and one unbalanced detached representation. Physical thematic content was a dominant feature of the dialogue and cognitive content was less frequent. The results are discussed by the authors in relation to the low-risk status of the babies, the predominant thematic content of the dialogue and implications for mental health prevention for the babies.

Resumo (analítico) Analisa-se o diálogo imaginário das mães com seus bebês prematuros numa Unidade de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal para identificar a representação da interação e os conteúdos temáticos. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com estudo de caso múltiplo. Trabalhou-se com seis mães, escolhidas por conveniência, sem alterações psicopatológicas e com filhos de baixo risco. Usou-se vídeo feedback e análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados mostran que três mães tinham representações balanceadas da interação, duas desequilibradas distorcidas e uma desequilibrada desligada. No diálogo predominou o conteúdo temático físico; o menos frequente foi o cognitivo. Discutem-se os resultados em relação ao baixo risco dos bebês, dos conteúdos temáticos e das implicações para a prevenção em saúde mental dos bebês.

Cáncer de próstata, el problema del diagnóstico: ¿es la resonancia multiparamétrica de próstata la solución? / Prostate cancer, the problem of diagnosis: is multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging the solution?

Junto con un aumento sostenido en la incidencia de cáncer de próstata en los países desarrollados ha habido un cambio en el enfrentamiento diagnóstico en estos pacientes. El diagnóstico tradicional basado en la medición del antígeno prostático específico y la biopsia randomizada ha mostrado tener muchas falencias ya que sobre-diagnostica cánceres no significativos y sub-diagnostica cánceres clínicamente significativos. La resonancia magnética de próstata multiparamétrica ha demostrado ser útil ya que disminuye este tipo de falencias. En este artículo se revisará la historia de la resonancia magnética de próstata y del PI-RADS, con el objeto de revisar el rendimiento de estos métodos y sus indicaciones actuales.

Along with a sustained increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in developed countries, there has been a change in the diagnostic approach in these patients. The traditional diagnosis based on the measurement of the specific prostate antigen and randomized biopsy has shown to have many shortcomings as it leads to overdiagnosis of non-significant cancers and underdiagnosis of clinically significant cancers. The multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be useful since it diminishes these shortcomings. In this article we will review part of the history of prostate magnetic resonance imaging and PI-RADS, in order to review the performance of these methods and their current indications.

Queratoquiste Odontogénico en un Paciente con Displasia Cleidocraneal: reporte de un Caso / Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia: case Report

RESUMEN: La displasia cleidocraneal (DCC), es un trastorno autosómico dominante poco común, que involucra principalmente a los huesos que se osifican por vía membranosa; afectando el cierre de fontanelas craneales y el desarrollo de las clavículas, además de anomalías dentales y vertebrales. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue reportar el caso de una paciente con DCC que presentó un queratoquiste odontogénico (QQO) intrasinusal. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 81 años, diagnosticada en su niñez con DDC, que consultó por un desajuste protésico y molestias en relación a la zona del seno maxilar derecho. Clínicamente se observó desajuste de la prótesis y aumento de volumen de márgenes poco definidos en la zona maxilar derecha, color rosa coral; que se extendía por todo el margen hemimaxilar derecho hasta el fondo de vestíbulo; doloroso a la palpación, con un mes de evolución. Se solicitó CBCT, con el que se pudo verificar la presencia de un desarrollo tumoral de contenido similar a dentículos, ubicado en la totalidad del seno maxilar derecho; extendiéndose hasta el piso de la cavidad nasal y orbitaria. Se estableció la hipótesis diagnóstica de "odontoma compuesto". Se le intervino quirúrgicamente, bajo anestesia general, realizándose una excisión de la lesión; la que era de márgenes definidos, con cambios de coloración en tonos oscuros, con la inclusión de tres piezas dentarias; de aspecto maligno. Se logró enucleación completa, dejando remanente óseo limpio. La pieza fue enviada a estudio histopatológico. En informe histopatológico, describió la presencia de una lesion quistica con pared compatible con queratoquiste.

ABSTRACT: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder that mainly involves bones that ossify via the membrane, affecting the closure of cranial fontanels and the development of the clavicles, as well as presenting dental and vertebral anomalies. The aim of this manuscritpt was to report a case of a patient with CCD who presented an intrasinusal odontogenic keratocyst.We present an 81-year-old female patient, diagnosed with this syndrome in childhood, who comes to our service for a prosthetic misalignment and discomfort of the right maxillary sinus area. Clinically, there was a mismatch of the prosthesis and an increase in the volume of undefined margins under it, coral pink color, which extended all over the right hemimaxillary margin to the bottom of the vestibule, painful on palpation, with a one month evolution. A CBCT was requested, which revealed the presence of a tumor development with content similar to denticles, located in the entire right maxillary sinus, extending to the floor of the nasal and orbital cavity. The diagnostic hypothesis of "compound odontoma" was established. The patient was operated on in the central ward, under general anesthesia performing the excisional biopsy of the lesion, which showed changes in coloration in dark tones, with defined edges, with the inclusion of three teeth showing malignancy aspects. Complete enucleation was achieved, leaving tumor-free clean bone remnant. In a histopathological report, the presence of a keratocyst wall was described, which is not very compatible given the appearance of the lesion, the presence of the dental pieces included in it, and the behavior of the lesion.

The translation strategies of core terms of traditional Chinese medicine based on the Xiang thoughts and English translation of Wuxing / 国际中医中药杂志

As the basic concept and terminology of the theory system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Wuxing has rich philosophical connotations. This research takes the term Wuxing as the object, based on the relevance translation theory to analyze the accuracy of the translation of the three authoritative versions of the dictionary, and finally proposes the reference for English translation of core terms of TCM.

Analysis of transmission rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in different provinces in China / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the periodicity of the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in representative provinces from different climatic zones in China, and to analyze the seasonality and the factors influencing the HFMD transmission rate, to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods Five climate-representative provinces including Hainan, Hunan, Shandong, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia were selected as research objects. Wavelet analysis was used to analyze the cyclic pattern of HFMD incidence. Time series susceptible infected recovered (TSIR) model was established to examine the HFMD transmission rate of the five provinces and of the entire country. The parameters in the TSIR model were estimated by markov chain monte carlo (MCMC). Linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of climate factors, school terms and the Spring Festival travel rush on the transmission rate of HFMD. Results (1) HFMD incidence in the provinces and the entire country exhibited annual or semi-annual cycles and the transmission rates in all provinces showed obvious seasonality with similar patterns. February to May was the peak period of HFMD transmission rate. (2) The transmission rate of HFMD was affected by the climate or the contact rate, depending on which factor was dominant. Conclusions The transmission rate of HFMD had obvious seasonality, which had increased significantly in February, and it was necessary to strengthen its prevention and control during the Spring Festival.

Nursing Student's Knowledge Assessment about Chagas Disease / Evaluación del conocimiento de estudiantes de enfermería sobre la enfermedad de Chagas

Abstract Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about Chagas disease that nursing students possess in a higher education institution in the department of Santander. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, with students of VIII and X nursing level. For the collection of information, a questionnaire based on nursing outcome indicators was applied: knowledge of the disease process related to Chagas. A univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis of the information was carried out presenting qualitative variables by absolute and relative frequencies, quantitative variables through median and range, test hypothesis by Mann Whitney U. Results: Statistically significant evidence is present in the process indicators of the disease and complications of the disease, value p <0.02. Regarding the indicator process of the disease, 48.7% of the students obtained substantial classified knowledge and 29% moderate knowledge. 55.3% have knowledge of the complications of the disease, being substantial; Similar degree of knowledge was obtained in indicators: measures to minimize the progression of the disease (60.5%) and causes or contributing factors (52.6%); in the indicator of signs and symptoms of the disease, 52.6% of the students obtained extensive knowledge, with a NOC score of 5. Conclusion: The indicator that showed a greater degree of knowledge of Chagas disease by students was signs and symptoms with extensive knowledge. This level obtained is crucial for the diagnosis, early treatment and control of the disease by the health team.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad de Chagas que poseen los estudiantes de enfermería en una institución de educación superior en departamento de Santander Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con estudiantes de VIII y X nivel de enfermería. Para la recolección de información se aplicó un cuestionario basado en indicadores resultado de enfermería: conocimiento proceso de enfermedad relacionado con Chagas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado de la información presentando variables cualitativas mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas, las variables cuantitativas a través de mediana y rango, prueba hipótesis por U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Presenta evidencia estadísticamente significativa en los indicadores proceso de la enfermedad y complicaciones de la enfermedad, valor p < 0.02. Con relación al indicador proceso de la enfermedad, 48,7% de los estudiantes obtuvo conocimiento clasificado sustancial y el 29% conocimiento moderado. El 55.3% tiene conocimiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad, siendo sustancial; similar grado de conocimiento fue obtenido en indicadores: medidas para minimizar la progresión de la enfermedad (60.5%) y Causas o factores contribuyentes (52.6%); en el indicador de signos y síntomas de la enfermedad, el 52,6% de los estudiantes obtuvieron un conocimiento extenso, con puntaje del NOC de 5. Conclusión: El indicador que evidenció un mayor grado de conocimiento de la enfermedad de Chagas por parte de los estudiantes, fue signos y síntomas con grado de conocimiento extenso. Este nivel obtenido, es trascendental para el diagnóstico, tratamiento precoz y control de la enfermedad por parte del equipo de salud.

Pisotón: un programa de desarrollo psicoafectivo, como alternativa para construir la paz / Pisotón: Program in the psycho-emotional development in order to determine its possible contribution to peace-building process / Pisotón: um programa de desenvolvimento psicoafectivo como ferramenta para construir a paz

Resumen (analítico): Este artículo evalúa los resultados de la implementación del Programa Pisotón en el desarrollo psicoafectivo de niños y niñas colombianos entre tres y siete años, para determinar su posible aporte a la construcción de paz en el país. Con este fin, se empleó un estudio cualitativo, utilizando como instrumento las Fábulas de Düss, las cuales se aplicaron a 6808 niños y niñas, antes y después de haber participado del Programa. Los resultados evidencian la reorganización emocional y la reducción de defensas maladaptativas en todas las dimensiones emocionales evaluadas. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el Programa brinda herramientas válidas para la elaboración de los conflictos emocionales, tanto aquellos que son propios del desarrollo, como también aquellos que surgen de contextos de violencia.

Abstract (analytic): This article evaluates the results of the Pisotón Program in the psychoemotional development of Colombian children between the ages of 3 and 7 in order to determine its possible contribution to the country's future peace-building process. To this end, a qualitative research was realized, using the Fábulas de Düss as a research instrument. These were applied with 6,808 boys and girls, before and after participating in the program. The results show the emotional reorganization and reduction of defense mechanisms in all of the evaluated emotional dimensions. These results lead to the conclusion that Pisotón provides valid tools for the resolution of conflicts, both those that are common for this age as well as those that arise from contexts of violence.

Resumo (analítico): Este artigo avalia os resultados da implementação do Programa Pisotón, no desenvolvimento psico-emocional das crianças colombianas com idades entre 3 e 7 anos, para determinar a sua possível contribuição para a construção da paz no país. Para este fim, um estudo qualitativo foi realizado utilizando como instrumento Fábulas de DUSS, que foram aplicados a 6.808 crianças, antes e depois de participar no programa. Os resultados mostram a reorganização emocional e redução de defesas mal adaptadas em todas as dimensões emocionais avaliadas. Estes resultados sugerem que o programa fornece ferramentas válidas para o desenvolvimento de conflitos emocionais, tanto aqueles que estão próprio desenvolvimento, como tambem as decorrentes de situações de violência.

Term structure, code formation and application tools of the clinical care classification system / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The term structure of the clinical care classification system(CCC) is consisted of nursing model, nursing components, nursing terms and term modifiers. Briefly described in this paper are its code formation, code genera-tion steps and application tools.

Expression of apolipoprotein D in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with different survival terms / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate ApoD expression in preoperative serum and tissues of patients with esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma of different survival terms, to explore its correlation with disease prognosis, and to speculate whether it can act as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 731 patients with radical resection of esophageal cancer were collected from Anyang Tumor Hospital in an area of high incidence of esophageal cancer in Henan Province from March 2008 to September 2009. General data, serum samples, and tissue specimens were collected. Patients with two extreme survival terms (34 cases)-a survival period≤3 years and a survival period≥5 years were randomly selected from the database, and the healthy population was used as the normal control group. iTRAQ combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was used to analyze the preoperative se-rum proteins in patients with esophageal cancer and lock the target protein ApoD. Western blot analysis was used to verify the level of ApoD expression in preoperative serum and healthy individuals with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of different survival terms. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression level of ApoD in esophageal cancer tissues and normal tissues. Results: The results of iTRAQ combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS showed that the expression of 52 proteins was up-regulated with prolonged survival, and the difference was significant; ApoD was one amongst them. Western blot results showed that ApoD had the highest serum expression in the≥5 years survival group, followed by normal human serum, and the lowest expression in the group having survival period≤3 years. The difference was statistically significant. Immunohistochemistry results showed that ApoD exhibited the highest expression in normal esophageal squamous epithelium, followed by the ≥5 years survival group, and lowest in the ≤3 years survival group. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: The expression of ApoD is positively correlated with the survival of patients with esophageal cancer, which may be related to the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Thus, ApoD could be a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

Términos económicos más utilizados en la salud (II parte) / Most used economic terms in health (II part)

En este artículo se ofrece el resto de los términos económicos, organizados alfabéticamente de la letra E a la Z, con lo cual se completa el glosario iniciado en el número anterior de esta revista. Se espera que pueda ser útil a todos los estudiantes y profesionales de las ciencias médicas que lo necesiten como material de consulta, y para todos aquellos lectores que deseen incrementar su acervo cultural en la esfera económica.

In this work the rest of the economic terms alphabetically organized are offered from E to Z letters, with which the glossary initiated in the previous number of the present journal is completed. It is expected that this glossary can be useful to all the students and professionals of the medical sciences that need it as consultation material, and for all those readers that want to increase their cultural heritage in the economic sphere.

Términos económicos más utilizados en la salud (II parte) / Most used economic terms in health

Se ofrecen 525 términos económicos organizados alfabéticamente, cuya mayoría comúnmente se emplean en la salud; algunos han sido actualizados por los autores según los cambios de la economía en los momentos actuales, lo que puede contribuir a enriquecer la cultura de estudiantes, profesores y trabajadores no vinculados directamente a la esfera económica, pero que indirectamente participan de ella. El empleo de una serie de vocablos en los Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social del Partido y la Revolución aprobados en el VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba, que no eran de uso común en este país por su diferencia socioeconómica con la economía imperante en el mundo, constituyó el motivo fundamental para la confección de este glosario.

Five hundred and twenty five economic terms alphabetically organized are offered, the majority of them are commonly used in health; some of them have been updated by the authors according to the changes of economy in the current moments, which can contribute to enrich the culture of students, professors and workers not directly linked to the economic sphere, but that participate of it indirectly. The use of a series of words in the Guidelines of the Party and Revolution Economic and Social Politics approved in the VI Congress of the Cuban Communist Party, that were not commonly used in this country due to its socioeconomic difference with the prevailing economy in the world, constituted the fundamental reason for making this glossary.