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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1443407

ABSTRACT

A male neonate born at gestational age of 40 weeks was found to have an enlarged and darkened right hemiscrotum after birth. Left testicle was descended and normal. No clinical signs of distress were evident. A color Doppler ultrasound showed an absence of testicular blood flow, consistent with perinatal testicular torsion. The patient underwent a bilateral scrotal exploration through an inguinal incision and a necrotic right testicle was found. A right orchiectomy and left orchiopexy were performed. Perinatal testicular torsion is a rare but severe condition. A high clinical suspicion is required since most of perinatal testicular torsion are intrauterine and can often be asymptomatic, only with localized findings of the affected testis. The management of perinatal testicular torsion is still controversial; however, the most consensual approach is a prompt testicle exploration with orchiectomy of the necrotic testicle and contralateral orchiopexy


Recém-nascido do sexo masculino com idade gestacional de 40 semanas, com edema e escurecimento cutâneo do hemiescroto direito constatados após o nascimento. O testículo esquerdo era palpável na bolsa escrotal e não apresentava alterações. A ecografia escrotal com Doppler revelou ausência de fluxo vascular no testículo direito, achado compatível com torção testicular perinatal. O doente foi submetido a exploração escrotal bilateral através de abordagem por via inguinal, tendo sido confirmada a necrose do testículo direito. Foi realizada orquidectomia direita e orquidopexia esquerda. A torção testicular perinatal corresponde a uma patologia rara, mas com possíveis consequências graves. O seu diagnóstico requer elevada suspeição clínica, uma vez que a maioria dos casos ocorre no período pré-natal, podendo ser assintomáticos após o nascimento e manifestar-se com alterações localizadas ao testículo afetado. A abordagem da torção testicular perinatal é ainda controversa, sendo mais consensual uma exploração escrotal célere com orquidectomia do testículo necrosado e orquidopexia contralateral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Spermatic Cord Torsion/surgery , Infant, Newborn , Orchiectomy , Orchiopexy
2.
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine ; (12): 972-980, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984251

ABSTRACT

With the widespread use of mobile phones, laptops, and WIFI, the effects of radio frequency radiation (RFR) on human health are of increasing concern, and there are particular concerns about its reproductive toxicity. Studies have shown that the reproductive system is a sensitive target for RFR. In males, RFR is associated with decreased sperm quality and serum testosterone levels, but there are few studies on the biological effects of RFR by altering physical parameters on the male reproductive system. This paper introduced common sources of RFR, reviewed the toxic effects and mechanisms of RFR targeting male reproductive system from the aspects of spermatogenic cells, sperm structure, blood-testicular barrier, and testicular function, and analyzed male reproductive system related toxic effects of RFR by varying physical parameters including frequency, treatment duration, and specific absorption rate, so as to provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the safe and reasonable use of radio frequency electromagnetic field by humans and subsequent in-depth research.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431291

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicoecográficas pre y postquirùrgicas de niños intervenidos por criptorquidia. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y longitudinal, los datos recolectados de historias clínicas del Hospital Sabogal, las variables fueron edad del diagnóstico, tiempo de espera de orquidopexia, testículo afectado, ubicación del testículo y volumen testicular. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 niños menores de 14 años con criptorquidia, la edad del diagnóstico fue 44 meses y de la orquidopexia 49 meses. El tiempo de espera para la orquidopexia fue 4,72 meses, el testículo más afectado fue el derecho (58,82%). Se incluyeron 39 testículos, la ubicación primaria canalicular (71,79 %), la ubicación final escrotal (50,0%), la técnica operatoria fue inguinal (91,18%). El incremento de volumen testicular fue de 0,39 cm3, p = 0,0006, IC 95% (-0,62, -0,17). Conclusiones: La edad de la orquidopexia fue 49 meses y el volumen testicular aumentó en 0,39 cm3 después de la orquidopexia.


Objective: To determine the preand post-surgical clinical-ultrasound characteristics of children operated on for cryptorchidism. Material and methods: Descriptive and longitudinal study, data collected from medical records of the Hospital Sabogal, the variables were age at diagnosis, waiting time for orchidopexy, affected testicle, location of the testicle and testicular volume. Results: We included 34 children under 14 years with cryptorchidism, the age of diagnosis was 44 months and orchidopexy 49 months. The waiting time for orchidopexy was 4.72 months, the most affected testicle was the right (58.82%). 39 testicles were included, the primary canalith location (71.79 %), the final scrotal location (50.0%), the operative technique was inguinal (91.18%). The increase in testicular volume was 0.39 cm3, p = 0.0006, 95% CI (-0.62, -0.17). Conclusions: The age of orchidopexy was 49 months and testicular volume increased by 0.39 cm3 after orchidopexy.

4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(12): 963-969, Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1155046

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the possible occurrence of reproductive changes in male goats associated with ingestion of Cenostigma pyramidale hay. Sixteen animals divided into two experimental groups, G1 and G2 (control group) were used. Animals in G1 received 2% of forage, based on live weight (LW), composed of 100% of C. pyramidale, and animals in G2 received 2% of Panicum maximum "Massai' grass hay, based on LW. Both groups received 1% of concentrated feed supplementation based on LW, along with mineralized salt and water ad libitum. The goats were subjected to weighing, testicular biometry, and semen and blood collection every 30 days. After 120 days, the animals were castrated and their testes were collected. Testicular measurements were performed and fragments were collected for histological processing to determine the gonadosomatic index (GSI), diameter of the seminiferous tubules, height of the germinal epithelium (HGE), volumetric proportion and volume of the testicular parenchyma components, total length of the seminiferous tubules, length of the seminiferous tubules per gram of testis, and leydigosomatic and tubulosomatic indexes. The data were evaluated for normality using the Student's t-test. Data with normal distribution were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the non-parametric data were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, both at 5% probability. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for GSI (G1=0.48 ±0.08 and G2=0.34 ±0.09) and HGE (G1=52.95 ±2.99 and G2=.47.63 ±2.67) between treatments. Consumption of C. pyramidale hay increased LW and, consequently, testicular weight, contributing to high GSI. In conclusion, ingestion of C. pyramidale has no toxic effect on the testicular, seminal and histological parameters of goat testis. Due to its nutritional characteristics, consumption of this plant improves animal body development. Because C. pyramidale is adapted to semi-arid regions, it can be an alternative source of feed for goats during periods of shortage.(AU)


Para avaliar a possível ocorrência de alterações reprodutivas em caprinos machos associado ao consumo de Cenostigma pyramidale, foram utilizados 16 animais divididos em dois grupos experimentais, G1 e G2 (grupo controle). Animais pertencentes ao G1 receberam 2% de volumoso, com base no peso vivo (PV), constituído de 100% de C. pyramidale e o G2 receberam 2%, com base no PV, de feno de Panicum maximum 'Massai'. Todos os grupos receberam 1%, com base no PV, de suplementação concentrada, além de sal mineralizado e água ad libitum. A cada 30 dias os animais eram submetidos à pesagem, biometria testicular e coletas de sêmen. O sêmen foi avaliado quanto ao volume, turbilhonamento, vigor, motilidade, concentração espermática, defeitos maiores, menores e totais. Após 120 dias os animais foram castrados e os testículos coletados. Foram realizadas as mensurações testiculares e coletados fragmentos para o processamento histológico, para determinação do índice gonadossomático, diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos, altura do epitélio germinativo, proporção volumétrica e volume dos componentes do parênquima testicular, comprimento total dos túbulos seminíferos, comprimento de túbulo seminífero por grama de testículo, índices leydigossomático e tubulossomático. Os dados foram avaliados quanto à normalidade pelo teste t de Student, os dados com distribuição normal foram analisados por análise de variância com 5% de probabilidade e os não paramétricos, pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, a 5% de probabilidade. Houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para índice gonadossomático (G1=0,48±0,08 e G2=0,34±0,09) e altura do epitélio germinativo (G1=52,95±2,99 e G2=47,63±2,67) entre os tratamentos. O feno de catingueira promoveu aumento no peso corporal e consequentemente maior peso testicular, o que contribui para elevação do IGS. Concluiu-se que o consumo da C. pyramidale não possui efeito tóxico sobre os parâmetros testiculares, seminais e histológicos do testículo dos caprinos e que a planta, por suas características nutricionais promoveu melhora no desenvolvimento corporal dos animais e por ser uma planta adaptada ao clima do semiárido, se constitui uma fonte alternativa de alimentação para esta categoria animal, durante períodos de escassez de alimento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen , Testis , Goats , Analysis of Variance , Semen Analysis , Fabaceae/chemistry
5.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 20(3): 899-903, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136448

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: polyorchidism is an unusual pathology, about 200 cases in the world literature. Case report: we reported a case of polyorchidism in a 16-year-old male patient diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Discussion: most of the cases presented, there is a supernumerary testis, but there are reports on more than three, up to five testicles with supranumerical gonads on both sides of the scrotum. The diagnosis is usually performed in late puberty, incidentally, with a painless scrotal mass or at the emergency room, presenting a testicular torsion of the whole hemiscrotum or supernumerary testisalone, and the differential diagnosis should be made with epididymal cyst and spermatocele, besides other extra-testicular masses (hydroceles, varicoceles, lipomas, tumors.) and para-testicular masses (hernias, scrotal calculi). After the initial clinical evaluation, ultrasound is the first line subsidiary exam. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very helpful, just in case the ultrasound diagnosis is uncertain. The supernumerary testishave the same Magnetic Resonance Imaging characteristics as the normal testes (intermediate signal intensity on T1- weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images).


Resumo Introdução: o poliorquidismo é uma patologia incomum, contando cerca de 200 casos na literatura mundial. Relato de caso: relatamos um caso de poliorquidismo em um paciente do sexo masculino de 16 anos, diagnosticado por ultrassom e confirmado por ressonância magnética. Discussão: na maioria dos casos apresentados, há um testículo supranumérico, mas há relatos de mais de três, até cinco testículos, com gônadas supranuméricas em ambos os lados do escroto. O diagnóstico geralmente é feito no final da puberdade, aliás, com massa escrotal indolor ou no pronto-socorro, apresentando torção de todo o hemiscroto ou somente do testículo supranumerário, e o diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com cisto epididimário e espermatocele, além de outros massas extratesticulares (hidroceles, varicoceles, lipomas, tumores) e massas paratesticulares (hérnias, cálculos escrotais). Após a avaliação clínica inicial, o ultrassom é a primeira linha do exame subsidiário. A ressonância magnética é muito útil se o diagnóstico por ultrassom não for certo. Os testículos supranumerários têm as mesmas características de ressonância magnética que os testículos normais (intensidade do sinal intermediário nas imagens ponderadas em T1 e alta intensidade do sinal nas imagens ponderadas em T2).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Testicular Diseases/physiopathology , Testicular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Ultrasonography/instrumentation , Testis/abnormalities
6.
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Medical Science) ; (12): 1002-1004, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-843160

ABSTRACT

A 4-year-old boy with a painless mass for 3 years in the left scrotum was admitted to the hospital. Three testicle-like substances could be palpable one by one from groin to scrotum on the left side during physical examination. The upper and middle parts were slightly hard, while the lower part was slightly soft. The splenogonadal fusion (SGF) in the left side was found by laparoscopy after admission. Accessory splenectomy was performed with preservation of the left testicle. Postoperative follow-up was 18 months. The testicles were well developed without atrophy, and abdominal B-ultrasound showed no abnormality in liver, gallbladder and spleen. SGF was a rare congenital abnormality, which was difficult to diagnose preoperatively. During the operation, if the SGF was found, accessory splenectomy with testicle-sparing should be performed. Laparoscope can be used as an effective diagnosis and treatment method to improve the understanding of SGF, and avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

7.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 58(3): e684, jul.-set. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1098979

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 21 años de edad que refiere aumento paulatino del escroto de varios meses de evolución, sin dolor u otros síntomas. Con el objetivo de exponer una lesión benigna paratesticular clasificada como, tumor fibroso de la túnica vaginal, se practicó una escrototomía con toma de biopsia, exéresis de la tumoración y se conservó el testículo. El tejido fibroso fue puesto en evidencia con la biopsia intraoperatoria, posteriormente la histopatología hizo el diagnóstico de tumor fibroso. La orquiectomía es posible evitarla cuando nos encontramos ante lesiones paratesticulares que son benignas en la mayoría de los casos(AU)


ABSTRACT We present the case of a 21-year-old patient who reports a gradual increase in the scrotum of several months of evolution, without pain or other symptoms. In order to expose a benign paratesticular lesion classified as fibrous tumor of the vaginal tunic, a scrototomy was performed with biopsy, excision of the tumor and the testicle was preserved. The fibrous tissue was revealed with the intraoperative biopsy, later histopathology made the diagnosis of fibrous tumor. Orchiectomy can be avoided when we are faced with paratesticular lesions that are benign in most cases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Testis/surgery , Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural/etiology , Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural/pathology
8.
Asian Journal of Andrology ; (6): 201-207, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-842581

ABSTRACT

High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic, sperm, and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control (C, n = 20) and cafeteria (CAF, n = 16) groups. At 3 months, half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol (C-R, n = 10; CAF-R, n = 8) at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 months. Animals were killed at 5 months of age, and blood, spermatozoa, and testes were collected for further analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia (P < 0.0001), and treatment with resveratrol reversed this condition (P < 0.0001). The CAF diet reduced sperm viability and motility, while resveratrol improved these parameters (P < 0.05). Regarding testicular morphology, the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group (P = 0.0007). Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group. However, the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group (P = 0.0024). Although it did not modify body mass, the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia, adverse testicular morphology remodeling, and abnormal sperm, which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol, thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.

9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(8): 1554-1563, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976476

ABSTRACT

Orchiectomized bulls have advantages in the meat quality and ease of handling. Chemical castration is an option for surgical castration and the sclerosing agents can be administered into the testicular or epididymis parenchyma. These agents have a lower incidence of complications than surgery, especially when associated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which has anti-inflammatory action and increases the absorption of other drugs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride solution associated with DMSO for the chemical sterilization of bulls. Twenty-four young adult bulls were utilized, distributed into 3 groups (G20, G30 and G40, n = 8/group), according to the calcium chloride concentration (20, 30 and 40%), in 10mL volume. Serum concentrations of testosterone, body weight, testicular volume and ecotexture, clinical signs and behavior and were evaluated for 45 days. Thus, the animals were orchiectomized and testicles were assessed histologically. There were no changes in body weight, decreased serum testosterone concentrations (except G30), signs of scrotal sensitivity or changes in behavior over the period. However, there was significant increase in testicular volume, especially on the 2nd and 3rd day after treatment, with values returning to the value initials at 15 days. Testicular adherence and firm consistency were observed during orchiectomy. Ultrasound examination revealed a loss of integrity of the median raphe, with cavity formation and an alteration of the testicular echotexture. In the histological evaluation, coagulation necrosis of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells was observed, mainly in the medial portion in all groups. Some animals presented total absence of tubular formations in all the studied groups, being the effects of greater intensity in the G40. Additionally, pronounced edema was noted in all groups, especially in G40. Inflammatory infiltrate, fibroplasia and neovascularization were found to be predominantly discrete. Based on the conditions used in this study, we conclude that calcium chloride associated with DMSO can be used as a method of chemical sterilization in bovines.(AU)


Bovinos orquiectomizados apresentam vantagens na qualidade da carne e facilidade no manejo. A quimioesterilização é uma opção à castração cirúrgica e os agentes esclerosantes podem ser administrados no parênquima testicular ou epidídimo. Estes produtos possuem menor incidência de complicações, comparados a cirurgia, especialmente quando associados ao dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO), que apresenta ação anti-inflamatória e aumenta a absorção de outros fármacos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de uma única injeção intratesticular de solução de cloreto de cálcio associado com 0,5% de DMSO para a esterilização química de bovinos. Vinte e quatro touros adultos jovens foram utilizados, distribuídos em 3 grupos (G20, G30 e G40, n = 8/grupo) de acordo com a concentração de cloreto de cálcio (20, 30 e 40%), em um volume de 10mL. Foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas de testosterona, peso corporal, volume e ecotextura testicular, sinais clínicos e comportamento por 45 dias. A seguir, os animais foram submetidos à orquiectomia e os testículos avaliados histologicamente. Não foram observadas alterações do peso corporal, diminuição das concentrações de testosterona sérica (exceto no G30), sinais de sensibilidade escrotal ou alterações no comportamento no período avaliado. Porém, houve aumento significativo do volume testicular, especialmente nos 2º e 3º dia após o tratamento, com valores retornando aos iniciais aos 15 dias. Aderência e consistência firme dos testículos foram achados observados durante a orquiectomia. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou perda de integridade da rafe mediana, com formação de cavidades e alteração da ecotextura testicular. Na avaliação histológica, verificou-se necrose de coagulação de túbulos seminíferos e células intersticiais acentuada, principalmente, na porção medial em todos os grupos, sendo que em alguns animais havia ausência total das formações tubulares em todos os grupos estudados, sendo os efeitos de maior intensidade no G40. Além disso, edema foi acentuado em todos os grupos, principalmente em G40. Infiltrado inflamatório, fibroplasia e neovascularização foram achados predominantemente discretos. Com base nas condições utilizadas neste estudo, conclui-se que o cloreto de cálcio associado com o DMSO pode ser utilizado como um método de esterilização química em bovinos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Cattle/surgery , Orchiectomy/veterinary , Calcium Chloride/analysis , Castration/statistics & numerical data
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(1): 73-81, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-888071

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pST injections on metabolism, testicular size, and sperm characteristics in young boars. Sixty 22-day old piglets were divided into two groups: pST (n=30) and Control (n=30). The pST group was submitted to pST injections (90µg/kg body weight) every three days up to 330 days of age. Blood collections were performed weekly. Testicular weight was measures at 22, 82, 142, 202 and 365 days of age. Libido and fresh semen characteristics were evaluated between 150 and 210 days of age. Semen characteristics were also evaluated during a 72h storage period (15ºC). Testosterone, albumin, and phosphorus blood concentrations were higher in the pST group (P<0.05). The pST group had a higher IGF-I concentration in seminal plasma (P=0.05) and higher testicular weight (P<0.001) compared to the Control group. The pST group had higher ejaculate volume (P<0.001), total sperm count (P=0.047) and number of inseminating doses/ejaculate (P=0.047). During the 72h storage period, the pST group had a lower number of morphological alterations (P<0.001) compared to the Control group. In sum, pST injection in young boars increased testosterone concentration, testicular size, and sperm quality.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da administração de pST sobre o metabolismo, o tamanho testicular e a qualidade espermática de cachaços jovens. Foram usados leitões com 22 dias de idade, divididos em dois grupos: pST (n=30) e controle (n=30). O grupo pST foi submetido a injeções de pST (90µg/kg de peso vivo) a cada três dias até 330 dias de idade. Peso testicular foi avaliado aos 22, 82, 142, 202 e 365 dias de idade. Libido e qualidade do sêmen fresco foram avaliados entre 150 e 210 dias de idade. Qualidade espermática foi avaliada durante refrigeração (15ºC) por um período de 72 horas. Concentrações sanguíneas de testosterona, albumina e fósforo foram maiores no grupo pST (P<0,05). O grupo pST apresentou maior concentração de IGF-I no plasma seminal (P=0,05) e maior peso testicular, quando comparado ao grupo controle (P<0,001). O grupo pST apresentou maior volume espermático (P<0,001), concentração espermática (P=0,047) e número de doses espermáticas por ejaculado (P=0,047). Durante o período de 72 horas de refrigeração, o grupo pST teve menor número de patologias espermáticas (P<0,001). Assim, conclui-se que a administração de pST aumenta a concentração sanguínea de testosterona, o tamanho testicular e a qualidade espermática de cachaços jovens.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Swine/embryology , Swine/metabolism , Growth Hormone/analysis , Testis , Semen Analysis/veterinary
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(1): 213-221, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-888080

ABSTRACT

Studies on reproduction in sea turtles are important due to its life cycle, migratory patterns, high juvenile mortality and environmental impacts. This study aimed to analyse histomorphometrically gonads of C. mydas from the coastline of the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Ovaries and testicles were collected between 2014 and 2015 from stranded animals. The material was fixed in formalin 10%, assessed macroscopically and processed for histomorphometrical evaluation. Gonads from 34 individuals were evaluated, twenty-four females and ten males. Macroscopic sexual identification presented 100% accuracy confirmed by histology. Sexual dimorphism was observed in one individual, which was considered as adult (CCL=1.023 m). Microscopy of female gonads revealed predominant previtellogenic follicles; oocyte diameter ranged between 161µm and 750µm and a positive correlation between ovarian length, largest oocyte and CCL was found. In males, autolysis was verified in five individuals. Viable testicles revealed predominant spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules and, Leydig cells and fibroblasts in the stroma. There was a positive correlation between tubular diameter and CCL and testicle length and CCL. Maturation of stromal tissue and a positive correlation between tubular lumen and CCL were also observed. Gonad development is proportional to individual growth.(AU)


Estudos em reprodução de tartarugas marinhas são importantes devido ao ciclo de vida, ao padrão migratório, à alta mortalidade juvenil e aos impactos ambientais. Objetivou-se analisar histomorfometricamente gônadas de C. mydas no litoral do Espírito Santo. Foram coletados ovários e testículos dessa espécie, entre 2014 e 2015. O material foi fixado em formol a 10% e avaliado macroscopicamente. Em seguida, foi processado para avaliação histomorfométrica. Foram avaliadas gônadas de 34 indivíduos, 24 fêmeas e 10 machos. Verificaram-se 100% de acurácia na identificação sexual à macroscopia, confirmada pela histologia. Observou-se dimorfismo sexual em um macho, que foi considerado adulto (CCC=1,023m). A microscopia dos ovários revelou folículos pré-vitelogênicos, cujos ovócitos apresentaram diâmetro médio entre 161µm e 750µm. Houve correlação positiva entre comprimento ovariano e diâmetro do maior ovócito e CCC. Nos machos, verificou-se autólise em cinco indivíduos. Os testículos viáveis revelaram espermatogônias, espermatócitos primários e células de Sertoli nos túbulos seminíferos, além de células de Leydig e fibroblastos no estroma. Houve correlação positiva entre diâmetro tubular e CCC e comprimento testicular e CCC. Verificou-se maturação do tecido estromal e correlação positiva entre o diâmetro do lúmen tubular e o CCC. Verifica-se que o desenvolvimento das gônadas é proporcional ao crescimento dos indivíduos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Testis/growth & development , Turtles/anatomy & histology , Gonads/abnormalities , Histology
12.
Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology ; (12): 929-933, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-706359

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore an auxiliary method to improve DWI image quality of testis.Methods Thirty healthy male volunteers were selected,and EPI-DWI and FSE-T2WI scanning with the same parameters were successively performed according to three different schemes.Scheme A:Padding ultrasonic coupling agent-soft rubber bag at the scanning position.Scheme B:Padding physiological saline-soft rubber bag at the scanning position.Scheme C:No preexamination treatment at the scanning position.FSE-T2WI (the same scheme and the same slice) was used as the reference of anatomic form,and the images were conducted by two attending doctors.The image geometric distortion,signal uniformity and anatomical clarity were scored by 5 points method.SNR and CNR of were calculated by one of the two doctors.The scoring consistency between the two doctors was evaluated.The scoring of image geometric distortion,signal uniformity,anatomic clarity,SNR and CNR of the three schemes were statistically analyzed.Results The scoring consistency of image geometrical distortion,signal uniformity and anatomical clarity of the three schemes were relatively good or better between the two doctors (Kappa=0.805,0.737 and 0.713).There were significant differences of image geometrical distortion,signal uniformity and anatomical clarity scoring obtained from three schemes (comparisons between groups and overall comparison,all P< 0.05),superiority:Scheme A> Scheme B> Scheme C.Conclusion Ultrasonic coupling agent-soft rubber bag padding method can significantly improve DWI imaging quality of testis.

13.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(4): 1444-1450, Dec. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893155

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La espermatogénesis es un proceso continuo que se inicia durante el desarrollo embriofetal. Las relaciones auto, para y yuxtacrinas indican la interdependencia de las células intersticiales (de Leydig) con las células peritubulares (lamina propia) y células sustentaculares (de Sertoli). Ciertos morfógenos son fundamentales en este proceso. Las células sustentaculares son capaces de regular la diferenciación y función de las células peritubulares e intersticiales a través de la producción de IGF1, TGFA, TGFB y DHH. Las células peritubulares son capaces de producir P-Mod-S, regulando la diferenciación de las células sustentaculares, y a través de FGF2 y FGF9 modulan las transiciones epitelio-mesenquimática entre células sustentaculares y mesonefros. También remodelan la membrana basal del condón testicular y regulan la diferenciación y función de las células intersticiales por medio de IGF1, TGFA y TGFB. Las células intersticiales son las reponsables de la producción de testosterona e INSL3, influyendo en la diferenciación sexual masculina. Se plantea que provienen de células mesenquimales del epitelio celómico y mesonefros. Sin embargo, otros autores proponen su origen a partir de células de la cresta neural. Estas influyen a través de mecanismos paracrinos en la proliferación de las células sutentaculares por medio de activina A, teniendo como resultado la expansión del cordón testicular. Las interacciones entre las distintas poblaciones celulares a través de morfógenos inducen una transición epitelio-mesénquima fundamental en la formación y diferenciación de la gónada masculina.


SUMMARY: Spermatogenesis is a continuous process which starts during the embryo-fetal development. Auto, para and juxtacrine relations indicate the interdependence of the interstitial cells (Leydig) with the peritubular cells (lamina propria) and sustentacular cells (Sertoli). Certain morphogens are fundamental in this process. Sustentacular cells are able to regulate differentiation and function and peritubular interstitial cells through production of IGF1, TGFA, TGFB and DHH. Peritubular cells are able to produce P-Mod-S regulating differentiation sustentacular cells and through FGF2 and FGF9 modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions between sustentacular cells and mesonephros. They also remodel the basal membrane of the testicular condom and regulate the differentiation and function of the interstitial cells by means of IGF1, TGFA and TGFB. Interstitial cells are responsible for the production of testosterone and INSL3, influencing male sexual differentiation. It is suggested that they come from mesenchymal cells of the coelomic epithelium and mesonephros. However, other authors propose their origin from cells of the neural crest. These influence through paracrine mechanisms proliferation sutentaculares cells by activin A, resulting in the expansion of cord testicular. The interactions between the different cell populations through morphogens induce a fundamental epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the formation and differentiation of the male gonad.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Connective Tissue Cells/cytology , Sertoli Cells/cytology , Testis/cytology , Testis/embryology , Fetus , Testis/growth & development
14.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(11): e20170135, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044911

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Cryopreservation of testicular tissue enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity in different animal species, and contributes to the formation of gene banks for endangered species. The spermatogonia present in the testes can be grown in vitro and the sperm obtained can be used in artificial breeding programs. This review aimed to describe the main techniques of testicular cryopreservation, the main cryoprotectants used, as well as the progress made in different animal species thus far. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in obtaining viable and functional germ cells from testicular tissue. However, more research is needed to better establish protocols that can be used in clinical practice with various species.


RESUMO: A criopreservação do tecido testicular possibilita a manutenção da capacidade reprodutiva em diferentes espécies animais e contribui para a formação de bancos de germoplasma nas espécies ameaçadas de extinção. As espermatogônias presentes nos testículos podem ser cultivadas in vitro e os espermatozoides obtidos utilizados em programas de reprodução artificial. Assim, esta revisão teve como objetivo descrever as principais técnicas de criopreservação testicular, os principais crioprotetores utilizados e os avanços obtidos até o presente momento nas diferentes espécies animais. Na última década, os avanços obtidos com a utilização do tecido testicular para obtenção de células germinativas viáveis e funcionais foram significativos. Todavia, o estabelecimento de protocolos que possam ser utilizados na rotina clínica em diferentes espécies ainda necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos.

15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(6): 500-503, June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896366

ABSTRACT

Sumary The identification of a escrotal mass without pain or report of trauma should be investigated to rule out scrotal cancer. We report the case of a young Brazilian boy who underwent orchiectomy after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and duplex scan (DS) indicating a high possibility of cancer. Blood exams ruled out the possibility of cancer. Testicular biopsy was not indicated. After surgery the diagnostic was extensive orchiepididymitis by Schistosoma. In endemic areas orchiepididymis by Schistosoma should be investigate to avoid unnecessary surgeries. This patient was also infected with Zika virus.


Resumo A identificação de massa escrotal sem relato de dor ou trauma deve ser investigada a fim de afastar a possibilidade de câncer escrotal. O artigo reporta o caso de um jovem brasileiro que apresentou massa escrotal com essas características. Ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) e ultrassonografia (US) indicaram grande possibilidade de câncer. Os marcadores tumorais sanguíneos estavam normais, e a biópsia não poderia ser realizada. O resultado anatomopatológico diagnosticou extensa fibrose esquistossomótica, associada a quadro clínico e sorológico de Zika vírus concomitantemente. Em regiões endêmicas, pacientes com alterações escrotais devem ser pesquisados a fim de evitar cirurgias desnecessárias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Testicular Diseases/parasitology , Testicular Diseases/virology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Zika Virus Infection , Testicular Diseases/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis
16.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(6): 650-656, jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895460

ABSTRACT

Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.(AU)


A semente de linhaça é considerada um alimento funcional com vários efeitos benéficos à saúde. Entretanto, devido ao seu elevado teor de fitoestrógenos, esta semente pode influenciar no metabolismo hormonal e interferir na biomorfologia gonadal. Neste estudo, utilizamos a histomorfometria computadorizada para avaliar os túbulos seminíferos e epididimários, considerando as diferentes regiões do epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) de ratos submetidos a uma dieta prolongada de semente de linhaça. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens (n=20) divididos em 2 grupos, durante o período de lactação: Grupo Controle (GC) a base de caseína e Grupo Linhaça (GL) alimentados com 25% de semente de linhaça. Ao final de 250 dias de ingestão contínua, os animais foram sacrificados e amostra de sangue foi coletada. Os testículos e epidídimos foram retirados e fixados em formol tamponado. As amostras foram submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina para parafina e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina. Foi feita a imunomarcação com anticorpo antivimentina para identificação das células de Sertoli. Para morfometria, as imagens das lâminas foram digitalizadas e analisadas pelo software ImageJ para obtenção dos dados de altura epitelial, diâmetro e área tubular e luminal. Na avaliação hormonal o GL teve maior concentração de estrógeno sérico (p=0,001), mas nenhuma mudança na concentração de testosterona foi observada. Nos parâmetros morfométricos dos túbulos seminíferos e das regiões epididimárias, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos analisados. Da mesma forma, a quantificação das células de Sertoli não apresentaram diferenças significativas no GL (p=0,98). Estes resultados mostraram que o consumo contínuo e prolongado de 25% de semente de linhaça desde período gestacional até 250 dias de idade, mesmo com o aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de estradiol, não exerceram efeitos adversos sobre a estrutura testicular e epididimária, assim como nas células participantes da espermatogênese em ratos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Seeds , Testis/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology , Flax/adverse effects , Epididymis/anatomy & histology , Seminiferous Tubules/anatomy & histology , Sertoli Cells , Vimentin , Histological Techniques/veterinary , Phytoestrogens/adverse effects
17.
Rev. méd. (La Paz) ; 23(1): 25-29, 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-902418

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Establecer las características clínico epidemiológicas de criptorquidia en pacientes internados en los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2016 DISEÑO: estudio descriptivo y prospectivo donde se realizó la recolección de datos de una serie de casos de pacientes internados con criptorquidia LUGAR: Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría" (La Paz- Bolivia) MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes de edades entre 1 y 10 años. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada a los padres aplicando un instrumento precodificado, previo consentimiento verbal. Luego se realizó una revisión del expediente clínico para completar datos. Se ingresó los datos a una base Excel, se procedió al análisis de los mismos a través del uso de la estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: El rango de edad de tratamiento fue 1 año a 10 años y 2meses, con promedio de 3 años y 8 meses; la edad al momento del diagnóstico en promedio fue 2 años y 9 meses. El tiempo transcurrido entre diagnóstico y tratamiento fue 11 meses. La criptorquidia derecha fue más frecuente con 53%. El hallazgo diagnóstico se realizó en primera instancia por un familiar en 28% y en 72% por un personal de salud. El 68% fue diagnosticado en el primer nivel, 9% en segundo y 23% en el tercero. CONCLUSIONES: La edad en la que se opera y diagnostica la criptorquidia en nuestro medio no está dentro de las recomendaciones americanas y europeas.


OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical epidemiological characteristics of cryptorchidism in hospitalized patients from September to December 2016 DESIGN: descriptive and prospective study where the data collection of a series of inpatient cases with cryptorchidism PLACE: Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría "(La Paz- Bolivia) METHODS: We included 64 patients aged 1 to 10 years. A structured interview was conducted with parents using a pre-coded instrument, with prior verbal consent. A review of the clinical file was completed to complete data. The data were entered into an Excel database, and the analysis was performed through the use of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The age range of treatment was 1 year to 10 years and 2 months, with an average of 3 years and 8 months; The average age at diagnosis was 2 years and 9 months. The time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment was 11 months. The most common type of cryptorchidism was the right one with 53%. The diagnostic finding was made in the first instance by a relative in 28% and in 72% by a health personnel. 68% were diagnosed in the first level, 9% in the second and 23% in the third. CONCLUSIONS: The age at which cryptorchidism is operated and diagnosed in our country is not within the American and European recommendations.


Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Mathematical Computing , Cryptorchidism/surgery
18.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(4): 803-809, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794693

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the incidence of anatomical anomalies in patients with retractile testis. Materials and Methods: We studied prospectively 20 patients (28 testes) with truly retractile testis and compared them with 25 human fetuses (50 testes) with testis in scrotal position. We analyzed the relations among the testis, epididymis and patency of the processus vaginalis (PV). To analyze the relations between the testis and epididymis, we used a previous classification according to epididymis attachment to the testis and the presence of epididymis atresia. To analyze the structure of the PV, we considered two situations: obliteration of the PV and patency of the PV. We used the Chi-square test for contingency analysis of the populations under study (p <0.05). Results: The fetuses ranged in age from 26 to 35 weeks post-conception (WPC) and the 20 patients with retractile testis ranged in ages from 1 to 12 years (average of 5.8). Of the 50 fetal testes, we observed complete patency of the PV in 2 cases (4%) and epididymal anomalies (EAs) in 1 testis (2%). Of the 28 retractile testes, we observed patency of the PV in 6 cases (21.4%) and EA in 4 (14.28%). When we compared the incidence of EAs and PV patency we observed a significantly higher prevalence of these anomalies in retractile testes (p=0.0116). Conclusions: Retractile testis is not a normal variant with a significant risk of patent processus vaginalis and epididymal anomalies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Testis/abnormalities , Cryptorchidism/complications , Epididymis/abnormalities , Fetus/embryology , Testicular Hydrocele/complications , Testis/embryology , Prospective Studies , Gestational Age , Cryptorchidism/surgery , Cryptorchidism/embryology , Epididymis/surgery , Testicular Hydrocele/surgery
19.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(4): 258-262, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787569

ABSTRACT

With the objective to assess the effect of scrotal bipartition on spermatogenesis in sheep, the testes were used from 12 crossbred rams of sheep farms in the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil, distributed into two groups: GI with six rams with scrotal bipartition, and GII with six rams without scrotal bipartition. The testicular biometry was measured and the testes were collected, fixed in Bouin and fragments were processed to obtain histological slides. The spermatogenesis yield and the Sertoli cell efficiency was estimated by counting the cells of the spermatogenetic line at stage one of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and the Sertoli cells. The results were submitted to analysis of variance with the ASSISTAT v.7.6 program and the mean values were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (SNK) at 5% significance. The testicular biometric parameters did not show statistical difference (p>0.05) between the groups. The meiotic, spermatogenetic and Sertoli cell efficiency were higher in bipartitioned rams (p<0.05), while the mitotic yield did not differ (p>0.05) between GI and GII. The results indicated that there is superiority in the spermatogenetic parameters of bi-partitioned rams, suggesting that these sheep present, as reported in goats, indication of better reproductive indices.


Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da bipartição escrotal sobre a espermatogênese em ovinos, foram utilizados os testículos de 12 ovinos sem raça definida oriundos de criadouros do município de Patos-PB, Brasil, distribuídos em dois grupos, GI de seis animais com bipartição escrotal e o GII de seis animais sem bipartição escrotal. Realizou-se a aferição da biometria testicular, em seguida, os testículos foram coletados, fixados em Bouin e fragmentos foram processados para obtenção de lâminas histológicas. Foi estimado o rendimento da espermatogênese e eficiência das células de Sertoli contando-se as células da linhagem espermatogênica no estádio I do Ciclo do Epitélio Seminífero, bem como as células de Sertoli. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo programa ASSISTAT v.7.6 e os valores médios foram comparados pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) a 5% de significância. Os parâmetros de biometria testicular não apresentaram diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre os grupos. Os rendimentos meiótico, espermatogênico e a eficiência das células de Sertoli mostraram-se superiores em animais bipartidos (p<0,05), enquanto o rendimento mitótico não diferiu (p>0,05) entre GI e GII. Os resultados indicaram existir superioridade nos parâmetros espermatogênicos de ovinos bipartidos, sugerindo que estes animais apresentam, assim como constatado em caprinos, indicativo de melhores índices reprodutivos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Sertoli Cells/physiology , Scrotum/anatomy & histology , Scrotum/physiology , Spermatogenesis/physiology , Sheep/physiology , Biometry , Testis/physiology
20.
Natal; s.n; mar. 2015. 132 p. map, graf, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867389

ABSTRACT

Os cânceres que acometem os órgãos genitais masculinos e femininos, em conjunto com o câncer de mama, são responsáveis por cerca de 20% dos óbitos por câncer no mundo. Conhecer os padrões de mortalidade por esses cânceres no Brasil, as mudanças que se produziram ao longo do tempo, os grupos mais vulneráveis e a carga de mortalidade que se apresentará no futuro são elementos básicos para a estruturação das ações assistenciais e de vigilância do câncer. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as tendências de mortalidade pelos cânceres que acometem órgãos que são específicos a cada gênero e projetar a mortalidade por esses cânceres até o ano de 2030, para o Brasil, regiões e estados da federação. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de base populacional que analisou os óbitos, ocorridos no período 1996 a 2010, decorrentes dos cânceres de colo do útero, corpo do útero, mama feminina, ovários, vulva, vagina, próstata, pênis e testículos, registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade; as informações sobre população foram obtidas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foi aplicada a Regressão loglineal (Joinpoint regression) com taxas padronizadas (população mundial: ASR-W) para estimar o Annual Percentage Change (APC), o Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC), o intervalo de confiança 95% e os pontos de inflexão da curva; as projeções foram calculadas através do programa Nordpred, inscrito no programa R, utilizando o modelo idade-período-coorte, analisando posteriormente se as mudanças que se produzirão no futuro serão decorrentes da exposição aos fatores de risco e/ou da estrutura da população exposta ao risco. Todas as análises também foram aplicadas para o conjunto de todos os óbitos por câncer (com exceção dos cânceres de pele não-melanoma).


Para o Brasil, a mortalidade pelos cânceres de pênis (APC=1,5% IC95% 0,7;2,3 p<0,05), testículos (APC=1,6% IC95% 0,5;2,8 p<0,05) e ovários (APC=0,8% IC95% 0,1; 1,5 p<0,05), mostraram tendência de aumento, enquanto os cânceres de vulva e vagina (APC=-0,1% IC95% -0,9; 0,7 p=0,8), corpo de útero (APC= -0,3 IC95% -1,0; 0,5 p=0,4), mama (APC=0,4% IC95% -0,2;1,0 p=0,2) e de próstata (AAPC= 1,1% IC95% -0,2; 2,4 p=0,1) apresentaram tendência de estabilidade. A mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero apresentou tendência de redução (APC=-1,7% IC95%-2,2; -1,1 p<0,05). A análise do agrupamento de todos os óbitos por câncer observou tendência de aumento na mortalidade para o sexo masculino até o ano de 2006 (APC= 1,2% IC95% 0,6;1,8 p<0,01), seguido de um período de estabilidade. Para o sexo feminino, a tendência é de estabilidade (APC=0,4% IC95% -0,2;-1,8 p=0,2). As taxas de mortalidade para todos os cânceres analisados mostraram, de maneira geral, tendência de redução nas regiões sul e sudeste, tendência de aumento nas regiões norte e nordeste, e estabilidade para a região centro oeste. Na projeção da mortalidade para o ano 2030, as regiões norte e nordeste responderão pelas maiores taxas de mortalidade para os cânceres analisados; todavia, para as demais regiões, será observada redução nas taxas em comparação com o último período observado. Destacase o câncer de testículo, para o qual será observado aumento de 33% na carga da mortalidade até o ano 2030. Para os demais cânceres, não serão observadas variações consideráveis nas taxas de mortalidade para o Brasil entre o último período observado e o último período projetado. A estrutura e o tamanho da população brasileira serão os fatores que explicarão os padrões de mortalidade por esses cânceres no futuro, embora para a região nordeste, as variações serão explicadas, em maior medida, pelo aumento do risco para esses cânceres.


Conclui-se, portanto, que existe uma marcante desigualdade na distribuição da mortalidade pelos cânceres específicos ao gênero no Brasil, onde as regiões mais pobres apresentam um quadro de aumento significativo do número de óbitos ao longo de uma série histórica, e que em 2030, essas regiões responderão pelas maiores taxas de mortalidade no país, com ênfase para os cânceres de pênis, testículos e ovários. (AU)


Cancers that attack male and female genital organs, along with breast cancer, are responsible for approximately 20% of cancer-related deaths in the world. Knowledge on the mortality patterns for these cancers in Brazil, the changes produced throughout time, the most vulnerable groups and the mortality burden in the future are basic elements for structuring assistance and vigilance actions for cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of cancers that attack gender-specific organs, and project mortality until the year 2030, for Brazil, its geographic regions, and federation states. A population-based ecological study is presented herein, which analyzed deaths occurring within the period 1996-2010, due to cancers of the uterine cervix, uterine corpus, female breast, ovary, vulva, vagina, prostrate, penis and testicles, registered in the Mortality Information System. Data on population was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Joinpoint regression was applied with standardized rates (world population: ASR-W) to estimate the Annual Percentage Change (APC), the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC), the confidence interval 95% and the inflection points of the curve. The projections were calculated by the Norpred program, inscribed within the R program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model, with posterior analysis of whether the changes produced in the future will be consequences of exposition to risk factors and/or structure of the population exposed to risk. The analyses were also applied to the set of all cancer-related deaths (with exception for non-melanoma skin cancers). For Brazil, mortality due to cancers of penis (APC=1.5% CI95% 0.7;2.3 p<0.05), testicles (APC=1.6% CI95% 0.5;2.8 p<0.05) and ovary (APC=0.8% CI95% 0.1; 1.5 p<0.05) showed increasing trends, while cancers of vulva and vagina (APC=-0.1% IC95% -0.9; 0.7 p=0.8), uterine corpus (APC=-0.3 CI95% - 1.0; 0.5 p=0.4), breast (APC=0.4% CI95% -0.2;1.0 p=0.2) and prostrate (AAPC= 1.1% CI95% -0.2; 2.4 p=0.1) presented stable trends. Mortality due to cervical cancer presented reducing trends (APC=-1.7% ICI95%-2.2; -1.1 p<0.05). Analysis of the grouping of all cancer-related deaths presented increasing mortality trends for the male gender until the year 2006 (APC= 1.2% CI95% 0.6; 1.8 p<0.01), followed by a stability period. For females, the trend was stable (APC=0.4% CI95% -0.2;-1.8 p=0.2). The mortality rates for all analyzed cancers revealed, generally, reducing trends for the South and Southeast regions, increasing trends for the North and Northeast regions, and stability for the Midwest region. Mortality projections for the year 2030 indicate that the North and Northeast regions will suffer the highest mortality rates for the analyzed cancers; however, for the remaining regions, reduced rates will be observed in comparison with the last period analyzed. It must be highlighted that, for testicle cancer, there will be an increase of 33% in mortality burden until the year 2030. For the remaining cancers, significant variations will not be observed in mortality rates for the last observed period and the last projected period in Brazil. The structure and size of the Brazilian population are the factors explaining the mortality patterns for these cancers in the future, although for the Northeast region, the variations will be explained mostly by the increase in risk for these cancers. It is concluded that there is a pronounced inequality in the distribution of gender-specific cancer mortality in Brazil, where the poorer regions present a significant increasing situation of the number of deaths throughout a historical series. In 2030, these regions will present the highest mortality rates in the country, with emphasis on penis, testicle and ovarian cancers. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brazil/epidemiology , Mortality/trends , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Public Policy , Health Information Systems , Regression Analysis , Ecological Studies , Penile Neoplasms , Testicular Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms , Prostatic Neoplasms
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