A thirty years follow-up study on Schistosomiasis mansoni in a community of Minas Gerais, Brazil

During thirty years - 1973-2003 - a group of individuals infected by Schistosoma mansoni in Capitão Andrade, Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was evaluated by the same authors, being one of the longest follow-up studies on schistosomiasisis mansoni in an endemic area. The diagnosis of S. mansoni was based on parasitological stool tests. In the clinical classification, three groups were considered: type I - schistosomiasis-infection, type II - hepatointestinal form, and type III- hepatosplenic form. The prevalence of infection were 60.8 percent in 1973, 36.2 percent in 1984, 27.3 percent in 1994, and 19.4 percent in 2003, while the index of hepatosplenomegaly were respectively 5.8 percent, 2.8 percent, 2.3 percent and 1.3 percent. The maintenance of high prevalence and severity of clinical forms are probably related to reinfection.

Biópsia Renal Percutânea: Experiência Pessoal em 30 Anos / Percutaneous Renal Biopsy: A 30-Year Personal Experience

Introdução: A biópsia renal percutânea constitui padrão ouro para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento das doenças renais, especialmente dasglomerulopatias. Métodos: Foram analisadas 712 biópsias renais percutâneas em 692 pacientes, no período de julho de 1972 a março de 2001, sendo 461 rins nativos e 251 rins transplantados. Resultados: A incidência de complicações foi mais freqüente nos rins transplantados do que nos nativos. Acomplicação mais comum foi a hematúria macroscópica nas primeiras 24 horas, sendo maior nos rins transplantados do que nos nativos (p=0,019). Nos rins transplantados, a utilização da agulha de Silverman, ou automática não alterou a incidência de complicações (p=0,58) ou o número de glomérulos obtidos (p=0,26). Não foram obtidos fragmentos renais em apenas 12 pacientes (1,8%). Discussão e Conclusão: Nossa experiência com a biópsia renal percutânea em rins nativos e transplantados durante 30 anos, à semelhança dos relatos na literatura, mostra que o procedimento é de baixo risco. As dificuldades encontradas na década de 70 foram contornadas pelo aparecimento de técnicas mais eficazes para localização dos rins e pelodesenvolvimento de agulhas de manipulação mais fácil.

Introduction: Percutaneous renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, establishment of prognosis and treatment of renal disease, in particularglomerular diseases. Methods: We analyzed 712 percutaneous renal biopsies in 692 patients between July 1972 and March 2001, 461 with native kidneys and 251 with transplanted kidneys. Results: The incidence of complications was higher in transplanted kidneys compared to native kidneys. The most frequent complication was macroscopic hematuria in the first 24 hours, which was more common in transplanted kidneys (p=0.019). In transplanted kidneys, the complication rate using either the Silverman’s needle or an automatic device was similar (p=0.58). The number of glomeruli obtained with the two techniques was also comparable (p=0.26). No fragment was obtained from the kidneys of only 2 patients (1.8%). Conclusion: Similarly to other reports described in the literature, our experience with percutaneous renal biopsy in native and transplanted kidneys over a period of 30 years demonstrates that this procedure carries a low risk of complications. The initial problems related to the procedure seen in the 70’s seem to have been circumvented by thedevelopment of better location techniques and design of easier-to-manage needles.

Change on the Food and Nutrient Intake Patterns of Men over Thirty Years Old in Jeon-ju Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The objective of this study was to estimate changes on the flood and nutrient intake patterns of men over thirty years old in Jeon-Ju area. The first survey was conducted from December in 1991 to January in 1992, tile second one from January to February in 1994 and the third one from July to August in 1997. The nutrition survey using 24-hour recall method was executed to 303 subjects : 89, 82, 132 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Results of the study are as follows : Kimchi, rice, garlic and onions were the most frequently eaten food items. Total daily intakes of foods were 85 : 15, 81 : 19 and 81 : 19 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. The average numbers of foods per person were 15.7, 20.1 and 21.9 daily in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively and tends to increase significantly(p<0.05). The minimum numbers of foods per person were 4, 7 and 9 and the maximum numbers of foods per person were 27, 35 and 39 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) is determined by how many among the five food groups (cereals, vegetables, meats, milks, oils groups)were consumed per day. Most subjects earned the KDDS "3" ; 61, 46 and 42% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Average daily energy intakes wee 1,62 kcal(72% of RDA), 2,063 kcal(89% of RDA) and 1,818 kcal (79% of RDA) in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Energy intake rates of cereals : total energy intake were 65, 59, and 60% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively, which were decreasing. Protein intakes were 58g(72% of RDA), 79g(107% of RDA) and 71g(97% of RDA), respectively and animal protein comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively and animal protein comprised 38, 46, and 48% ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively, of which animal fat comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased, too. Malnourished (under 75% of RDA) rates were respectively 64, 34, and 47% in terms of energy ; 64, 31 and 33% in protein ; 67, 51, and 61% in calcium ; 53, 26, and 18% in iron ; 85, 74 and 84% in Vitamin A. Super-nourished(above 125% of RDA) rates were respectively 1, 13, and 3% in energy ; 1, 29, and 21% in protein ; 5, 18, and 7% in calcium ; 16, 31, and 7% in iron ; 16, 31, and 7% in Vitamin A, 42, 76, and 62% in Vitamin C. The percentages of calories from protein : fat : carbohydrate were 14 : 12 : 74, 15 : 16 : 69 and 16 : 17 : 67 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(number of five food groups per day), Meal Balance(number of five food groups per meal), DVS(average numbers of foods per person), amount of foods correlated positively with all the nutrient intakes(p<0.05). KDDS was positively correlated with energy, protein, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin(p<0.05)