ABSTRACT
Cuando un nódulo tiroideo muestra características ecográficas sospechosas de malignidad (informada con clasificación T-RADS) casi no se discute que debe completarse el diagnóstico con una punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) (informada con sistema Bethesda). Pero cuando la ecografía sólo muestra características consideradas de benignidad, la indicación de PAAF es cuestionable y debe ser justificada. ¿Podrá la clasificación T-RADS determinar eficientemente cuáles nódulos tiroideos requieren una PAAF y cuáles no? Esta decisión está vinculada a determinar si un paciente deberá ser sometido o no a una cirugía tiroidea. Objetivo: Analizar la capacidad de la clasificación T-RADS, con y sin el agregado de sistema Bethesda para optimizar el diagnóstico de patología tiroidea. Material y métodos: se incluyeron 139 nódulos que requirieron cirugía, previamente evaluados con ecografía y con PAAF. Fueron realizadas por un mismo operador las ecografías (SMB), las punciones (OBM) y las cirugías (JLN). Se homogeneizaron las definiciones: T-RADS II-III-IVa y Bethesda II-III: Baja sospecha de malignidad; T-RADS IVb-V-VI y Bethesda IV-V-VI: Alta sospecha de malignidad. Conslusiones: se comprobó que cuando las características ecográficas de un nódulo tienen baja sospecha de malignidad (T-RADS II-III-IVa), indicar una PAAF no aporta al diagnóstico en forma estadísticamente significativa. Cuando la ecografía indica alta sospecha de malignidad (T-RADS IVb-V-VI), la realización de una PAAF incrementa significativamente la certidumbre del diagnóstico (AU)
When a thyroid nodule shows ultrasonographic characteristics of malignancy suspicion (informed with T-RADS classification), almost nobody discusses to complete diagnosis with a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) (informed with Bethesda system). But when ultrasonography only shows characteristics compatible with benignity, a FNAB indication is questionable and that must be justified. Could T-RADS classification efficiently identify which nodule requires a FNAB and which does not? That decision will linked to which patients should be undergo a thyroid surgery. Objective: to analyze T-RADS capability with and without Bethesda system to optimize the diagnosis of thyroid pathology. Material and methods: a total of 139 nodules which required surgery were included. They were previously evaluated with ultrasonography and FNAB. A same operator classified the T-RADS (SMB), the Bethesda system (OMB) and performed the surgeries (JLN). For this work, definitions were homogenized as follows: T-RADS II-III-IVa and Bethesda II-III: Low suspicion of malignancy; T-RADS IVb-V-VI and Bethesda IV-V-VI: High suspicion of malignancy. Conclusions: the evidence suggested that when a thyroid nodule shows low suspicion of malignancy by ultrasonography (T-RADS II-III-IVa), the indication of a FNAB did not add statistically significant diagnostic benefit. When a thyroid nodule shows high suspicion of malignancy (T-RADS IVb-V-VI), a FNAB added significant diagnostic accuracy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Thyroid Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Biopsy, Needle , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Imaging , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography and other antecedents and exams usually availables, in the study of patients with thyroid nodules aged 0-20 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional analytical observational study. We reviewed the data of patients undergoing FNAP (thyroid puncture with a fine needle) and / or thyroidectomy between January 2007 and December 2013. The ultrasound evaluation was performed by 3 specialists. The surgical biopsy was considered an indicator of benignity or malignancy and, in its absence the FNAP (excluding the Bethesda diagnoses 3 and 4). The association between cancer and the different variables was evaluated through binary logistic regression, with measure of association of odds ratio (OR). With the initially significant variables, a multivariate analysis was carried out and a cut-off score was subsequently defined to allow the diagnosis to be discriminated. RESULTS: 104 nodules are included in the analysis (100 patients), 89â / 11â; age x16 ± 2.8; TSH 2.8 uIU / ml ± 5; lymphocytic thyroiditis 30%; pathological anatomy: benign 46 (44%) cancer 58 (56%). Sonographic findings predictive of malignancy were: hypoechogenicity (OR 2.95 p = 0.008) irregular shape (100% CA) non-smooth edges (OR 8.5 p = 0.000) microcalcifications (OR 39 p = 0.000) thick calcifications (OR 18 p = 0.001) and presence of suspicious adenopathy (100% CA). In the TIRADS classification, cases classified as 4 and 5 corresponded to cancer in 50 and 92%. The presence of thyroiditis did not show an insignificant association with malignancy. From the joint analysis of the significant variables, a score with adequate sensitivity and specificity is obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The usefulness of ultrasound as a fundamental examination in the evaluation of the pediatric patient who consults by thyroid nodule is corroborated. Accurately describing their sonographic characteristics and, above all, analyzing them together, allows us to determine an approximate risk of malignancy and define with greater certainty the indication of performing FNAP
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Ultrasonography/methods , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Odds Ratio , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the value of thyroglobulin (TG) in diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Methods Literatures on measurement and clinical application of serum TG were reviewed. Results Immunometric assay (IMA) was adopted by most clinical lab.TG antibody (TG-Ab) should be measured in the same sample of DTC patient.TG detection before operation is of less value in confirming diagnosis of DTC, but is helpful in differential diagnosis of histopathological type of DTC.TG detection after operation is very important in patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy.Monitoring TG after thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human TSH stimulation is more sensitive to identify tumor recurrence. Conclusion Monitoring TG after total thyroidectomy has great value in follow-up of DTC patients.