Comparative analysis for quality control of mother tinctures in Brazilian reports

Quality control of ahomeopathic mother tincture begins with the analysis of the raw material. Once the product is obtained, some organoleptic characteristics and Physicochemical properties such as appearance, colour, odour, density, dry residue, alcohol content,and chemicalmarker are evaluated. In Brazil, mother tinctures from different suppliers may have high variability in terms of the specifications described in the homeopathic pharmacopoeia. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare mother tinctures' quality control from different pharmaceutical suppliers based on Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia 3rd edition. Methods: Five mother tinctures were selected according to the high number of requests in the pharmacies, also its monographs are in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (FHB) 3rd edition. The report of analysis of the product was provided by three homeopathic pharmacies from the city of Rio de Janeiro. The information in the reports wasevaluated and compared to its monograph. Results and discussion: In this study, it was found that the number of laboratories that provide homeopathic pharmaceutical ingredients is rather low. In addition, in some reports, a number of identification tests werenot described properly when compared to the monograph. Besides that, some information diverges from the pharmacopoeia, for example, absence of dry residue testing, replacement of the part of the plant used to prepare the mother tincture,and results that do not meet pharmacopoeia specifications. As can be seen, the quality and effectiveness of homeopathic medicines prepared from these tinctures may be compromised. Conclusion:In order to guarantee consumer protection and the quality and effectiveness of medicines, governments and regulatory agencies should requirea greater commitment from suppliers in the production of homeopathic inputs.

Review of wheatgrass /Triticum Aestivum Linn/ / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#It is important to standardize a tincture prepared from the herb and root of <i>Paeonia anomala<i> L, which is widely used as a sedative in traditional medicine, based on the results of the studies its chemical composition, biological and pharmacological activities. Moreover, there is a need to carry out a quantitative stability testing in order to establish the ability to maintain quality under certain storage condition, shelf-life and to develop suitable packaging information.@*Materials and methods@#Standardization parameters of prepared <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture have been evaluated according to WHO guidelines for the determination of crude drug material, plant preparations and finished products technical parameters, along with the Mongolian National Pharmacopoeian (MNP) and Russian XIV Pharmacopoeian methods for tincture. The color of a tincture, dry residue, special density, alcohol content, and microbiological content were determined according to the methods described in MNP. A qualitative analysis of biological active constituents has been evaluated by thin-layer chromatography, the total phenolic compounds were determined by the reaction with Folin Chicalteu reagent and total monoterpene glycosides by the reaction with hydroxylamine in alkaline solution and ferric (III) chloride following spectrophotometric examination, respectively.</br> The stability testing study was performed according to the “General requirements for the stability testing study of drug-active compounds” MNS-6439-2014 using the real-time methods for the standardization parameters of the tincture.@*Conclusions@#The standardized parameters of tincture prepared from the herb and root of <i>Paeonia anomala</i> L. were approved by the National Reference Laboratory for Food Safety analysis. Consequently, the Mongolian pharmacopoeian article on <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture was officially permitted under the number ҮФӨ-0327-2017.</br> The stability study of tincture was carried out according to the MNS-6439-2014 by real-time tests for 24 months which provided that the changes in tincture quality were within the permitted limits. Consequently, it can conclude that the storage condition and shelf-time of <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture are 2 years under not above 25°С.

Standardization and stability study of tincture Paeonia Anomala L / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#It is important to standardize a tincture prepared from the herb and root of <i>Paeonia anomala</i> L, which is widely used as a sedative in traditional medicine, based on the results of the studies its chemical composition, biological and pharmacological activities. Moreover, there is a need to carry out a quantitative stability testing in order to establish the ability to maintain quality under certain storage condition, shelf-life and to develop suitable packaging information.@*Materials and methods@#Standardization parameters of prepared <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture have been evaluated according to WHO guidelines for the determination of crude drug material, plant preparations and finished products technical parameters, along with the Mongolian National Pharma- copoeian (MNP) and Russian XIV Pharmacopoeian methods for tincture. The color of a tincture, dry residue, special density, alcohol content, and microbiological content were determined according to the methods described in MNP. A qualitative analysis of biological active constituents has been evaluated by thin-layer chromatography, the total phenolic compounds were determined by the reaction with Folin Chicalteu reagent and total monoterpene glycosides by the reaction with hydroxylamine in alkaline solution and ferric (III) chloride following spectrophotometric examination, respectively.</br> The stability testing study was performed according to the “General requirements for the stability testing study of drug-active compounds” MNS-6439-2014 using the real-time methods for the standardization parameters of the tincture.@*Conclusions@#The standardized parameters of tincture prepared from the herb and root of <i>Paeonia anomala</i> L. were approved by the National Reference Laboratory for Food Safety analysis. Consequently, the Mongolian pharmacopoeian article on <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture was officially permitted under the number ҮФӨ-0327-2017.</br> The stability study of tincture was carried out according to the MNS-6439-2014 by real-time tests for 24 months which provided that the changes in tincture quality were within the permitted limits. Consequently, it can conclude that the storage condition and shelf-time of <i>Paeonia anomala</i> tincture are 2 years under not above 25°С.

La tintura de manzanilla al 20 % como alternativa de tratamiento para la estomatitis aftosa / Chamomile tincture at 20 % as an alternative treatment for aphthous stomatitis

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las aftas son causa de consultas frecuentes entre las urgencias estomatológicas. La tintura de manzanilla, resulta muy efectiva por su propiedad analgésica, antiinflamatoria, protectora, reparadora de membrana y reepitelizante. Objetivo: Ilustrar los resultados de la tintura de manzanilla al 20 % como alternativa de tratamiento en una paciente con estomatitis aftosa Presentación de caso: Paciente de 66 años de edad, femenina, con antecedentes de salud, fumadora, sometida a estrés, que acudió a consulta por lesiones aftosas dolorosas en el borde lateral izquierdo y dorso de la lengua. Conclusiones: La paciente con estomatitis aftosa, tratada con tintura de manzanilla al 20 %, mostró moderación del dolor a los 3 días, evolución general satisfactoria y cicatrización de las lesiones a los 5 días de la primera aplicación.

ABSTRACT Background: Aphthous ulcers are a frequent cause of assistance at the stomatology emergencies. Chamomile tincture (Matricaria Chamomilla) is very effective due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, protective, membrane-repairing and re-epithelialising properties. Objective: To illustrate the results of chamomile tincture at 20 % as an alternative treatment in a patient with aphthous stomatitis. Case report: A 66-year-old female patient, with healthy backgrounds, smoker, under stress, who consulted because of painful aphthous lesions on the left lateral border and tongue dorsum. Conclusions: The patient with aphthous stomatitis, treated with chamomile tincture at 20 %, showed pain moderation after 3 days, satisfactory general evolution and healing of the lesions 5 days after the first application.

Utility Of Boswellia Serrata Q in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Boswellia Serrata Mother Tincture knownas Indian Frankincenses (gugle),is an herbal extract taken from the Boswellia Serrata tree.it is use in treatment of chronic Inflammatory changes as well as a number of other illness. Studies show that boswellia may reduce inflammation. Because boswellia is an effective anti-inflammatory, it can be an effective painkiller and may prevent the loss of cartilage. Here is an attempt made to determine the efficacy of Homeopathic Mother Tincture to bring about desired result in Rheumatoid Arthritis cases.

The protective effect of Medicoscab Tincture on deep partial thickness burn rats and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Medi- coscab Tincture could increase the healing rate of burn coscab Tincture on the wound repair of deep partial thickness burn in rats and its possible mechanism. Methods SD100 rats were used to make a rat model of deep partial thickness burn. The rats were randomly divided into five groups; normal, model control, positive control, Medicoscab Tincture high-dose, and Medicoscab Tincture low-dose. The dosing group was changed daily for 14 consecutive days. The healing rate and water content of wound were measured at 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after burn. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) were determined by bio-chemical analysis. Serum levels of tumor necrosis fac- tor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (3 (IL-1(3) and interleu- kin-6 (IL-6) in rats were determined. Results Medi- wound and decrease the water content of burn wound tissue in rats ( P < 0. 05 ). The activity of SOD significantly increased, the content of MDA decreased (P < 0. 05), and the contents of TNF-a, IL-1 (3 and IL-6 in serum of burned rats decreased ( P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). Conclusions Medicoscab Tincture can improve the wound healing rate, reduce the wound water content, increase SOD activity, reduce the content of MDA in the wound, and reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-a, IL-1 (3 and IL-6. Therefore, Medicoscab Tincture has a protective effect on deep partial thickness burn in rats.

Eficacia de la tintura de ajo al 20% en pacientes asmáticos. Policlínico 13 de Marzo. 2018 -2019 / Efficacy of 20% garlic tincture in asthmatic patients. Polyclinic March 13. 2018 -2019 / Eficácia da tintura de alho a 20% em pacientes asmáticos. Policlínica, 13 de março. 2018-2019

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, con modelo cuasi experimental en los pacientes asmáticos pertenecientes del Policlínico 13 de Marzo, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la tintura de ajo al 20% en el tratamiento intercrisis del Asma Bronquial, en el período comprendido de enero de 2018 a mayo de 2019. El Universo estuvo representado por 88 pacientes asmáticos entre 20-59 años de edad dispensarizados en el consultorio 25. La muestra quedó constituida por 84 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos de forma aleatoria, en dos grupos control y experimental, utilizando la tabla de números aleatorios computarizados, en una proporción pareada de 1:1. Se empleó la prueba de diferencia de proporciones para muestras independientes y se trabajó con un nivel de significación p=0,05. Con este proyecto se contribuyó al desarrollo de la medicina natural y tradicional en nuestro país. Se demostró la eficacia de la tintura de ajo en el 97.6 % de los pacientes. Los hombres fueron los más afectados por las crisis y se reportaron 3 efectos adversos de forma leve.

ABSTRACT A prospective study was carried out, with a quasi-experimental model in asthmatic patients belonging to the 13 de Marzo Polyclinic, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of the 20% garlic tincture in the inter-crisis treatment of Bronchial Asthma, in the period from January from 2018 to May 2019. El universo was represented by 88 asthmatic patients between 20-59 years of age dispensed in the office 25. The sample consisted of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomized into two control and experimental groups, using the table of computerized random numbers, in a paired ratio of 1: 1. The difference of proportions test was used for independent samples and the level of significance was p = 0.05. This project contributed to the development of natural and traditional medicine in our country. The efficacy of garlic tincture was demonstrated in 97.6% of patients. Men were the most affected by the seizures and 3 mild adverse effects were reported.

RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, com modelo quase experimental em pacientes asmáticos pertencentes à Policlínica 13 de Marzo, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da tintura de alho a 20% no tratamento intercrises da Asma Brônquica, no período de janeiro de 2018 a maio de 2019. O El Universo foi representado por 88 pacientes asmáticos entre 20 e 59 anos dispensados ​​em consultório 25. A amostra foi composta por 84 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos controle e experimental, utilizando a tabela de números aleatórios computadorizados, na proporção pareada de 1: 1. O teste de diferença de proporções foi utilizado para amostras independentes e o nível de significância adotado foi p = 0,05. Este projeto contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da medicina natural e tradicional em nosso país. A eficácia da tintura de alho foi demonstrada em 97,6% dos pacientes. Os homens foram os mais afetados pelas convulsões e três efeitos adversos leves foram relatados.

Use Of Paper Patching And Tincture Ferri Perchloride For Day Care Management Of Tympanic Membrane Perforation

INTRODUCTION: Perforation of tympanic membrane constitutes a major portion of patients attending ENT OPD for which they are advised surgical procedures. Most of the cases with small perforations can be managed by doing OPD procedure of cautery patching and hence surgical procedure can be avoided. METHODS: The study was conducted in the tertiary hospital from August 2018 to July 2019. The patients were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria after doing clinical examination, and audiometry. All the patients underwent cautery patching with tincture ferri perchloride and patch placed. The patients were followed up weekly till the perforation was completely closed or uptill 3 months. RESULTS: Total of 65 patients was included in the study. Most common etiology of perforation was inflammatory involving anteroinferior quadrant as most common etiology with success achieved in 56 patients. CONCLUSION: patients with small central dry perforation of tympanic membrane, cautery patching using tincture ferri per chloride and paper patching gives good results comparing to the surgical procedure, while ablating the morbidity and psychological trauma of the surgery.

Determination of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra, Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel) in compound gentian tincture by HPLC-MS/MS / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for comprehensive monitor and control of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra,Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel),and determination of Gentiopicroside,Alpinetin,Cardamonin and Hesperidin in Compound gentian tincture.Methods The separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm) analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid solution by gradient elution program,and the column temperature was 40 ℃.Active ingredients were separated by HPLC.The Electrospray Ionization Mass (ESI) source was applied and operated in the negative ion mode,and reactions ion monitoring mode (MRM) for quantitative analysis were selected.Results Through the analysis of the samples with mixed extract the same characteristic peak in MS was found to determine the proprietary Chinese medicine according to the prescription feeding process.The calibration curve of Gentiopicroside,Alpinetin,Cardamonin and Hesperidin were linear:103.26-619.56 μg (r=0.999 0),109.50-657.00 μg (r=0.999 5),105.50-633.00 μg (r=0.996 9),105.02-630.12 μg (r=0.999 5).The precision was Gentiopicroside 0.81％,Alpinetin 0.48％,Cardamonin 0.61％ and Hesperidin 1.55％ respectively.The average recovery rate were Gentiopicroside 95.08％,Alpinetin 93.28％,Cardamonin 94.78％ and Hesperidin 95.04％ respectively.Conclusions The method was proved to be simple,accurate,reliable,high sensitivity and can be used for determination and control of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra,Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel).

Simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Waicha Bailing Tincture by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To eslablish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of brazilin,(±) protosappanin B,hydroxysafflor yellow A,safflor yellow A,oxypeucedanin,imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Waicha Bailing Tincture (Angelicae dahuricae Radix,Sappan Lignum,Carthami Flos,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a Agilent TC-C18 column (200 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1％ glacial acetic acid flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 285,403,310 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥0.999 5),whose average recoveries were 96.91％-99.59％ with the RSDs of 0.81％-1.19％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Waicha Bailing Tincture.

Establishment of HPLC Fingerprint and Classification of Chemical Components for Compound Sanhuang Tincture / 中国药师

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of ethanol parts of compound Sanhuang tincture ( an anti-infective drug) using high performance liquid chromatography, and analyze the classification of the chemical components. Methods: A Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0. 05 mol·L-1 aqueous potassium di-hydrogen phosphate solution (22 :78) and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The DAD detector was used and the detection wavelength was 237 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The fingerprints of compound Sanhuang tincture were obtained with promising separation degree and the number of theoretical plates. A total of six fingerprint characteristic peaks were identified, and the reproducibility, stability and precision of the method were good. Meanwhile, combined with the informa-tion of retention time of compound medicine, single drug and reference substance, the source of characteristic peak of the effective part of compound Sanhuang tincture was determined. Conclusion:The fingerprints of compound Sanhuang tincture have strong characteris-tics and good reproducibility, which have important reference value for the quality evaluation of ethanol parts of compound Sanhuang tincture.

Effects of injection needle scalpel combined with Tongbi tincture hot compress on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP and IL-1 in knee osteoarthritis / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effect of injection needle scalpel combined with Tongbi tincture heat deposited on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP and IL-1 in knee osteoarthritis.Methods 96 cases of knee osteoarthrosis according to the treatment divided into the control group(n=48) and experimental group(n=48), the control group was treated with injection needle scalpel, the experimental group on the basis of injection needle scalpel combination of tongbi tincture heat deposited, all lasted for 14 days.The clinical efficacy, CRP, IL-1, blood sink, knee joint functional impairment score, and safety was observed in the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the experimental group was 93.75%,higher than the control group 79.17%(P<0.05).After treatment, the CRP, IL-1, blood sedimentation of experimental group was lower than the control group[(7.09±0.97)mg/L,(6.54±0.82) ng/L,(16.47±2.03) mm/h vs.(10.35±1.28) mg/L,(7.21±0.93) ng/L,(18.25±2.21) mm/h](P<0.05).The scores of knee joint function impairment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in safety between the two groups.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of injection needle scalpel combined with Tongbi tincture heat deposited in treatment knee osteoarthrosis is better than injection needle scalpel.It can promote the absorption of inflammation, relieve knee function.

Content Determination of Resorcinol,Borneol, Glycerol and DMSO in Compound Fluocinonide Tincture / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a GC method for the determination of resorcinol, borneol, glycerol and DMSO in compound fluocinonide tincture.Methods: The analysis was performed on an HP-INNOWax column (30.0 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm).The inlet temperature was 280℃ and the detector temperature was 290℃.The split ratio was 10∶1.With nitrogen as the carrier gas, the flow rate was 2.0 ml·min-1.The temperature was as follows: the initial temperature was maintained at 100℃ for 5 min and raised to 240℃ at a rate of 20℃·min-1, and maintaining for 8 min.The flow rate of hydrogen, air and tail blows was 35, 350 and 25 ml·min-1, respectively.Chennai was used as the internal standard.Results: The concentrations of DMSO, resorcinol, borneol and glycerol were within the range of 99.20-793.60 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9), 507.25-4 058.00 μg·ml-1 ,respectively(r=0.999 9), 102.20-817.60 μg·ml-1 (r=1.000 0) and 316.20-2529.60 μg·ml-1 (r=1.000 0) with a good linear relationship.The average recovery was 98.58%, 98.34%, 98.19% and 102.29%, and RSDs were 3.80%, 3.93%, 2.87% and 3.65% (n=9), respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of DMSO, resorcinol, borneol and glycerol in compound fluocinonide tincture.

Improvement in Quality Control Methods for Belladonna Oral Solution / 中国药师

Objective:To improve the identification and determination methods in the original quality standard for belladonna oral solution.Methods:Belladonna oral solution was identified by a specific chromatogram of HPLC,and scopoletin and hyoscyamine sulfate in belladonna oral solution were detected by dual wavelength spectrophotometry.The detection of fingerprints was performed on a Waters SunFire C18 (250 mm×4.6mm,5 μm) column.The mobile phase was methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid solution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 344 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.The detection of scopoletin and hyoscyamine sulfate was performed on the same C18 column.The mobile phase was 10 mmol·L-1 heptanesulfonate sodiumat (pH value was 3.3 adjusted by glacial acetic acid)-absolute ethanol-acetonitrile (68.75∶6.25∶25) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelengths were 344 nm and 210 nm,and the column temperature was 30℃.Results:The specific chromatogram of belladonna oral solution was accordance with that of belladonna tincture raw material.The retention time and relative peak area of each characteristic peak and reference peak all met requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Scopoletin and hyoscyamine sulfate were completely separated from the other compositions under the above mentioned conditions.The calibration curves were linear within the range of 5.168-103.360 μg·ml-1 (r=1.000 0) for scopoletin and 50.560-758.400 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9) for hyoscyamine sulfate.The average recovery was 101.79% (RSD=1.05%,n=6) and 100.92% (RSD=0.97%,n=6),respectively.Conclusion:After the quality control method improvement,the identification shows high specificity and the quality of belladonna oral solution can be better controlled by the two selected index components.The method is easy and accurate,which can provide a reliable way to control the quality.

Rapid Quality Evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture(I)-Study on UPLC Fingerprint with Aid of Chemometric Analysis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid approach for quality evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture. METHODS: Fingerprint was established by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method and method evaluation was performed. By comparing with reference substances, reference drugs and reference extractives, the characteristic peaks and their ascriptions were investigated. Twenty-eight batches of samples from 13 manufactures were determined and their fingerprints were compared. Then two dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis (2D-HCA) and principal analysis (PCA)were applied in pattern recognition. RESULTS: Eighteen characteristic peaks were mainly related to Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Citri Pericarpium Reticulatae, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Extractum Glycyrrhizae, Atractylodis Rhizoma and patchouli oil. The UPLC fingerprints of samples from different manufacturers differed a lot. The results of 2D-HCA and PCA were consistent, which indicated that the fingerprints of the samples from the same manufacturer could cluster to their own group and the characteristic peaks of honokiol, magnolol and hesperidin showed the greatest impact on the fingerprints. CONCLUSION: UPLC fingerprinting with aid of chemometric analysis is rapid, simple, objective and easy to realize digitalization, thus providing a novel way for quality evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture.

Rapid Quality Evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture (II): Simultaneous Determination of Seven Components in Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture by UPLC with Wavelength Switching Detection / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a rapid approach for quality evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture. METHODS: Hesperidin, glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin, magnolol and atractylodin in Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method combined with wavelength switching detection technology. The sample was injected directly without preprocessing. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) and the column temperature was maitained at 40℃. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution at a flaw rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Hesperidin was detected at 284 nm; glycyrrhizic acid was detected at 250 nm; imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin and magnolol were detected at 300 nm; atractylodin was detected at 340 nm. RESULTS: The calibration curves of the seven components showed good linearity within their test ranges. The average recoveries for hesperidin, glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin, magnolol and atractylodin were 99.3%, 99.5%, 101.5%, 99.3%, 100.6%, 99.0% and 99.6%, respectively. And there were great variations among the contents of glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and atractylodin in 28 batches of samples from 13 manufactures. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is accurate, simple and rapid, thus providing basis for comprehensive quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture.

Control de calidad de la tintura al 20 % de hojas de Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) / Quality control of tincture to 20 % obtained from the leaves of Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) se utiliza de forma tradicional como antiséptica, astringente, antidiarreica, antianémico y galactógeno. Por ello, se emplea en infusión y en baños para tratar la diarrea de los niños y los casos de anemia con diarrea. Hasta el momento en las fuentes consultadas no se han encontrado reportes sobre el control a los requisitos de la calidad de formulaciones farmacéuticas obtenidas a partir de esta planta. OBJETIVO: determinar algunos de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura al 20 % obtenida de las hojas de F. occidentalis. MÉTODOS: la planta fue colectada en la localidad de Cienaguilla, municipio Campechuela, provincia Granma, Cuba. El método de extracción aplicado fue la asistida por ultrasonido, utilizándose como menstruo una solución hidroetanólica. La determinación de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura se realizó analizándose cinco parámetros: requisitos organolépticos, pH, índice de refracción, sólidos totales y densidad relativa. Además, se emplearon métodos de análisis cromatográfico y espectroscópico para determinar la persistencia de los compuestos presentes en la tintura en un período de seis meses. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos en el control de la calidad de la tintura al 20 % se encontraron dentro de los rangos de calidad establecidos por las normas utilizadas; y no presentaron diferencias significativas con los requisitos determinados en otras especies de la misma familia. CONCLUSIONES: el control de los requisitos de calidad mostró que la tintura al 20 % de las hojas de F. occidentalis, no manifestó cambios significativos en un período de seis meses que puedan comprometer su estabilidad como formulación farmacéutica. Esto indica que presenta un determinado grado de estabilidad, lo que constituye una garantía de la calidad y seguridad del producto.

INTRODUCTION: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used as antiseptic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antianemic and galactogenous. For that reason, it is used on infusion and baths to treat the diarrhea of the children and cases of anemia with diarrhea. Heretofore in the consulted sources reports about the control of quality requirements for pharmaceutical formulations obtained starting from this plant have not been found. OBJECTIVE: To determine some quality requirements of the tincture at 20 % obtained from the leaves of F. occidentalis. METHODS: The plant was collected in the Cienaguilla locality, Campechuela municipality, Granma province, Cuba. The applied extraction method was the extraction assisted by ultrasound, using as menses a hydroethanolic solution. The determination of quality requirements of the tincture was carried out analyzing five parameters: organoleptic requirements, pH, refraction index, total solids and relative density. In addition, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to determine the persistence of the present compounds in the tincture in a period of six months. RESULTS: The results obtained in the quality control of the tincture at 20 % were found on quality ranges established by the used regulations; and they don't show significant differences according to the requirements determined in other species of the same family. CONCLUSIONS: The control of quality requirements showed that the tincture at 20 % of leaves of F. occidentalis did not manifest significant changes in a period of six months that can compromise his stability like pharmaceutical formulation. This indicates that it presents a certain grade of stability, what constitutes a guarantee of the quality and security of the product.

Antifungal activity of plant extracts with potential to control plant pathogens in pineapple

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of extracts, resins, oils and mother tinctures from plants against the filamentous fungi Fusarium guttiforme (F. guttiforme) and Chalara paradoxa, and to evaluate the control of the pineapple fusariosis in situ using mother tinctures. Methods: The screening of the antifungal potential of 131 extract forms from 63 plant species was performed in vitro by using plate-hole method. To control pineapple fusar-iosis in situ, preventive and post-infection treatments were performed on detached pineapple leaves of cv. P′erola (susceptible). Results: The quantitative study indicated that among the 49 mother tincture samples analyzed, 46% were effective against F. guttiforme and 29% for the Chalara paradoxa. The natural plant extracts, mother tincture of Glycyrrhiza glabra (MTGG1), mother tincture of Myroxylon balsamum (MTBT2), mother tincture of Aloe vera (MTAV3), mother tincture of Allium sativum (MTAS4), resin of Protium heptaphyllum (RESAM5) and crude extracts of Rhizophora mangle (CEMV6), exhibited an antifungal activity against F. guttiforme. In the preventive treatment against pineapple fusariosis, MTAV3, MTAS4 and MTGG1 were statistically similar to the treatment with tebuconazol fungicide. The curative treatments with MTAV3, MTAS4, MTGG1 and MTBT2 presented similar activity to fungicide (P Conclusions: The findings of the present study concluded that mother tinctures can effectively control phytopathogens. The mother tincture extract of Myroxylon balsamum showed antifungal activity and was used here for the first time for inhibition of phyto-pathogenic fungi. This study paves the way for the development of bioactive natural products with phytosanitary applications, with the added benefits of an environmentally safe and economically viable product.

Antifungal activity of plant extracts with potential to control plant pathogens in pineapple

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of extracts, resins, oils and mother tinctures from plants against the filamentous fungi Fusarium guttiforme (F. guttiforme) and Chalara paradoxa, and to evaluate the control of the pineapple fusariosis in situ using mother tinctures. Methods: The screening of the antifungal potential of 131 extract forms from 63 plant species was performed in vitro by using plate-hole method. To control pineapple fusariosis in situ, preventive and post-infection treatments were performed on detached pineapple leaves of cv. Pérola (susceptible). Results: The quantitative study indicated that among the 49 mother tincture samples analyzed, 46% were effective against F. guttiforme and 29% for the Chalara paradoxa. The natural plant extracts, mother tincture of Glycyrrhiza glabra (MTGG1), mother tincture of Myroxylon balsamum (MTBT2), mother tincture of Aloe vera (MTAV3), mother tincture of Allium sativum (MTAS4), resin of Protium heptaphyllum (RESAM5) and crude extracts of Rhizophora mangle (CEMV6), exhibited an antifungal activity against F. guttiforme. In the preventive treatment against pineapple fusariosis, MTAV3, MTAS4 and MTGG1 were statistically similar to the treatment with tebuconazol fungicide. The curative treatments with MTAV3, MTAS4, MTGG1 and MTBT2 presented similar activity to fungicide (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study concluded that mother tinctures can effectively control phytopathogens. The mother tincture extract of Myroxylon balsamum showed antifungal activity and was used here for the first time for inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. This study paves the way for the development of bioactive natural products with phytosanitary applications, with the added benefits of an environmentally safe and economically viable product.

Chemical profiling of Qixue Shuangbu Tincture by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to develop and validate a sensitive and reliable ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method to separate and identify the chemical constituents of Qixue Shuangbu Tincture (QXSBT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. Under the optimized UPLC and QTOF/MS conditions, 56 components in QXSBT, including chalcones, triterpenoids, protopanaxatriol, flavones and flavanones were identified and tentatively characterized within a running time of 42 min. The components were identified by comparing the retention times, accurate mass, and mass spectrometric fragmentation characteristic ions, and matching empirical molecular formula with that of the published compounds. In conclusion, the established UPLC-QTOF/MS method was reliable for a rapid identification of complicated components in the TCM prescriptions.