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Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of malt alkaloid on prolactin (PRL) secretion in the model rat with postpartum hypogalactia induced by bromocriptine based on dopamine D2 receptor, and determine the active fraction of the malt with galactogogue effect. Methods: The postpartum hypogalactia model was established by intragastric administration of bromocriptine mesylate. After the model was successfully established, all groups were given corresponding drug treatment. The concentration of serum PRL, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in each group was detected by ELISA kits. HE staining was used to observe the pathologic changes of breast tissue. RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in pituitary gland of rats. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of serum PRL, P, and E2 were significantly decreased in the model group as well as the mRNA expression of the pituitary PRL cells. But the mRNA expression of the pituitary DRD2 in the model group was significantly increased compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the malt total alkaloid significantly increased the volume of mammary lobule and dilated the duct. There was a lot of milk in the duct and acinar in the malt total alkaloid group. Besides, the total alkaloids increased the concentration of serum PRL, P, and E2 and the mRNA expression of the pituitary PRL cells, and decreased the mRNA expression of the pituitary DRD2. Conclusion: The primary the active fraction of malt for galactogogue action is total alkaloids, and its mechanism may be related to promoting PRL secretion, increasing serum PRL receptor level and decreasing the mRNA expression of dopamine D2 receptor.
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between basic nutrient, the activity of soil enzyme and the quality of rhizome in the rhizosphere soil of wild and transplanted Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and select the primal soil factors affecting the active components of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and provide the reference for the rational fertilization of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Methods: A total of 33 samples of rhizome and soil collected from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan were used as materials. The basic nutrient, the activity of soil enzyme and the quality of rhizome of the samples were measured. On this basis, the correlation between the quality of rhizome and soil factor was analyzed. The primal soil factors affecting the quality of rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were also selected by using the method of stepwise regression analysis. Results: There were some differences in the contents of the total saponins, the total polysaccharides and the total flavonoids between the samples of wild and transplanted P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and there were also regional characteristics in quality between them. In all the rhizosphere soil samples of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, the pH of the soil was moderate, the basic nutrient was sufficient and rich, and the activity of soil enzyme was high, which were suitable for the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. And the soil fertility quality of the wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was better than the transplanted. The content of total saponins in the wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was significantly positively correlated with the activity of polyphenol oxidase, and the content of total polysaccharides was significantly negatively correlated with the pH of the rhizosphere soil and the activity of urease. The content of total saponins in the transplanted P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was negatively correlated with the content of available potassium in rhizosphere soil, the content of total flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with the activity of sucrase, and the content of total polysaccharides was significantly positively correlated with the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion Based on the traditional evaluation, the quality of the transplanted P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis samples is equal to the wild samples, they can be used as the same in the market. The quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis is mainly affected by the soil factors. In the process of protecting wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and cultivating P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, it is need to be careful to increase and decrease the content and the ratio of soil nutrient according to the actual conditions.
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OBJECTIVE： To optimize the water extraction technology of total polysaccharide of Shuanghu capsules. METHODS： The total alkaloid was firstly extracted from Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale mixture of Shuanghu capsules with ethanol， and then total polysaccharide was extracted with water. Using glucose as control， total polysaccharide was treated with phenol-sulfuric acid method and its content was determined at 488 nm. Using comprehensive score calculated with the yield of the extract and the content of total polysaccharide as index， the effects of material-liquid ratio， extraction temperature， extraction time and times on the extraction were investigated by single factor test. Then L9（34） orthogonal test was used to optimize solid-liquid ratio，extraction temperature，extraction time and extraction times according to the results of single factor test. The optimized technology was validated. RESULTS： The linear range of glucose were 0.041 4-0.207 0 mg/mL（r＝0.999 9）. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day ranged 3.61％-8.24％ （n＝3，n＝5）， and RSD of repeatability test was 1.49％ （n＝6）. Average recovery rate was 98.65％（RSD＝1.45％，n＝6）. The optimal water extraction technology included solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 25（g/mL），extraction temperature of 100 ℃，extracting for 90 min， extracting once. Results of validation tests showed that average content of total polysaccharide was 379.292 8 mg/g （RSD＝1.93％，n＝3） and average yield of the extract was 22.75％（RSD＝2.41％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： Established phenol-sulphuric acid method is simple， precise and accurate. The optimal water extraction technology is stable and feasible， which can be used for the extraction of total polysaccharides from Shuanghu capsules.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the quality standard for Bushen quyu granules. METHODS： TLC was used for qualitative identification of Rosa laevigata， Cuscuta chinensis， processed Fallopia multiflora and Lithospermum erythrorhizon in Bushen quyu granules. And then， the content of total polysaccharides in Bushen quyu granules was determined by UV spectrophotometry. HPLC method was used for the content determination of rutin， quercetin and hyperin in Bushen quyu granules. The determination was performed on BDS C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.08％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and detection wavelength was set at 370 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： TLC test sample chromatogram of 4 medicinal materials showed the same spot or fluorescence at the corresponding position with the reference substance and control medicinal materials. The linear range of glucose， rutin， quercetin and hyperin were 0.003-0.018 mg/mL， 0.225-7.20 μg/mL， 0.07-2.24 μg/mL and 1.25-39.88 μg/mL（r＝0.999 5 or 0.999 9， n＝6）. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all less than 3％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 102.2％， 101.2％， 100.9％， 101.0％ （RSD＝1.28％， 2.93％， 2.41％， 1.59％， n＝6）. Average contents were 0.46 g/g， 5.48 μg/g， 8.18 μg/g and 102.88 μg/g（n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： Established quality standard of Bushen quyu granules is accurate and reliable， and can provide scientific reference for quality control of Bushen quyu granules.
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Objective The best combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and application amount of fertilizer were studied to provide technical support and theoretical basis for rational fertilization in the production of Chuanmingshen violaceum. Methods The effects of N, P and K application on yield and main effective components of C. violaceum were studied by L9(34) orthogonal experiment design. Results Reasonable N, P, and K application could significantly increase the yield of C. violaceum, and was beneficial to the accumulation of total polysaccharides and the content of imperatorin. Among them, the yield of 75.22 kg/hm2 under the combination of N2P1K2 was the highest, the increase rate was 60.67%, the total polysaccharide content was 25.46%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.489 mg/g. The yield of 44.82 kg/hm under the combination of N3P2K2 was the lowest, the total polysaccharide content was 2.40%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.379 mg/g. The effects sequence of N, P, and K fertilizers on the yield of C. violaceum were N > P > K. The nitrogen fertilizer had the most obvious effect on the yield of C. violaceum, followed by phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer had the worst effect. Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the best combination of fertilization was N2P1K2 or N2P3K1. The optimum amount of fertilization of N, P2O5, and K2O were 1.08, 0.73, and 0.83 kg/hm2, respectively; or 1.08, 1.10, and 0.50 kg/hm2, respectively.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the purification technology of Sanhuang yishen formula. METHODS:Using retention rate and impurity rate of purified total polysaccharide,astragaloside and calycosin glucoside as index,the purification effects of water extraction and alcohol precipitation method (50%,60%,70% ethanol) and clarifying agent method (101 juice clarifying agent, ZTC natural clarifying agent,chitosan clarifying agent) were respectively detected to screen the purification method;orthogonal test was used to optimize the technology parameters(mass concentration of liquid,amount of clarifying agent and pH of liquid)by the optimized purification method,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The purification was better when using chito-san as clarifying agent with comprehensive score of 98.62;the purified technology parameters were mass concentration of liquid 1 g/mL,1% chitosan solution amount of 2 mL/g,pH 5.1;the average value of retention rate and impurity rate of purified total poly-saccharide, astragaloside and calycosin glucoside in verification test were 79.56%(RSD=1.24%, n=3), 78.11%(RSD=0.97%,n=3),79.46%(RSD=1.03%,n=3)and 32.18%(RSD=1.16%,n=3),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Using chito-san as clarifying agent shows good purification effect for Sanhuang yishen formula,which is simple. The optimized technology is stable and feasible.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in Hysso-pus. offcinalis. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of rosmarinic acid in H. offcinalis. The column was Shim-pack VP-ODS with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% formic(17:83,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. UV-visible spectrophotometry was conducted to determine the content of total polysaccharide,detection wavelength was 620 nm. RESULTS:The linear range was 10.86-54.30 μg/ml (r=0.999 8)for rosmarinic acid and 1.996-15.97 μg/ml for total polysaccharide(r=0.999 6);RSDs of precision,stability and re-producibility tests were lower than 1.0% and 2.0%,respectively;recoveries were 98.20%-101.79%(RSD=1.68%,n=6) and 96.62%-101.68%(RSD=1.88%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and reproducible,and can be used for the con-tents determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in H. offcinalis.
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The roots from Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb., Convolvulaceae, are widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine as a laxative and purgative. The biological properties of this drug material have been attributed to its polysaccharides content. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polysaccharide content in drug material from O. macrocarpa by spectrophotometric quantitative analysis. The root was used as plant material and the botanical identification was performed by macro and microscopic analysis. The plant material was used to validate the spectrophotometric procedures at 490 nm for the quantification of the reaction product from drug polysaccharides and phenol-sulfuric acid solution. The analytical procedure was evaluated in order to comply with the necessary legal requirements by the determination of the following parameters: specificity, linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and robustness. This study provides with a simple and valid analytical procedure (linear, precise, accurate and reproducible), which can be satisfactorily used for quality control and standardization of herbal drug from O. macrocarpa.
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Objective To study the affection of cultivating regions to the quality of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and the scientific basis of authenticity of Radix Angelicae Sinensis.Methods The amounts of ferulic acid,ligustilide and total polysaccharide in Radix Angelicae Sinensis cultivated in Gansu,Yunnan, Sichuan,Shanxi provinces were determined by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry.Results Radix Angelicae Sinensis cultivated in Gansu province possesses the highest contents of ferulic acid,ligustilide and total polysaccharide among that from four regions.Conclusion The quality of Radix Angelicae Sinensis cultivated in Gansu province is better than that from other regions.It is reasonable to regard Radix Angelicae Sinensis cultivated in Gansu province as authentic medical herbs.
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Objective:By using the model of intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue injury by cyclophosphamide, to understand the influence of total polysaccharide extracted from Sijunzi decoction (TPSJ) on the intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue which reflect the status of the intestinal mucosal immune of mice Methods:Investigate the effects of TPSJ to the number of Peyer's patches of mice, total cell number of Peyer's patches, the number of CD3 + and IgA + cell, apoptosis at 24 h after being treated with 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide Results:TPSJ could increase the number of Peyer's patches of mice, total cell number of Peyer's patches, the number of CD3 + and IgA + cell, and could reduce apoptosis as well Conclusion:TPSJ could antagonize the injury of intestinal mucosal associated lymphoid tissues of mice induced by cyclophosphamide, suggesting that this polysaccharide can improve the intestinal mucosal immunofunction