ABSTRACT
O autor analisa a peça de teatro "Amadeus" e estuda a função da inveja na relação de Mozart e Salieri. Caracteriza a inveja como uma função estruturante normal da maior importância no desenvolvimento da consciência. Chama atenção para a dificuldade de se compreender este fato devido às nossas concepções psicológicas se acharem ainda dominadas pela obra repressora-puritana da Inquisição. Afirma que na apresentação da peça a patologia mental de Mozart é ainda maior que a de Salieri. Relaciona a inveja patológica de Mozart com um complexo paterno negativo e a de Salieri com a prostituição de sua Anima. Explica a deterioração progressiva das personalidades de Mozart e Salieri: ao não assumirem sua inveja normal, esta se tornou cada vez mais sombria e patológica, ultrapassando o dinamismo neurótico e atingindo o psicótico. Descreve a função estruturante normal do ciúme para melhor discriminar a inveja e exemplificar o ciúme patológico com a peça Otelo, de Shakespeare. Finalmente, diferencia a função estruturante normal do ciúme e da inveja nos ciclos arquetípicos matriarcal, patriarcal, de alteridade e cósmico. ■
The author describes envy as a normal structuring function in the development of personality. Envy constellates symbols for development and helps to discriminate the Ego from the Other (the I from not I) in the construction of identity. When envy is not given proper attention it becomes part of the Shadow, which may lead to neurotic and even psychotic behavior. An example is given in the relationship between Mozart and Salieri such as it was represented in Peter Shaffer's play "Amadeus". Envy constellated the symbol of Mozart in the development of Salieri's personality as an expression of his betrayed creativity. Since early youth, social ambition had led Salieri to create for fame instead of for his own Self. The betrayal of the Anima formed a powerful symbol of prostituted creativity in his pathological Shadow, which was constellated through envy when he met Mozart. Unable to attend his envy creatively by confronting his Shadow, Salieri acted out his envy destructively by destroying Mozart, his own Anima and himself. Envy constellated the negative father complex in Mozart's personality when he met Salieri. The prodigious child soon surpassed his father. Lack of appropriate protection, affection and loving guidance developed a negative father complex in Mozart's personality. This prevented social adaptation due to a compulsive aggression toward authority figures expressed through defensive irony, ridicule and overall irreverent behavior. Marriage and fatherhood activated the father role and strongly intensified these defenses. As an Italian musician successfully serving the Viennese monarchy, Salieri stood for an extraordinary example of social adaptation and success. Envy constellated the negative father complex through the symbol of social unadaptation present in Mozart's Shadow. By defensively humiliating Salieri through his creativity, Mozart greatly intensified Salieri's defenses against his own genuine creativity. Plotting against Mozart's efforts to support his family through music lessons and court services, Salieri significantly strengthened Mozart's defenses against social adaptation. Such complementary defensive behavior prevented envy from further creative development and established a neurotic symbiotic relationship. The creative forces of both personalities were so powerful, however, that neurotic defenses were insufficient to express their pathological Shadows. Psychopathic aggression and psychotic megalomaniac dynamism took over Salieri's personality, while paranoid, persecutory delusion had and irreversible effect on Mozart's career. The author further clarifies the role of envy in normal and pathological development by comparing it with jealousy as expressed in Shakespeare's Othello. Envy is predominantly active, Jang and revolutionary. It stimulates growth through greed. Jealousy is predominantly passive, Yin and reactionary. lt stimulates the maintenance of the status quo through the threat of loss. Envy functions predominantly through the power drive and favors Ego development by limiting omnipotence through self-humiliation and competitive performance. Jealousy functions predominantly through the erotic drive by rejecting the Ego's narcissistic self-assurance through doubt. Both are archetypal structuring functions indispensable for the symbolic development of Consciousness from its very beginning. While envy discriminates the Ego from the Other through delimitation of the Ego's power, jealousy discriminates the Ego from the intimate Other by introducing a threatening, affectionate foreign Other. The author questions the classical psychoanalytical consideration of jealousy as a later development of envy due to the triangular structure of jealousy as compared to the binary structure of envy. The author argues that jealousy can act through an intimate Other, which is so closely fused with the I that, psychodynamically speaking, jealousy can function in the primary binary relationship as much as envy. The difference, then, lies not in the triangular structure of jealousy but on the threat, which the Other holds for the I in jealousy, which is a complementary psychological function of the threat which the I holds for the Other in envy. The paper ends with a brief description of the different structuring functions of envy and jealousy in each of the four archetypal cycles of symbolic personality development (matriarchal-patriarchal, otherness and cosmic). ■
El autor analiza la pieza de teatro "Amadeus" y estudia la función de la envidia en la relación de Mozart y Salieri. Caracteriza la envidia como una función estructurante normal de la mayor importancia en el desarrollo de la conciencia. Llama atención a la dificultad de comprender este hecho debido a que nuestras concepciones psicológicas se hallan todavía dominadas por la obra represora-puritana de la Inquisición. Afirma que en la presentación de la pieza la patología mental de Mozart es aún mayor que la de Salieri. Relaciona la envidia patológica de Mozart con un complejo paterno negativo y la de Salieri con la prostitución de su Anima. Explica el deterioro progresivo de las personalidades de Mozart y Salieri: al no asumir su envidia normal, ésta se volvió cada vez más sombría y patológica, superando el dinamismo neurótico y alcanzando lo psicótico. Describe la función estructurante normal de los celos para mejor discriminar la envidia y ejemplificar los celos patológicos con la pieza Otelo de Shakespeare. Finalmente, diferencia la función estructurante normal de los celos y la envidia en los ciclos arquetípicos matriarcal, patriarcal, de alteridad y cósmico. ■
ABSTRACT
Partindo da observação de que discussões sobre o tema da traição em tempos de redes sociais tem ganhado visibilidade no facebook, propõe-se aqui uma análise exploratória do tema a partir de uma postagem do Caso Sorocaba. Busca-se atingir os seguintes objetivos: 1) Investigar a traição na rede como um fenômeno da subjetividade contemporânea; 2) Compreender a linguagem da traição: do sofrimento ao ato e 3) Analisar a infidelidade deflagrada a partir do advento das redes sociais para a vida em sociedade. Os resultados desse artigo apontam para o mal estar do sujeito contemporâneo, descritos pelo seus excessos, explosões e desamparo. Portanto, observou-se um cenário de necessidades e de aprendizagens para os relacionamentos amorosos na contemporaneidade.(AU)
Based on the observation that discussions on the theme of betrayal in social networking times have gained visibility on Facebook, it is proposed here an exploratory analysis of the topic from a posting of the Sorocaba Case. It seeks to achieve the following main objectives: 1) Investigate betrayal in the network as a phenomenon of contemporary subjectivity; 2) Understand the language of betrayal: from suffering to act and 3) Analyse infidelity triggered from the advent of social networks to life in society in society. The results of this article point to the malaise of the contemporary subject, described by his excesses, explosions and helplessness. Therefore, a scenario of needs and learning for contemporary love relationships was observed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Extramarital Relations , Social Networking , Information Dissemination/ethics , Intention , IndividuationABSTRACT
Esta revisão integrativa tem o objetivo de analisar de que forma o fenômeno da infidelidade conjugal vem sendo investigado no cenário científico nacional. Os artigos foram selecionados a partir do uso dos descritores: infidelidade e traição na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS Psi - Brasil), resultando em 207 artigos, sendo que 136 artigos fugiam da temática de análise proposta, 34 duplicados, 23 publicações internacionais e um artigo indisponível para download, totalizando 13 artigos aptos para análise. Estes foram agrupados de acordo com proximidades temáticas; Considerações sobre a infidelidade; Relações e questões de gênero; Infidelidade e outros fenômenos; Infidelidade e possíveis consequências; A infidelidade e o conceito das Relações líquidas. Nota-se que a temática é pouco investigada, as publicações analisadas versam mais sobre causas, repercussões e fenômenos atrelados, principalmente às questões emergentes do cenário contemporâneo, como o debate sobre as novas configurações relacionais e o conceito de liquidez postulado por Bauman (2004).(AU)
This integrative review has the objective of analyze the way marital infidelity phenomenon has been investigated on the national scientific scenario. The articles were selected by the use of descriptors: infidelity and betrayal on the Virtual Health Library (BVS Psi-Brasil), resulting on 207 articles, given that 136 articles fled from the suggested analyses theme, 34 duplicated, 23 international publications and one article available for download, involving a total of 13 eligible articles for analysis. These were grouped according to the themes proximities; Considerations on the infidelity; Relations and questions of gender; Infidelity and other phenomena; Infidelity and possible consequences; The infidelity and the concept of the liquid Relations. It should be noted that the theme is little investigated, the analyzed publications discuss more about causes, impacts and liked phenomena, especially the emerging questions of the contemporary scenario, as the debate on its news relational configurations and the concept of liquidity postulated by Bauman (2004).(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Extramarital Relations , Family Conflict , MarriageABSTRACT
O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre a traição nos relacionamentos amorosos, analisando seu impacto na psique dos envolvidos e o papel dos arquétipos animus e anima numa vivência de traição. O ser humano tem uma tarefa a realizar: tomar posse do seu desígnio e assumir seu processo de individuação, realizando aquilo que só é dele. Quando o indivíduo não assume essa responsabilidade, ele trai a si mesmo, e se isso não for reconhecido haverá uma tendência de que ele encontre a traição fora dele - traindo ou sendo traído por alguém. Embora uma traição gere sofrimento, sua ocorrência pode ser relevante para o processo de desenvolvimento psíquico dos envolvidos. A traição "revela" que a pessoa está se traindo, que algo está sendo negligenciado e precisa ser cultivado para haver ampliação de consciência. Dentro de uma visão simbólica, a traição é um desígnio. Ela faz parte da vida desde o nosso nascimento e é necessário trair para que haja desenvolvimento psíquico.
This paper aims to discuss betrayal in love relationships analyzing its impact on the psyche of those involved and the role of archetypes animus and anima in an experience of betrayal. Human beings have the task to retain their purpose of life and take over their individuation process, accomplishing what they themselves are. When one doesn't assume this responsibility they betray themselves. In case it is not recognized they tend to find the betrayal out of themselves - to betray or to be betrayed by someone. Although betrayal causes suffering it may be relevant to the psychic development process of those involved. Betrayal "reveals" that one is cheating oneself, that something is being overlooked and needs to be cared about for consciousness expansion. From a symbolic point of view, betrayal is a destination. It is part of life since birth and it is necessary to betray for the psychic development to occur.
Subject(s)
Fantasy , Individuation , Intention , Spouses , Truth DisclosureABSTRACT
O presente artigo busca amplificações simbólicas nas expressões artísticas (letras de música, poesias, obras de dramaturgia e do cinema) que aludem ao tema da traição conjugal. Tece reflexões buscando um significado psicológico para esse fenômeno, estabelecendo pontes com o corpo teórico da psicologia como um todo, e da psicologia analítica em particular. Conclui que a relação conjugal é uma via de individuação, e que no casamento o desafio é permanecer fiel ao outro e a si mesmo, concomitantemente.
This article looks for symbolic amplification in artistic expressions (such as song lyrics, poetry, dramaturgy and movies) that allude to the theme of conjugal betrayal. It ponders the psychological meaning of this phenomenon, establishing connections between it, the theoretical body of psychology in general and analytical psychology in particular. The article concludes that conjugal relationship is an individuation path and that the challenge in marriage is to remain faithful both to the partner and to him/herself, at the same time.