A review of transfer distribution and content of radionuclides in mushrooms / 中国辐射卫生

Since the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the radioactive contamination in food caused by the nuclear accident has been widely concerned by people. There have been a lot of studies on concentrated radionuclides in mushrooms in foreign countries, but the research on radionuclides content and transfer distribution mechanism of radionuclides in mushrooms is almost blank in China. Studies have shown that mushrooms have a strong adsorption capacity on radionuclides. As a common food in daily life, therefore, it is of great significance to study the content of radionuclides in mushrooms for evaluating the internal dose in the human body. In this paper, the types of radionuclides in mushrooms and the methods of their transfer and distribution in mushrooms were reviewed, and the research status and development trends at domestic and abroad in recent years were emphasized, in order to provide theoretical support for the future basic research.

Beneficio-riesgo del uso de factor de transferencia (Hebertrans®) en la práctica médica habitual / Benefit-risk use of transfer factor (Hebertrans®) in usual medical practice / Risco-benefício do uso de fator de transferência (Hebertrans®) na prática médica habitual / Bénéfice-risque de l'utilisation du facteur de transfert (Hebertrans®) dans la pratique médicale habituelle

Resumen: Objetivos: Analizar la relación beneficio-riesgo del FT (Hebertrans®) en la práctica médica. Método: Se empleó el enfoque bayesiano para comparar la probabilidad de beneficio (evolución satisfactoria de los pacientes) con la de riesgo (presencia de reacciones adversas durante o después del tratamiento). La información se obtuvo de publicaciones que investigan las reacciones adversas y la evolución clínica de pacientes tratados con Hebertrans®. Resultados: Se observó mayor porcentaje de reacciones adversas entre los que evolucionaron de forma no satisfactoria (24,5%), que entre los que evolucionaron bien (12,2%). La diferencia entre beneficio y riesgo favoreció al primero (Factor de Bayes =2,3). Conclusiones: El balance beneficio-riesgo por el uso de factor de transferencia, (Hebertrans®), fue a favor del beneficio, pues a pesar que la evolución clínica de los pacientes no es satisfactoria, este medicamento provoca pocas reacciones adversas; las más frecuentes están relacionadas con el sitio de administración y son leves. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios epidemiológicos controlados para verificar estos resultados.

Abstract: Objectives. Analyze the benefit-risk ratio of FT (Hebertrans®) in medical practice. Method: The Bayesian approach was used to compare the likelihood of benefit (satisfactory evolution of patients) with risk (presence of adverse reactions during or after treatment). The information was obtained from publications investigating adverse reactions and the clinical evolution of patients treated with Hebertrans®. Results: A higher percentage of adverse reactions was observed with patients who evolved in an unsatisfactory way (24.5%), than among those who progressed correctly (12.2%). The difference between benefit and risk favored the first (Bayes Factor = 2.3). Conclusions: The benefit-risk balance for the use of the transfer factor (Hebertrans®) was in favor of the benefit, despite the fact that the clinical evolution of patients is not satisfactory, this drug causes few adverse reactions; the most frequent are related to the administration site and are mild. However, controlled epidemiological studies are necessary to verify these results.

Résumé : Objectifs : Analyser le rapport bénéfice-risque de l'utilisation de FT (Hebertrans®) dans la pratique médicale habituelle. Méthode: L'approche bayésienne a été utilisée pour comparer la probabilité d'avantage (évolution satisfaisante des patients) à risque (présence d'effets indésirables pendant ou après le traitement). L'information a été obtenue à partir de publications qui étudient les effets indésirables et l'évolution clinique des patients traités par Hebertrans®. Résultats: Un pourcentage plus élevé d'effets indésirables a été observé chez les patients qui ont évolué de manière peu satisfaisante (24,5%), que chez ceux qui ont évolué correctement (12,2%).La différence entre bénéfice et risque a favorisé le premier (facteur de Bayes = 2,3). Conclusions: Le rapport bénéfice-risque pour l'utilisation du facteur de transfert (Hebertrans®) était en faveur du profit, bien que l'évolution clinique des patients n'est pas satisfaisante, ce médicament provoque peu de réactions indésirables; les plus fréquentes sont liées au site d'administration et sont bénignes. Cependant, des études épidémiologiques contrôlées sont nécessaires pour vérifier ces résultats.

Resumo: Objetivos: Analisar a relação risco-benefício do FT (Hebertrans®) na prática médica. Método: Utilizou-se uma abordagem Bayesiana para comparar a probabilidade de benefício (evolução satisfatória dos doentes) com a de risco (presença de reações adversas durante ou após o tratamento). A informação foi obtida através de publicações que investigam as reações adversas e a evolução clínica dos doentes tratados com Hebertrans®. Resultados: Observou-se uma maior percentagem de reações adversas entre aqueles que evoluíram de modo satisfatório (24,5%), e os que evoluíram bem (12,2%). A diferença entre benefício e risco favoreceu o primeiro (Fator Bayes = 2,3). Conclusões: A relação risco-benefício para o uso do fator de transferência (Hebertrans®) foi favorável ao benefício, pois apesar de a evolução clínica dos doentes não ser satisfatória, este medicamento provoca poucas reações adversas; as mais frequentes estão relacionadas com o local de administração e são ligeiras. No entanto, são necessários estudos epidemiológicos controlados para confirmar estes resultados.

Effects of applied cadmium on its accumulation, dry matter production and net photosynthesis in okra and amelioration of cadmium toxicity through lime application

Aim: Vegetables grown in cadmium contaminated soils accumulate cadmium in their tissues and are risky for consumption. The aim of the study was to get an insight into the effect of different levels of cadmium in soil, on accumulation in different plant parts of okra and its effect on overall growth, biomass production and photosynthesis rate so that suitable management option is explored to produce safe vegetable in cadmium contaminated soils. Methodology: The study was conducted in replicated pots with three soil pH (5.46, 6.54 and 7.45) attained through addition of CaCO3 as main treatment and four Cd levels viz., 0, 3, 6 and 9 mg kg-1 of soil as sub-treatment. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was taken as the test crop. The experiment was conducted in a net house. Results: The Cd concentrations were minimum in fruits (0.54, 0.31 and 0.14 mg kg-1) and higher in leaves at acidic pH (5.5), while in soil limed to slightly acidic (6.5) and alkaline pH (7.5) roots retained maximum Cd among plant parts. Net photosynthesis and biomass production decreased significantly with higher Cd doses at acidic pH (5.5). The rate of decline in net photosynthesis was lesser at higher soil pH. The transfer factors decreased with increase in soil pH. The DTPA extractable soil Cd decreased from 8.5 to 2% when soil pH increased rendering the Cd less available for plant uptake. Interpretation: Liming can be an effective ameliorative measure to mitigate Cd toxicity in acidic soils and can ensure safe consumption. Lowest accumulation of cadmium in fruit part suggests okra to be a potential vegetable crop for Cd polluted soils.

Valores de referência para a difusão do monóxido de carbono (fator de transferência) em uma amostra brasileira da raça branca / Reference values for the carbon monoxide diffusion (transfer factor) in a brazilian sample of white race

RESUMO Objetivo Derivar valores de referência em adultos brancos para a difusão do monóxido de carbono (DCO) em uma amostra de diferentes locais do Brasil por um mesmo modelo de equipamento (Sensormedics) e comparar os resultados com os derivados pelas equações de Crapo, Miller e Neder, e da proposta pelo Global Lung Initiative (GLI). Métodos Os testes foram realizados de acordo com as normas sugeridas pela ATS/ERS, em 2005, em seis cidades brasileiras, em 120 voluntários adultos de cada sexo, não fumantes, sem anemia referida e sem doenças pulmonares ou cardíacas. Os previstos foram derivados por regressões lineares e as diferenças entre os valores previstos por alguns autores e os observados no estudo atual foram calculadas. Resultados Nos homens, a idade variou de 25 a 88 anos e a estatura, de 156 a 189 cm. Nas mulheres, a idade variou de 21 a 92 anos e a estatura, de 140 a 176 cm. A DCO se correlacionou de maneira significativa positivamente com a estatura e negativamente com a idade. Os valores previstos pelas equações de Crapo, Neder e Miller foram maiores em comparação aos obtidos pelo estudo atual (p<0,01) em ambos os sexos. Nos homens, os valores não diferiram quando comparados aos calculados pelo GLI (p=0,29); nas mulheres, os valores derivados pelo GLI foram levemente maiores: 0,99 mL/min/mmHg (p<0,01). Conclusões Novos valores previstos para a DCO foram derivados em uma amostra de adultos brancos no Brasil. Os valores previstos são semelhantes aos compilados pelas equações GLI e diferem de equações propostas anteriormente.

ABSTRACT Objective To derive reference values from white race adults, for DCO in a sample from different sites in Brazil, through the same equipment model (Sensormedics), and compare the results with the derivatives from Crapo, Miller, Neder equations and from the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) proposal. Methods The tests were performed according to the norms suggested by ATS/ERS in 2005 in six Brazilian cities, with 120 adult volunteers of each gender, non-smokers, without referred anemia and without lung or cardio diseases. The expected values were derived from linear regressions and the differences between the values forecasted by some authors and the ones observed in the current study were calculated. Results Among men, the age varied between 25 and 88 years old, and the height varied between 140 and 176 cm. DCO was correlated significantly and positively with the height and negatively with the age. The values forecasted by Crapo, Neder, and Miller equations were higher in comparison with the ones obtained by the current study (p<0.01) in both genders. Among men, the values did not differ when compared to the ones calculated by GLI (p=0.29); among women, the values derived by GLI were slightly higher: 0.99 ml/min/mmHg (p<0.01). Conclusion new values forecasted for DCO were derived in a sample of white adults in Brazil. The forecasted values are similar to the ones complied by GLI equations and differ from the previously proposed equations.

Optimization of Transfer Factor Vitality Test and Establishment of a New Method Based on Micro Plate- Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the current T cell-E Rose test method, establish a new alternative method, and measure 57 batches of transfer factor preparations using the two methods. METHODS: Cell smear was prepared by modified cell smear-dry staining method. Cross-test was performed with fresh porcine thymus and rabbit thymus respectively with sheep erythrocytes. The micro plate-leukocyte adherence inhibition alternative method was established and verified for the linearity, repeatability, and specificity. RESULTS: The improved smear-dyeing method had clear and reliable microscopic effect, which was easy to read the preservation. Porcine thymus lymphocytes and rabbit thymus lymphocytes were able to form E rosette with sheep red blood cells, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. The analysis results of 57 batches of transfer factor injection showed that the leukocyte adherence inhibition rate had no significant difference with the results of rosette viability. CONCLUSION: The improved method can replace the original cell counting plate method, which can better respond to the actual value of the sample with long-term preservation, and it is suitable for reading and reviewing the analysis result of large quantities of samples at any time. The alternative micro plate-leukocyte adherence test method may reduce the human subjective factors, and is more accurate, rapid, reproducible, and specific than the original method, and suitable for high-throughput analysis.

Histopathology of murine toxoplasmosis under treatment with dialyzable leukocyte extract

BACKGROUND Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLEs) contain molecules smaller than 10 kDa with biological activity in receptor organisms. Primarily, they participate in the regulation of the Th1 immune response, which is essential for the control of several intracellular infections, such as toxoplasmosis. This disease is associated with congenital infection, encephalitis or systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The clinical course of this infection fundamentally depends on a well-regulated immune response and timely treatment with the appropriate drugs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with a leukocyte extract, derived from crocodile lymphoid tissue, on the histopathology and brain parasite load in NIH mice that had been infected with cysts of Toxoplasma gondii (ME-49 strain). METHODS The treatment was applied during the acute and chronic stages of the infection. Histopathological changes were evaluated in the ileum, liver and spleen at one, four and eight weeks after infection and in the brain at week 8. The parasite load was evaluated by counting the cysts of T. gondii found in the brain. FINDINGS Compared to the control mouse group, the mice infected with T. gondii and under treatment with DLE showed less tissue damage, mainly at the intestinal, splenic and hepatic levels. In addition, a greater percentage of survival was observed, and there was a considerable reduction in the parasite load in the brain. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that DLE derived from crocodile is a potential adjunctive therapy in the conventional treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Use of transfer factor in immunosuppressed surgical patients / Avaliação do uso de fator de transferência na resposta imunológica de pacientes cirúrgicos imunodeprimidos

ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the action of Transfer Factor on the immune response of patients with malignant neoplasm submitted to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Method: we analyzed the variations of leukocytes, total lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and CD4 counts in 60 patients submitted to immunostimulation with a single, daily dose of 0.5mg sublingual Transfer Factor, started simultaneously with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Results: there were statistically significant increases in the counts of all cell lines studied, more pronounced after 12 months of use of the medication. Conclusion: the Transfer Factor restored immune response and showed no side effects.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a ação do Fator de Transferência na resposta imunológica de pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna submetidos à cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Método: análise das variações dos valores dos leucócitos, linfócitos totais, linfócitos T e CD4 em 60 pacientes submetidos à imunoestimulação com Fator de Transferência administrado em dose única de 0,5mg por via sublingual, diariamente e iniciada simultaneamente à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Resultados: houve um aumento no número de todas as linhagens celulares estudadas que foi mais acentuada após 12 meses de uso da medicação. A análise estatística realizada com o software Graph Pad Instat, testadas pelo método Kolmogorov and Smirnov, mostrou que os resultados foram significativos. Conclusão: o Fator de Transferência restabeleceu a resposta imune e não apresentou efeitos colaterais.

Venesection Ventouse Coordinated with Helium-neon Laser Combined with Drugs Treat Early Herpes Zoster / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]Observe the clinical effect of early herpes zoster which were treated by venesection ventouse combined with helium-neon laser and drugs. [Methods]The control group 32 cases used Famciclovir Tablet,transfer factor capsules,mecobalamin and acyclovir cream-drug for external use. While the experimental group 32 cases used Famciclovir Tablet,transfer factor capsules,mecobalamin and acyclovir cream-drug for external use. While the experimental group besides taking above-medicine, were treated with venesection ventouse and helium-neon laser at the pathological change. [Results]The control group used to cure for an average of 13 ±2.5 days. The experimental group used to cure for an average of 9.6 ±2.4 days. There were significant differences(P<0.05). [Conclusion] Early herpes zoster treated by venesection ventouse combined with helium-neon laser and drugs, can significantly shorten the duration of symptoms, alleviate suffering, and has good clinical efficacy.

Quality evaluation and specification research of transfer factor injections / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To understand the quality status and problems of domestic transfer factor injections and evaluate the suitability of statutory standard and additional explorative researches. METHODS: Fifty-seven batches of transfer factor injections were analyzed according to the legal quality standard and the results were statistically analyzed to assess the overall level of quality. The qualities of the products form different manufacturing enterprises were compared. According to the explorative researches, the overall situation of product quality and standard condition were then comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS: The qualified rate of the 57 batches of samples was 91.2%. Four samples failed due to visible foreign substances and one sample failed due to unqualified content of ribose. There were obvious differences between the results of legal test and exploratory research. The results reflected some defects and problems of the legal quality standard which was greatly improved and revised in our research. CONCLUSION: The overall quality status of transfer factor injections is not ideal. The results of exploratory research demonstrate that many defects exist in the legal quality standard and a series of exclusive, accurate and sensitive methods should be established to fully control the quality of transfer factor injections.

Research on the determination of molecular weight distribution of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To establish the molecular weight distribution of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection (PSTF) by electrophoresis, HPLC and MS.Methods Using the methods of SDS-PAGE, HPSEC, MALDI-TOF-MS to test the molecular of PSTF.Results The Molecular was 8000 Da by SDS-PAGE.There were 5026.67,6783.44,7496.42,8736.55 Da components in PSTF by HPSEC.The main component molecular was 2972 Da and the maximum molecular component was 8194 Da.Conclusion HPSEC is simple and rapid to determine the maximum component molecular of PSTF.

Curative Effect Observation of Transfer Factor Oral Solutions as Adjunctive Therapy in Elderly Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection (RRTI) / 中国药师

Objective:To observe the curative effect of transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection ( RRTI) . Methods:Totally 74 ederly patients with RRTI were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group randomly. The patients in the two groups were given anti-infection and symptomatic treatment during the acute stage of attack. The patients in the observation group were additionally given transfer factor oral solutions 10ml, po, tid for 3 months. The changes in serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the two groups before and after the medical treat-ment were compared, and the clinical curative effect and adverse drug reactions ( ADR) were observed as well. Results: After the medical treatment, the serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the observation group were obviously increased than before (P0. 05). The total clinical efficiency in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (P0. 05). Conclusion:Transfer factor oral solutions as the adjunctive therapy in ederly patients with RRTI has the favorable clinical curative effect and safety, and the underlying mechanisms may be concerned with the effect of enhancing serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels, as well as humoral immune function.

Eventos adversos observados años después del tratamiento con factor de transferencia / Adverse events occurred some years after the application of a transfer factor treatment

Introducción: el factor de transferencia es un inmunoestimulante que se emplea en varias enfermedades, su seguridad en las condiciones de la práctica médica no se ha establecido. Objetivos: identificar eventos adversos presentados años después de finalizado el tratamiento con factor de transferencia y determinar la relación entre su utilización y los eventos observados. Métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de fármacovigilancia activa. El universo estuvo constituido por 413 pacientes tratados con este fármaco entre los años 2001 y 2004 en 11 hospitales de La Habana. El periodo de observación abarcó los 6 a 8 años posteriores al tratamiento. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados acerca de la presencia de infecciones, cáncer y otros eventos, en su hogar. Si un evento era la muerte, se entrevistaba al familiar para registrar causa y fecha. Resultados: se entrevistaron 356 pacientes, 66 (18,53 por ciento) presentaron al menos un evento adverso, 21(31,8 por ciento) en mayores de 60 años. Se registraron 87 eventos adversos, 8 (9,2 por ciento) fueron infecciones como hepatitis B, hepatitis C, foliculosis, mononucleosis y verrugas vulgares, 1 (1,1 por ciento) cáncer y 78 (89,7 por ciento) otros eventos. Su relación con la administración del fármaco resultó condicional en 64 (73,6 por ciento) pacientes e improbable en 21 (24,1 por ciento), en esta última categoría se incluyeron las infecciones y la mayoría de los eventos mortales. Conclusiones: los eventos adversos que se registraron en los pacientes, años después de haber recibido tratamiento con factor de transferencia, no se consideran relacionados con su administración, aunque necesitan ser vigilados pues la información obtenida en este estudio debe ser contrastada con un mayor número de observaciones y estudios observacionales controlados

Introduction: the transfer factor is an immunostimulant that is used to treat several diseases but its safety in the medical practice has not been assured yet. Objectives: to identify the adverse events occurred some years after the end of a transfer factor treatment and to determine the association of the use and the observed events. Methods: observational active drug surveillance study. The universe of study was 413 patients who were treated with the transfer factor from 2001 to 2004 in eleven hospitals located in La Habana province. The observation period ranged 6 to 8 years after the treatment. The patients were interviewed at home on the occurrence of infections, cancer or any other events. If some death occurred, then a family member was interviewed to record the cause and the date of the decease. Results: three hundred fifty six patients were interviewed; 66(18.53 percent) stated at least one adverse event and 21(31.80 percent) events occurred in over 60 years-old patients. Eighty seven adverse effects were recorded; 8 (9.20 percent) comprised infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, foliculosis, mononucleosis and warts, one (1.10 percent) event corresponded to cancer and 78 (89.70 percent) to other type of events. Their relationship with the administration of the drug was considered as conditional in 64 events (73.60 percent) and as unlikely in 21 (24.10 percent) events comprising infections and most of the fatal events. Conclusions: the adverse events observed in the patients, some years after the end of the treatment with the transfer factor, were not considered to be related to the administration of this drug; however, they must be under surveillance since the information obtained from this study should be compared with the information collected by a higher number of observations and of controlled observational studies

Eventos adversos observados después del tratamiento con factor de transferencia / Adverse events after treatment with the transfer factor

Introducción: el factor de transferencia es un inmunoestimulante que se emplea en una amplia gama de enfermedades. Su eficacia y seguridad han sido evaluadas en ensayos clínicos prerregistro, pero se conoce poco sobre su seguridad en condiciones de la práctica habitual, de ahí la necesidad de vigilar su uso y contribuir a establecer su relación beneficio/riesgo. Objetivos: identificar eventos adversos en pacientes tratados con factor de transferencia, determinar grado de asociación fármaco-evento observado y su gravedad. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y multicéntrico de farmacovigilancia activa. Se observó durante el año siguiente al término del tratamiento con factor de transferencia, a una serie de 282 pacientes tratados por su médico de asistencia entre abril de 2001 y abril de 2002, en 9 hospitales en La Habana. Se analizaron los eventos adversos presentados, su gravedad, si existía asociación con el fármaco, la cantidad de eventos por paciente, la dosis administrada y la edad del paciente. Resultados: el 13,8 por ciento de los pacientes observados tuvo al menos un evento adverso, de ellos 38,5 por ciento tenía entre 45-59 años. Los esquemas de tratamiento con dosis altas y prolongadas no provocaron más eventos que los ya encontrados. Se identificaron 80 eventos adversos, 55 por ciento leves y en 80 por ciento se consideró improbable su relación con el medicamento. Ninguno se clasificó definitivo o probable, mientras que eventos como fiebre, artralgia, disnea, mialgia, alergia y astenia, se consideraron reacciones adversas posibles y leves. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los eventos adversos presentados, durante el año siguiente de finalizado el tratamiento con factor de transferencia, fueron leves y no relacionados con su uso. Aun así, los productores del medicamento deberían advertir a profesionales y pacientes sobre las reacciones adversas posibles detectadas

Introduction: the transfer factor is an immunologic stimulant used in a wide range of diseases. Its safety and efficiency have been evaluated in pre-registration clinical trials, but little is known about its safety margin under regular practical conditions, hence the need of closely watching its use and setting the benefit-risk relation. Objectives: to identify adverse events in patients treated with the transfer factor and to determine the level of association of the drug and the observed adverse event and severity. Methods: prospective, multicentered, descriptive and observational study of active drug surveillance. Two hundred and eighty two patients, who were attended by their physicians from April 2001 to April 2002 in 9 hospitals of Havana, were observed for one year after the end of a treatment with the transfer factor. The occurrence of adverse events as well as their severity, association with the drug, the number of events per patient, the supplied dosage and the age of the patient was all analyzed. Results: in this group of patients, 13,8 percent had at least one adverse effect; 38,5 percent were aged 45 to 59 years. The treatment schemes with high and prolonged dosage did not cause any further event. Eighty adverse effects were identified, 55 percent mild and 80 percent were considered as unlikely related with the drug. None of them was definitive or probable whereas fever, arthralgia, dysnea, myalgia, allergy and asthenia were considered as possible mild adverse reactions. Conclusions: most of adverse events during the year after the end of treatment with the transfer factor were mild and unrelated to the use of the drug. However, the drug manufacturers should advise professionals and patients on the possible occurrence of adverse reactions

The observation of the clinical effect of transfer factor local injection in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus / 中国基层医药

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of transfer factor( TF) local injection in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus.Methods 100 patients with oral lichen planus were randomly divided in to the control group (40 cases) and the observation group(60 cases).The control group was given conventional treatment.The observation group was taken submucoeal local injection of TF on the basis of the control group.The clinical efficacy of the two groups and the adverse reaction of the courses were compared.Results The cure rate,the total effective rate of the observation group after treatment were 51.7％,93.3％,which were significantly higher than the control group of 37.5 ％,80.0％.The recurrence rate was 5.0％ (3/60),which was significantly lower than the control group 12.5 ％(5/40)(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference for the two sets of adverse reactions(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Local injection of TF in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus was significantly better than conventional therapy,and it doesn't increase the adverse reactions.

Chromium (VI) induced phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in pea (Pisum sativum L.): Biochemical changes and translocation of essential nutrients.

Due to widespread industrial use, chromium (Cr) is considered a hazardous environmental pollutant. It is known to inhibit plant growth and development. The present study provides the evidence of the phytotoxicity of this metal on the pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Azad) plants. The plants of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in refined sand under different concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mM of Cr (VI) in order to study the effect on growth and yield, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, non-reducing sugar and protein with activity of certain enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, starch phosphorylase and ribonuclease. The analysis of the results showed that photosynthetic pigments (68.68%), relative water contents (62.77%), non-reducing sugar (66.66%) and protein (81.57%) were decrease along with reduction in plant height (52.69% ) and leaf area (50.81%) of the pea plants. However, in response to various concentration of Cr exposed plants showed significant induction of reducing and total sugars with enzymes like catalase, starch phosphorylase and ribonuclease. The translocation of Cr in various part of pea plant have been found in order of root> stem> leaves>seeds which ranged between 34.8 to 217.3 mg g-1 d.wt. (dry weight) in roots, 6.5 to 173.13 mg g-1 d.wt. in shoot, 4.2 to 74.43 mg g-1 d.wt. in leaves and 0.94 to 8.64 mg g-1 d.wt. in seeds, that is also reflected by the transfer factor of Cr from refined sand to tested species.

Effect of transfer factor on immunity and its efficacy in patients with varruca plana / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To observe the effect of transfer factor on immunity in patients with varruca plana and the clinical effect of treatment. Methods Sixty patients with varruca plana were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with transfer factor) and a control group (treated with routine therapy). Before and after the treatment, T-lymphocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of all the patients were determined by flow cytometry and serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10)and in-terferon-gamma (INF-γ)were detected by ELISA. The same detections were done to the twenty healthy volunteers as healthy controls. Results Effective rates in the treatment group and control group were 76.67 % and 43. 33 %, respectively (x2=5. 63,P<0.05). Decrease of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and increase of CD8+ cells were found in varruca plana group as com-pared with the healthy controls(P<0.01 ). After the treatment of transfer factor, increase of CD3+ cells ,CD4+ cells (P<0.05), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0. 01)and decrease of CD8+ cells(P<0.01)were found in the treatment group as compared with those before treatment, while there were no significant difference in the control group before and after the treatment. Higher IL-10 and lower INF-γ in serum were found in varruca plana group as compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). After the treat-ment of transfer factor, decrease of IL-10 and increase INF-γ in serum (P<0. 05)were found in the treatment group as compared with those before treatment, while there were no significant difference in control group before and after the treatment. Conclusion The results reveal that immunity is im-paired in patients with varruca plana. Transfer factor can enhance the immunity of the patients. Therefore, varruca plana patients treated with transfer factor receive better effects.

The Therapeutic Effect of Anti-HBV Placenta Transfer Factor Injection on liver Cirrhosis Resulting from Chronic Hepatitis B / 医学研究杂志

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection to liver cirrhosis.Methods 193 cases of liver cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B are administrated anti-HBV placenta transfer factor.The main clinical symptoms and signs(weakness,hepatalgia,hepatosplenomegaly),the biochemical markers such as liver function(ALT,AST,serum total protein,albumin,total bilirubin,A/G),blood routine,fibrosis markers(HA、LN、PⅢP、PIVP),and serum protein electrophoresis before and after 24 weeks treatment were analysed.Results The main clinical symptoms and signs,liver function,blood routine,fibrosis markers,serum protein electrophoresis were significantly improved after 24 weeks of treatment.(P

Preparation and standardization of paratyphi a specific transfer factor / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To prepare a new kind of biological agent initially,which will be used for emergent prevention or adjuvant therapy for paratyphia.Methods Paratyphia specific factor(PA-STF) was prepared in vivo and scanned with multi-wavelength using ultraviolet spectrophotometer.Then we determined the content of polypeptide and ribose with orcinol assay and modified Lowry assay respectively,followed by sterility test,pyrogen test and safety test.The immunological activity was assayed by immune protection test.Results The physico-chemical properties of PA-STF accorded with the criteria of Chinese Bioproduct Rules(2000 edition).In the immune protection test,the survival rate of mice was higher in the two experiment groups than in control group and NS group(P

Treatment of oral lichen planus with epidermal transfer factor / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical treatment experience of epidermal transfer factor(ETF) on oral lichen planus(OLP).Methods:66 OLP patients received ETF treatment were retrospectively investigated.Fully recovery,markedly effective,effective and ineffective were used as evaluation criteria.Results:The effective rate in test group and control group was 93.94% and 73.17% respectively(P

ANTIGEN SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF THE TRANSFER FACTOR AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE I / 中国免疫学杂志

TF was prepared from spleen cellsof both HSV-1-immunized mice(TF_(HSV)-1)and control group animals(TFn)4 weeks after immunization.The leukocyte adherence inhibitionindex(LAII)demonstrating the spe-cific activity of TF_(HSV)-1 in vitrowas found to be significantly higherthan that of control(P