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AIM: To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification with steep meridian transparent corneal incision on visual function, corneal astigmatism and tear film changes.METHODS: A total of 106 cataract patients(106 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as research objects, and they were divided into observation group and control group according to the operation mode: with 51 patients in the observation group who were treated with steep meridian transparent corneal incision, and 55 patients in the control group who were treated with transnasal transparent corneal incision. The changes of visual function, corneal astigmatism and tear film between the two groups were compared before operation and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation.RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the operation of two groups(all P>0.05). The visual acuity was significantly improved at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation, and it was better in the observation group than that in the control group. Mean defect(MD)of visual field was significantly lower, and it was significantly lower in the control group(all P<0.05); The corneal astigmatism AKP(+0)of the two groups was significantly lower at 3mo after operation, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in corneal astigmatism AKP(+45)(P>0.05); Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)value increased first and then decreased, and the valley value was at 1wk after operation; Tear film break-up time(BUT)decreased first and then increased, and the valley value was at 1wk after operation. SⅠt in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at each time point(all P<0.05), while BUT in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at each time point(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Steep meridian transparent corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery is beneficial to improve the postoperative visual function of patients, reduce postoperative corneal astigmatism, reduce the damage to the patient's tear film function, and promote its recovery.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of noninvasive prenatal DNA screening combined with nuchal translucency thickness measurement in the diagnosis of fetal chromosome aneuploidy.Methods:A total of 5 730 pregnant women who were screened for fetal chromosomal diseases in the Quzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019 were included in this study. All of them underwent noninvasive prenatal DNA screening and nuchal translucency thickness measurement. The results of amniocentesis were used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive prenatal DNA screening, nuchal translucency thickness measurement and their combination.Results:Noninvasive prenatal DNA screening revealed that 64 (1.12%) women out of 5 730 pregnant women had high risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities. Ultrasound examination results showed that nuchal translucency was thickened in 140 (2.44%) women. The outcome of adverse pregnancy increased with the increase of nuchal translucency thickness. Among the 68 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis, 51 women developed chromosomal abnormalities, with trisomy 21 syndrome being the majority (23/51,45.10%). The diagnostic efficacy of noninvasive prenatal DNA screening combined with nuchal translucency thickness measurement in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy reached the ideal level.Conclusion:Noninvasive prenatal DNA screening combined with nuchal translucency thickness measurement has a high clinical application value. The combined method can be used as the main prenatal DNA screening method for pregnant women and it can effectively avoid the birth of children with chromosomal abnormalities.
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Resumen El presente trabajo se propuso analizar la contribución de la comprensión de lenguaje oral y la velocidad y la precisión en la lectura de palabras en la comprensión lectora en lectores iniciales del español que crecen en contextos de pobreza urbana. Para ello, se evaluó a 31 niños de 3er grado que crecían en barrios socialmente vulnerables de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, mediante pruebas de comprensión lectora, precisión y velocidad lectora, vocabulario y procesamiento morfosintáctico. Los resultados de la muestra total indican que la medida de comprensión lectora se asoció a las medidas de vocabulario, procesamiento de lenguaje oral, y velocidad y precisión en la lectura. En contraposición a resultados obtenidos en otras lenguas de ortografía transparente, el análisis de una regresión indicó que la comprensión lectora estuvo mayormente explicada por la medida de precisión y no de velocidad en la lectura de palabras. A fin de enriquecer el análisis de los datos, a partir de los resultados en la prueba de comprensión de textos se conformaron dos grupos de niños con diferente nivel de comprensión lectora: un grupo de niños con un nivel de comprensión lectora cercano a la media obtenida (21 sujetos) y un grupo de niños cuyo desempeño se ubicó en un desvío por debajo de la media en la medida de comprensión (10 sujetos). Los resultados de una prueba de comparación de medias mostraron que entre grupos de niños con diferente nivel de comprensión lectora las habilidades que se diferenciaron fueron las relacionadas al procesamiento morfosintáctico.
Abstract The present study aims to analyze the contribution of oral language and reading comprehension skills in early readers of Spanish who grow up in poverty context in Buenos Aires, Argentina. For this, reading comprehension, reading accuracy, reading fluency, vocabulary and morphosyntax processing were tested in 31 3rd graders. Full sample data analysis show that reading comprehension measures was associated with vocabulary, oral language processing, reading speed and accuracy. In contrast to results obtained in other languages with transparent orthographies, regression analysis shows that reading comprehension was mainly explained by reading accuracy and not by reading speed. In order to improve the data analysis, two groups of children with different levels of reading comprehension were selected: one group (21 children) whose level of comprehension was near to the average obtained and one group of children (10 subjects) with lower reading comprehension level. The results of a mean comparison test showed that in groups of children with different levels of reading comprehension, the skills that differed were those related to morphosyntactic processing.
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Background: Enteroscopy-based biopsy pathology has high diagnostic value for suspected small bowel diseases. Retrograde single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is difficult to operate due to the influence of colonic segment. Transparent cap has been widely used in the diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedure, which is conducive for inserting the enteroscope and stabilizing the intestinal cavity. Aims: To explore the role of transparent cap in retrograde SBE. Methods: A total of 64 cases of patients who were hospitalized for retrograde SBE in Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital were recruited and allocated into 2 groups according to the random number table method, with 32 cases in each group. Patients in experimental group received cap-assisted SBE and those in control group received routine SBE. All procedures were performed by an experienced senior endoscopist. Outcomes measured included time to reach the ileocecus, terminal ileum intubation rate, depth of insertion, diagnostic yield, and the related complications. Results: The mean time to reach the ileocecus was shorter in experimental group than in control group [(11.8±2.0) min vs. (13.6±2.8) min, P0.05). No severe complications were observed in all the cases. Conclusions: Cap-assisted retrograde SBE is an efficient method for optimizing the intubation rate, insertion depth and procedure time, and is suitable for promotion in clinical practice.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns for aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor of children.@*Methods@#A predesigned clinical prospective randomized controlled research method was used to select 90 patients (123 teeth). The random number table method was divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A was treated with a bulk-fill composite resin of SF (SonicFill) combined with a transparent preformed crown (41 teeth in 30 cases), and group B was treated with a large block of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill Composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (39 teeth in 29 cases). Group C was treated with 3M Z350 XT universal nano resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (43 teeth in 31 cases). The visual analog scale (VAS) and the modified USPHS standard were used to evaluate the completeness, marginal steps, marginal discoloration, surface condition, secondary caries and satisfaction of the parents with prostheses after 12 months.@*Results @#Twelve months after the operation, the evaluation indexes of group A were better than those of group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant, including edge integrity (χ2=10.847, P=0.028), edge step (χ2=7.799, P=0.020), edge discoloration (χ2=10.391, P=0.034), surface state (χ2=11.476, P=0.021), and secondary caries (χ2=10.447, P=0.034). The satisfaction of parents in group A on the overall contour (χ2=10.238, P=0.037), shape and texture (χ2=11.521, P=0.021) were better than those in group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the evaluation of color satisfaction among the three groups (χ2=0.990, P=0.610).@* Conclusion@#SonicFill bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crown is good for short-term aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor, and parental satisfaction is high.
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@#Functional orthodontics is one of the most important methods in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion in adolescents. A deep understanding of the many factors affecting the effect of functional orthopedics can improve the efficiency of correction and achieve good results. In this paper, from the two aspects of patients and appliances, we analyzed the factors that affect the curative effect of class II malocclusion functional orthopedics and deeply analyzed the therapeutic mechanism of functional appliances to guide clinical treatment. The results of the literature review show that the peak period of growth and development is the best period for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion. For patients with a vertical growth type, it is recommended to use a high head cap traction appliance to prevent the lower jaw from rotating backward and downward, and functional appliances such as titanium plates or implant nail-assisted anchorage can effectively reduce the lip inclination of the lower anterior teeth. In addition, compared with the traditional functional appliance, digital and personalized transparent braces are not only more aesthetically pleasing, comfortable and beneficial to periodontal health but also have many orthopedic appliances advantages, such as two-stage fusion, better incisor torque and vertical control of the posterior teeth, and can solve the problems of anterior interference and lateral deficiency while leading. With the development of digital orthodontics, transparent appliances have become an important developmental direction for functional appliances, but there are few related studies, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.
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Resumen Las Interfaces Cerebro-Computadora (ICCs) son sistemas que miden la actividad del Sistema Nervioso Central y la convierten en salidas que reemplazan, restauran, aumentan, suplementan o mejoran las salidas naturales de dicho sistema y, por lo tanto, cambian las interacciones en curso entre el ser humano y su ambiente interno o externo. Sin embargo, a más de medio siglo de ser investigadas en condiciones de laboratorio, las ICC no han podido ser trasladadas al mundo real. En el presente artículo de revisión se busca: (1) comprender a fondo la estructura de una ICC y los tipos de sistema, (2) analizar el reto que tiene la comunidad científica para mejorar la interacción entre usuario y sistema desde la perspectiva de la ingeniería de factores humanos y (3) describir la aplicación de este tipo de tecnología de asistencia en desarrollo en la sociedad mexicana. El futuro de estas ICC y la eficiencia con que logren el objetivo para el que fueron diseñadas parece depender, más que nunca, de factores relacionados a la percepción subjetiva del usuario, su adaptación al manejo de las ICC y el proceso de internalizarlas como propias en su espacio personal y su psique.
Abstract Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) record the neural activity of the Central Nervous System, and then, produce outputs that replace, restore, increase, supplement or improve the natural outputs of such system. Therefore, the interaction between the human beings and their internal or external environment is transformed. However, over a century being investigated under laboratory conditions, BCIs have not been able to be transferred to the real world. This review aims to: (1) thoroughly understand the structure of a BCI and the system types, (2) analyze the challenge that the scientific community is facing to improve the interaction between user and system from the perspective of the engineering of human factors; and (3) describe the application of this type of assistive technology under development in the Mexican Society. The future of this technology and its effectiveness seem to depend more than ever on factors related to the user subjective perception, and the user adaptation to the system.
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Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of common subtypes of non-transparent renal cell carcinoma.Methods Retrospective analysis of 115 patients with pathologically confirmed non-transparent renal cell carcinoma from January 2003 to December 2017,including 67 males and 48 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.4∶ 1.The average age is (51.2 ± 13.4)years old.71 cases were asymptomatic renal cancer,44 cases had clinical symptoms,including 10 cases of gross hematuria,28 cases of low back pain,4 cases of hematuria with low back pain,and 2 cases of abdominal mass.There were 49 open surgery and 66 laparoscopic surgery.58 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and 57 underwent partial nephrectomy.Of the 115 patients,17 (14.9％) had abnormal hemoglobin (Hb),22 (19.1％) had abnormal platelet (PLT) count,18 (15.7％) had abnormal alkaline phosphatase,and abnormal lactate dehydrogenase 16 cases (13.9％).The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was used to calculate the survival rate of patients,and the Cox proportional regression risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.Results The postoperative pathological stage was 57 cases in T1a stage,38 cases in T1b stage,12 cases in T2a stage,8 cases in T2b stage,2 cases of regional lymph node positive,and 113 cases negative;no distant metastasis.Pathological types:42 cases of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma,37 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma type Ⅰ,36 cases of type Ⅱ.The average follow-up time was 38.6 months,and the rate of loss of follow-up was 3.5％ (4/115).The 1,3,and 5 year overall survival rates of 115 patients with common subtypes of non-transparent renal cell carcinoma were 99.1％,95.8％,and 81.1％,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that the pathological type (OR =4.625,P =0.014),four indicators ≥ 3 abnormalities (OR =30.853,P =0.024),lymph node metastasis (OR =35.663,P =0.006) were the group.An independent factor in the survival time of patients with common subtypes of non-transparent renal cell carcinoma.Conclusions Compared with papillary renal cell carcinoma type Ⅰ and renal chromophobe cell carcinoma,papillary renal cell carcinoma type Ⅱ has a higher degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis.The pathological types of the common subtypes of nontransparent renal cell carcinoma,four indicators (Hb,PLT count,alkaline phosphatase,and lactate dehydrogenase) ≥3 abnormalities and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
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Objective: To evaluate the effects on the apical sealing ability of iRoot SP used for straight root canals. Methods: 73 extracted human teeth with straight roots were randomly assigned to 8 groups. The root canals in groups A3 was obturated with single gutta-percha cone. The others were obturated with thermoplasticized gutta-percha cones. The canals were filled with AH Plus (group A1 and B1), iRoot SP (group A2, A3 and B2) and ZOE (group A4) . The post space was prepared either immediately after obturation (A1-A4) or 7 days later group (B1 and B2) . The extent of dye penetration was measured by transparent dental technology. Results:There were no significant differences among A1-A3 groups, between group A1 and B1, A2 and B2, P＞ 0. 05. The dye penetration extent of group A4 and C was greater than that of group A2 (P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion: iRoot SP and AH Plus have same performance on root canal seal. There was no significant difference between iRoot SP + thermoplasticized gutta-percha and iRoot SP + single gutta-percha cone for apical sealing.
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Objective To summarize the technology and progress of the preparation of human renal hyaline specimen.Methods Male adult kidney specimens not exceeding 24 hours after death were prepared by filling,fixation,bleaching,dehydration and transparent proce-dure.Results The human body transparent kidney specimen can clearly show the renal segment,renal arterial vein,number of branches and the course,and it can insure that there was no damage and changes in the kidney column,renal vertebra,renal papilla and other structures. Conclusion The improved method of production technology of kidney transparent specimens can be used to clearly demonstrate the course of renal artery venous blood vessels and boundary between renal segments on the basis of preserving the overall shape of the kidney.
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Objective To compare the effects and medical cost of 2 kinds of transparent dressings on the central venous catheter maintenance. Methods Selecting 75 patients with single lumen central venous catheter in the Geriatrics and ICU of the Tertiary Hospital during April to June 2017,according to the number of puncture, 38 cases (odd numbers)with bordered transparent dressings were selected as the experimental group, and 37 cases (even numbers) with transparent dressings were selected as control group. The dressings were changed weekly,and will be changed if there's rolling edge, dermatitis, seepage and wet. Unplanned tube drawing after 28 days, adverse reaction in the site of puncture, unwell fixed condition of dressings and the related medical costs was evaluated.Results The incidence rate of loosing dressings and dermatitisin the experimental group is significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The direct cost,indirect cost and total cost in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Bordered transparent dressings can promote the effect of tube fixing and decrease nursing manpower cost and medical cost in central venous catheter maintenance,which can be popularized in clinics.
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Objective To investigate the effect of modified perianal dressing on incontinence dermatitis in patients caused by pseudo-diarrhea in neurology department. Methods 100 patients with moderate and severe incontinence-associated dermatitis caused by pseudo-diarrhea in our hospital were included in the study.The patients were divided into observation group (n=50)and control group(n=50).The former group was treated with modified Conwhier hydrocolloid transparent paste directly applied after cutting. The effective rate of treatment for 3 days was observed in both groups. Result The observation group was superior to the control group in the effective rate of treatment for 3 days (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified Kanghuier hydrocolloid transparent sticking is effective in the treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis caused by pseudo-diarrhea. It is worthy of clinical application and popularization.
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Objective To investigate and compare the effect of two kinds of transparent dressings in the use of fixed intravenous indwelling needle in restless patients in emergency first aid. Methods A total of 160 restless patients who were required to use intravenous indwelling needle were randomly divided into conventional dressing group and 3M dressing group by random digits table method, 80 patients in each group. The medical transparent dressings(Specification:6 cm × 7 cm) were used for the patients of conventional dressing group, and 3M dressings(Specification:6.5 cm×7.0 cm ) for 3M dressing group. The fixity time, number of cases intravenous indwelling needle detached, replaced time of transparent dressing, number of crimping cases were compared. Results For the conventional dressing group, fixity time was (19.67 ± 7.02) h, replaced time was (18.92 ± 6.58) h, 15 detached cases and 24 crimping cases happened. While for the 3M dressing group, fixity time was (41.64±17.79) h, replaced time was (41.11 ± 17.76) h, 4 detached cases and 7 crimping cases happened. The difference was statistically significant(t=-10.27,χ2=7.23, t=-10.48,χ2=11.56, all P<0.05). Conclusions 3M transparent dressing is suggested in fixing intravenous indwelling needle in restless patient in emergency first aid. It can ensure the use of intravenous indwelling needle during the period, effectively prevents the needle from detaching due to its good fixation effect.
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Objective To evaluate the effects on catheter related blood stream infection by different dressing frequency of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)with neonates. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from databases, Data were searched about the transparent dressing replacement frequency for neonatal PICC catheterization. The meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Nine RCTs were included in a total of 1 730 patients. Meta analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of PICC puncture dressing, catheter-related infections (including puncture port infection, catheter-related blood flow infection, catheter bacterial colonization) at every 3, 5, and 7 days (P> 0.05). Conclusion the dressing of PICC catheter are replaced will not increase the incidence of catheter-related infections within 7 days, throughout the more appropriate frequency of dressing replacement is once every 7 days.
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Objective@#To explore the practice and effect of transparent supervision in the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO).@*Methods@#Transparent supervision was introduced to intervene into the MDRO management of monitored departments. Such transparent supervision was aided by IT means, and transparent MDRO control indexes. These indexes included hand hygiene compliance rate, qualification rate of ATP detection of environmental object surface, implementation rate of main MDRO prevention and control measures, MDRO resistance rate, and nosocomial infection incidence. The data before and after the intervention were compared by Chi square test to evaluation the effect.@*Results@#After intervention, the hand hygiene compliance rate increased from 49.83% to 65.61% (χ2=47.389, P<0.001), and the qualification rate of ATP detection of environmental object surface increased from 48.50% to 83.33% (χ2=96.115, P<0.001). Meanwhile, such indexes as prescription of patient isolation, placement of isolation identifiers and that of specialized bedside equipments increased significantly(P<0.001). The MDRO detection rate decreased from 75.08% to 63.31% (χ2=28.123, P<0.001), and the incidence of nosocomial infection decreased from 4.77% to 3.47%(χ2=20.303, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The practice of transparent supervision could reduce the risk of MDRO transmission at hospitals effectively, proving its importance in ensuring medical quality and patient safety.
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OBJECTIVES@#To establish an experimental method for evaluating material permeability of type I collagen hydrogels.@*METHODS@#Using BSA-FITC as an indicator, by combining BSA-FITC with PBS they were used as permeability media, and using transwell load hydrogen sample to detect BSA-FITC transparent rate.@*RESULTS@#In the concentration range of 100 μg·mL~0.781 μg·mL, the standard curve ≥ 0.99, Lower Limit of Quantity (LLOQ) is 3.125 μg·mL, RSD <5%, detection recovery rate is in the range of 80%~120%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this study, we established an experimental method for evaluating material permeability of hydrogel. The BSA-FITC transparent rate of type I collagen hydrogel was 100% at 28 h.
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Collagen Type I , Chemistry , Hydrogels , Chemistry , Materials Testing , PermeabilityABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of two different methods of fixed temporary pacemaker electrode. Methods Fromn April 2015 to December 80 temporary pacemaker patients were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and the experimental group (n = 40), the control group using gauze cloth tape cross method combined with the traditional fixed, the experimental group was treated with 3M type of comfortable and stable transparent dressing+3M pressure fixing belt fixed, to compare two groups in the skin lesions, electrode dislocation, inflammatory reaction, the switching frequency difference. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in general data (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the cost of dressing and materials、electrode dislocation (P>0.05), experimental group of the switching frequency is lower than the control group (Z=-2.064, P<0.05), the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions 3M comfortable type solid transparent sticking and 3M pressurized fixed band method in the absence of increased medical costs while ensuring medical safety, save the manpower cost.
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Objective To compare two different methods to detect the differences of gene mutation rate, sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) so as to assess the clinical value of qRT-PCR method and its environmental-friendly technologyplatforms.One uses environmental fixative poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ (volume fraction) neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in application of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The other uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.Methods We selected 91 cases of primary NSCLC specimens resected between May 2013 and March 2016 in Zhongshan Bo`ai Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Five samples were taken from the same tumor lesion.We used a random number table to randomly divide these samples into Groups A, B , C, D, and E.Group A received direct sequencing method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.Besides, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group B received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.Meanwhile, during the experiment, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group C received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.At the same time, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and xylene transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group D received qRT-PCR method to detect EGFR gene mutations.In the meantime, 4％ neutral buffered formalin was used for fixing, Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.Group E received qRT-PCR method in detection of EGFR gene mutations.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.In addition, during the experiment, polyhydroxy acrylic acid was used for fixing, and Van-clear transparent dewaxing was used to make slices for DNA extraction dewaxing.The mutations of Exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 in EGFR genes were respectively determined in the five groups of NSCLC.Results ① Groups B, C, D, E and A did not significantly differ in the percentage of people with mutations or target site mutation rates of EGFR genes in NSCLC (P> 0.05).② The detection results of EGFR target site mutation in Groups B, C, D, E and A had good sensitivity, strong specificity, and high compliance rate.Conclusion The green transparent liquid dewaxing Van-clear alone or in combination to replace the traditional fixative 4％ neutral buffered formalin and the traditional transparent dewaxing liquid xylene in the application of qRT-PCR so as to detect EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC has good consistent results compared with the method that uses traditional reagents in direct sequencing.It has the significance and value in clinical application.
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Objective To observe and explore the effects of transparent cap-fitted colonoscope combined with carbon dioxide injection on the cecal intubation time and detection of colonic polyps during enteroscopy. Methods 216 patients underwent colonoscopy from January 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into A, B, C groups according to random number table, 72 cases in each. Group A with transparent cap-fitted colonoscopy, group B with CO2 injection before colonoscopy, and group C combined with the above two methods and then underwent colonoscopy, cecal intubation time and colonic polyp detection rate were compared among the three groups during the inspection. Results A, B, C groups with cecal intubation ratio showed no significant differences (95.8% vs 90.3% vs 98.6%) (χ2 = 5.34, P = 0.069); the sequence of mean cecal intubation time was group Cgroup A>group B (38.9% vs 34.7% vs 23.6%) (χ2 = 4.10, P = 0.129). The sequences of visual analogue scale score after 10 min [(4.35 ± 0.62) vs (4.88 ± 0.85) vs (5.57 ± 1.05)] and 30 min [(3.04 ± 0.37) vs (3.30 ± 0.56) vs (4.41 ± 0.84)] of coloscope withdraw were both group C
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Proximal transparent cap of endoscope has an important effect in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, including endoscopic submucosal tumor ligation, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic removal of foreign body, endoscopic variceal ligation and sclerotherapy, endoscopic submucosal dissection, peroral endoscopic myotomy, endoscopic submucosal dissection through tunnel.This article reviewed the effect of different transparent caps in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.