Medida do equilíbrio de decisões para redução do peso corporal entre pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade: uma revisão sistemática / Measuring the balance of decisions to reduce body weight among overweight or obesity people: a systematic review

Abordagens comportamentais têm contribuído para a efetividade do tratamento da obesidade. A avaliação do equilíbrio de decisões (ED) para redução de peso, isto é, o equilíbrio entre prós e contras da mudança de comportamento, é estratégica no tratamento, contribuindo para a pactuação de estratégias para o enfrentamento dos desafios. É necessário, porém, utilizar instrumentos válidos para mensurar o ED. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de instrumentos de avaliação do ED para redução do peso corporal visando qualificar o cuidado da pessoa com obesidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o desenvolvimento e a validação de instrumentos em sete bases de dados seguindo a metodologia Cosmin. Variações dos termos psicometria, obesidade e ED foram combinadas com operadores booleanos. Em duplicada e independentemente, duas pesquisadoras realizaram: extração de dados, avaliação da qualidade e síntese de evidências, sendo as divergências solucionadas por consenso. Esta revisão foi registrada na base internacional Prospero (CRD42020197797). Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco estudos, sendo que três realizaram a tradução e adaptação transcultural do mesmo instrumento. Todos os estudos apresentaram ED em duas dimensões (prós e contras), mas usaram métodos duvidosos ou inadequados, e a maioria apresentou evidências científicas de muito baixa qualidade. Conclusões: Os resultados não sustentaram o uso dos instrumentos existentes nem sua tradução e adaptação transcultural, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento. Este estudo, ao disponibilizar um instrumento válido para uso no SUS, poderá contribuir para qualificar o cuidado da pessoa com obesidade e deter o crescimento da obesidade no país.

Introduction: Behavioral strategies have been adding to the effectiveness of obesity treatment. And the assessment of the decisional balance (DB) for weight reduction, that is, the balance between expected losses and gains around the behavioral changes, is strategic for managing obesity. The DB assessment may contribute to the agreement on strategies to face the challenges of the treatment. But, there is a need to use a valid instrument to assess the DB. Objective: evaluate the quality of instruments assessing DB for weight reduction to qualify obesity management in the Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS (Unified Health System). Methods: A systematic review of studies about instrument development and/or validation was carried out on seven databases using the Cosmin methodology. Terms related to psychometrics, obesity, and DB were combined with Boolean operators to guide the search. Two researchers performed independently and in duplicate: data extraction, quality assessment, and evidence synthesis, and divergences were resolved by consensus. This review was registered in the international database Prospero (CRD42020197797). Results: Five studies were identified. Three of them reported translations and cross-cultural validity of the same instrument. All analyses presented DB in two dimensions (pros and cons, but used doubtful or inadequate methods. Most of the evidence was very low rate. Conclusions: The results did not support the instrument's use, translations, or cross-cultural adaptation. It is necessary to develop a new tool. By providing a valid instrument for use in SUS, this study could contribute to qualifying the care of people with obesity and stopping the growth of obesity in the country.

Medida do equilíbrio de decisões para redução do peso corporal entre pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade: uma revisão sistemática / Measuring the balance of decisions to reduce body weight among overweight or obesity people: a systematic review

Introdução: Abordagens comportamentais têm contribuído para a efetividade do tratamento da obesidade. A avaliação do equilíbrio de decisões (ED) para redução de peso, isto é, o equilíbrio entre prós e contras da mudança de comportamento, é estratégica no tratamento, contribuindo para a pactuação de estratégias para o enfrentamento dos desafios. É necessário, porém, utilizar instrumentos válidos para mensurar o ED. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de instrumentos de avaliação do ED para redução do peso corporal visando qualificar o cuidado da pessoa com obesidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o desenvolvimento e a validação de instrumentos em sete bases de dados seguindo a metodologia Cosmin. Variações dos termos psicometria, obesidade e ED foram combinadas com operadores booleanos. Em duplicada e independentemente, duas pesquisadoras realizaram: extração de dados, avaliação da qualidade e síntese de evidências, sendo as divergências solucionadas por consenso. Esta revisão foi registrada na base internacional Prospero (CRD42020197797). Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco estudos, sendo que três realizaram a tradução e adaptação transcultural do mesmo instrumento. Todos os estudos apresentaram ED em duas dimensões (prós e contras), mas usaram métodos duvidosos ou inadequados, e a maioria apresentou evidências científicas de muito baixa qualidade. Conclusões: Os resultados não sustentaram o uso dos instrumentos existentes nem sua tradução e adaptação transcultural, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento. Este estudo, ao disponibilizar um instrumento válido para uso no SUS, poderá contribuir para qualificar o cuidado da pessoa com obesidade e deter o crescimento da obesidade no país.

Introduction: Behavioral strategies have been adding to the effectiveness of obesity treatment. And the assessment of the decisional balance (DB) for weight reduction, that is, the balance between expected losses and gains around the behavioral changes, is strategic for managing obesity. The DB assessment may contribute to the agreement on strategies to face the challenges of the treatment. But, there is a need to use a valid instrument to assess the DB. Objective: evaluate the quality of instruments assessing DB for weight reduction to qualify obesity management in the Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS (Unified Health System). Methods: A systematic review of studies about instrument development and/or validation was carried out on seven databases using the Cosmin methodology. Terms related to psychometrics, obesity, and DB were combined with Boolean operators to guide the search. Two researchers performed independently and in duplicate: data extraction, quality assessment, and evidence synthesis, and divergences were resolved by consensus. This review was registered in the international database Prospero (CRD42020197797). Results: Five studies were identified. Three of them reported translations and cross-cultural validity of the same instrument. All analyses presented DB in two dimensions (pros and cons, but used doubtful or inadequate methods. Most of the evidence was very low rate. Conclusions:The results did not support the instrument's use, translations, or cross-cultural adaptation. It is necessary to develop a new tool. By providing a valid instrument for use in SUS, this study could contribute to qualifying the care of people with obesity and stopping the growth of obesity in the country.

Influencia del modelo social, actividad físico-deportiva y salud en alumnos de secundaria

Introducción: La inactividad física en adolescentes es uno de los problemas actuales que ha cobrado relevancia, debido a que investigaciones proyectan hábitos de vida no saludables en la adultez. Es por ello, que instancias públicas y privadas buscan romper con esta mala práctica. Esto estimula a investigar sobre los actores que interactúan de forma continua con los adolescentes, de tal manera que los motive a entrar a un entorno que promueva la realización de actividades físicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los modelos sociales que influyen en la realización de actividades físicas y en la salud de los estudiantes del nivel secundario en República Dominicana. Métodos: El estudio fue realizado en base a un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal mediante encuesta, empleando el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, debido a la disponibilidad mostrada por la población objeto de estudio al llenado del instrumento. La población estuvo integrada por 777 estudiantes, quienes brindaron las informaciones relativas al índice de actividad física y modelos sociales que influyen a su práctica. En la investigación se utilizó Cuestionario Internacional sobre el Estilo de Vida del Alumnado. Resultados: Los datos alcanzados muestran altos niveles de sedentarismo sobrepasando el 83 % en ambos sexos, con mayor presencia en las mujeres. En lo concerniente a los modelos sociales que tributan a la práctica de actividad física, se reafirman los padres y las amistades como los más influyentes. Conclusiones: Existen altos niveles de sedentarismo chicos y chicas adolescentes contrastado con la influencia positiva que reciben de padres y amigos para la realización de actividad física, lo cual puede ser utilizado con el objetivo de crear proyectos que incentiven la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva y contribuyan a la prevención de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

Introduction : Physical inactivity in adolescents is one of the current problems that has gained relevance, due to the fact that research projects unhealthy lifestyle habits in adulthood in this age group. For this reason, public and private instances seek to break this bad practice. The aforementioned, stimulates research on the actors that interact continuously with adolescents, in such a way that motivates them to enter an environment that promotes physical activities. Objective: To evaluate the impact of social models that influence the performance of physical activities and the health of secondary school students in the Dominican Republic. Methods: The present study was carried out based on a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative approach by means of a survey, using non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, due to the availability shown by the population under study when filling out the instrument. The population consisted of 777 students, who provided information on the rate of physical activity and social models that influence its practice. The International Student Lifestyle Questionnaire was used in the research. Results: The data obtained show high levels of sedentary lifestyles, exceeding 83% in both sexes, with a greater presence in women. Regarding the social models that contribute to the practice of physical activity, parents and friends are reaffirmed as the most influential. Conclusions: There are high levels of sedentary adolescent boys and girls contrasted with the positive influence they receive from parents and friends for the practice of physical activity, which can be used with the aim of creating projects that encourage the practice of physical-sports activities and contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases.

Transitando desde las fases de cambio de comportamiento hacia el automanejo de personas con condiciones crónicas / Transiting from phases of behavior change to the self-management of people with chronic conditions

Introducción: A nivel mundial existe una constante preocupación debido a que cada día proliferan más personas con enfermedades crónicas. Para su abordaje, se han propuesto una serie de medidas que enfatizan el rol preponderante que tiene la persona en el logro del automanejo de su salud y enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reflexionar acerca de elementos que favorecen el avance desde las etapas de cambio hacia el automanejo de personas con condiciones crónicas. Desarrollo: Para lograr el automanejo, resulta trascendental considerar en la atención a la persona con enfermedades crónicas, entre otros aspectos, el proceso de cambio de comportamiento y el grado de autoeficacia percibida. Asimismo, el personal profesional de la atención primaria de salud y enfermería requieren desarrollar habilidades específicas y de alta idoneidad para una atención integral, oportuna y continuada. Todos estos aspectos se interrelacionan para converger juntos en un plan de atención de salud colaborativo, consensuado y centrado en la persona. Conclusión: Para favorecer el avance del automanejo existen elementos tanto de la persona con enfermedad crónica como de la profesional que se articulan. Entre estas personas se dan relaciones de bidireccionalidad, que han de ser vistas como un proceso funcional continuo y no como elementos discretos en el cuidado en salud.

Introdução: Em todo o mundo existe uma preocupação constante, pois a cada dia proliferam mais pessoas com doenças crônicas. Para sua abordagem, foi proposta uma série de medidas que enfatizam o papel preponderante que a pessoa tem na realização do autogerenciamento de sua saúde e doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi refletir sobre elementos que favorecem a passagem das etapas de mudança para a autogestão de pessoas com condições crônicas. Desenvolvimento: A fim de alcançar a autogestão, é crucial considerar, entre outros aspectos, o processo de mudança de comportamento e o grau de auto-eficácia percebido no cuidado da pessoa cronicamente doente. Do mesmo modo, os profissionais de cuidados de saúde primários e de enfermagem precisam desenvolver competências específicas e altamente qualificadas para cuidados abrangentes, atempados e contínuos. Todos estes aspectos se inter-relacionam para convergir em um plano de cuidados de saúde colaborativo, consensual e centrado na pessoa. Conclusão: Para favorecer o avanço da autogestão, há elementos tanto da pessoa quanto do profissional que se articulam, existindo relações bidirecionais entre eles, que devem ser vistos como um processo funcional contínuo e não como elementos discretos no cuidado à saúde.

Introduction: There is worldwide constant concern because of the increasing number of people with chronic diseases every day. When it comes to approaching this situation, a series of measures have been proposed to emphasize the preponderant role that the people have has in achieving the self-management of their health and disease. The objective of this work was to reflect on the elements that favor progress from the stages of change towards self-management in people with chronic conditions. Development: To achieve self-management, it is essential to consider - among other aspects - the process of behavioral change and the degree of perceived self-efficacy in the care of chronically ill people. Likewise, primary healthcare and nursing professionals need to develop specific and highly suitable skills for comprehensive, timely, and continuous care. All these aspects interrelate to converge together in a collaborative, consensual, and person-centered healthcare plan. Conclusion: To favor the advancement of self-management, there are elements that both the person and the professional need to articulate, for instance, the existing bidirectional relationships between them must be seen as a continuous functional process and not as discrete elements in healthcare.

Mammography Stages Adoption and Health Beliefs in Mexican Women / Etapas de Cambio en el Uso de la Mamografía y Creencias de Salud en Mujeres Mexicanas

Abstract Objective. To identify associations between sociodemographic variables and stages of change and evaluate differences between health belief model variables and these stages. Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 612 women aged 40 years and older admitted to a public hospital in the Northeast of Mexico. The participants answered the health belief model scale and selected the statement that best reflected their experience with mammography screening. The association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the mammography stages of change was assessed using X2, and the groups of stages of change were compared using one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests. Results. There was a significant association between age and the stages of action and maintenance. Breast cancer screening methods such as breast self-examination and clinical breast examination were more common among women in the stages of maintenance and relapse. There were differences between pre-contemplation and the more advanced stages in all dimensions except in the perceived seriousness p <.001. Self-efficacy and health motivation were different among women at the stage of contemplation, maintenance, and relapse. Conclusions. Perceived self-efficacy and health motivation may increase adherence to mammography screening.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y las etapas de cambio para el uso de la mamografía y evaluar si existen diferencias entre las dimensiones del modelo de creencias en salud y las etapas de cambio. El diseño de este estudio es transversal descriptivo, se realizó de enero de 2017 a enero de 2018, incluyó a 612 mujeres de 40 años en adelante que asistían a un hospital de atención terciaria en el noreste de México. Las participantes firmaron el consentimiento informado y respondieron a la escala del modelo de creencias en salud y seleccionaron la declaración que mejor reflejaba su experiencia con la mamografía. La asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y las etapas de cambio de la mamografía se evaluó mediante X2, y los grupos de etapas de cambio se compararon mediante pruebas post hoc de ANOVA unidireccional y Games-Howell. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la edad y las etapas de cambio de acción y mantenimiento. Los métodos de detección del cáncer de mama, como la autoexploración de mama y el examen clínico de mama, fueron más comunes entre las mujeres en las etapas de mantenimiento y recaída. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre las etapas de pre-contemplación y las etapas más avanzadas en todas las dimensiones de creencias de salud, excepto en la seriedad percibida p <.001. La autoeficacia y la motivación para la salud fueron diferentes entre las mujeres en la etapa de contemplación, mantenimiento y recaída. La identificación de las etapas de cambio para la adopción de mamografías puede ayudar a desarrollar e implementar estrategias de intervención más efectivas. Además, la autoeficacia percibida y la motivación para la salud pueden aumentar la adherencia a la mamografía como método de detección del cáncer de mama.

Association between stages of change regarding weight reduction in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: There is very low-quality evidence that the transtheoretical stages of change model combined with physical activity or diet, or both, can result in significant improvements in dietary and physical activity habits. Objective: To evaluate the association between stages of change on weight reduction, after a nutritional intervention, in patients with cardiovascular risk. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, patients >18 years old with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and at least two cardiovascular risk factors were distributed to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received, according to stage of change, a multidisciplinary intervention formed by a nutritionist, a psychologist, a chef and a physiotherapist to improve healthy eating, while the control group was given a nutritional prescription. Stage of change from the transtheoretical model, anthropometric variables, physical activity, and 24-hour recall of food intake were measured at baseline and 12 months postintervention. The main outcomes were change in weight, waist and hip circumferences. Results: We included 188 subjects (intervention group= 93, control group= 95), where 75% were female, 68.6% had obesity, and mean age 50.3±13. After 12-months, subjects in the intervention group that were ready to change showed a greater decrease in weight and energy intake, with differences between ready to change vs not ready to change subjects and an interaction between intervention group and ready to change. Conclusions: An intervention with a multidisciplinary team can be as effective as the current standard of care in promoting weight loss when taking into account baseline stage of change.

RESUMEN Introducción: existe poca evidencia sobre el efecto de la etapa de cambio del modelo transteórico en conjunto con actividad física, dieta, o ambas, en los hábitos dietéticos y de actividad física. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención nutricional y la etapa de cambio inicial sobre la reducción de peso después de una intervención nutricional en pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado. Pacientes >18 años con índice de masa corporal ≥25 kg/m2 y al menos 2 factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron asignados a: grupo intervención o grupo control. El grupo de intervención recibió de acuerdo a la etapa de cambio una intervención multidisciplinaria formada por: nutricionista, psicólogo, chef y fisioterapeuta, mientras que el grupo control solo recibió prescripción nutricional habitual. Se evaluaron al inicio del estudio y 12 meses después de la intervención: etapa de cambio del modelo transteórico, variables antropométricas, actividad física y recordatorio de 24 horas. Resultados: se incluyeron 188 sujetos (grupo intervención 93, grupo control 95), 75% eran mujeres, 68,6% tenían obesidad, con promedio de 50.3±13. Después de 12 meses, los sujetos en el grupo de intervención que estaban listos para el cambio, mostraron una mayor disminución en el peso y en el consumo calórico, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la interacción grupo y etapa de cambio. Conclusiones: Una intervención con un equipo multidisciplinario puede ser tan eficaz como el tratamiento habitual para promover la pérdida de peso cuando se tiene en cuenta la etapa de cambio basal.

Intervention Protocol Based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change for Metabolic Syndrome / Protocolo de Intervenção Baseada no Modelo Transteórico de Mudança de Comportamento para Síndrome Metabólica

Abstract The present study is the translation and adaptation of an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change directed to patients at cardiovascular risk. The original 29-session manual was translated into Portuguese, extended to 36 sessions, and applied in a pilot study. The protocol was reduced to 12 sessions through the grouping based on the processes of change. The products of the present study were the processes in each behavior, the versatility of the protocol, the interdisciplinary work, the great cost-benefit, and the potential of effectiveness. Finally, the importance of consistent training in Motivational Interview, Transtheoretical Model and group management for proper use are highlighted, and the costs and benefits of protocols versus more flexible treatments are discussed.

Resumo Trata-se da tradução e adaptação de uma intervenção baseada no Modelo Transteórico de Mudança e direcionada para pacientes com risco cardiovascular. Inicialmente, o manual original com 29 sessões foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa, sendo ampliado para 36 sessões, e posteriormente aplicado em um estudo piloto. A partir de agrupamentos pelos processos de mudança, foi reduzido para 12 sessões. Evidencia-se como produtos deste trabalho o aprofundamento dos processos em cada comportamento, a versatilidade do protocolo, o trabalho interdisciplinar, o ótimo custo-benefício e o potencial de efetividade. Por fim, salienta-se a importância de um treinamento consistente em Entrevista Motivacional, Modelo Transteórico e manejo de grupos para sua utilização adequada, e discute-se os custos e os benefícios dos protocolos versus tratamentos mais flexíveis.

Monitoring And Support For Weight Loss And Maintenance

@#It is well-established that physical activity is an essential component of weight management programs. This article aims to provide a practical guide to physical activity counselling for weight management. An overview of current physical activity guidelines, a stage-based intervention framework, and strategies for monitoring physical activity levels will be presented.

Examination Of Characteristics Of Diabetic Patients Requiring Frequent Exercise Intervention Based On The Transtheoretical Model

Background: Frequent intervention has been strongly recommended for diabetic patients undergoing exercise therapy. However, high-frequency interventions for all patients are inefficient. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of groups divided based on changes in exercise behaviors. Methods: The participants comprised 42 diabetic patients who completed a two-week program to improve their glycemic control and receive diabetes education. Their change in exercise behavior, self-efficacy of exercise, and diabetes and social statuses were collected at the time of discharge and 12 and 24 weeks after discharge. Based on such data, the participants were divided into five groups: (1) the IW12 group whose exercise habits were interrupted within 12 weeks; (2) the IW24 group whose exercise habits were interrupted within 24 weeks; (3) the CO24 group who continued exercising after 24 weeks; (4) the Action group that actively exercised at the time of discharge; and (5) the Maintenance group that maintained same level of exercise at the time of discharge. Results: The total score of self-efficacy of exercise at the time of discharge was 13.7 ± 2.1 (the IW12 group), 11.3 ± 2.5 (the IW24 group), 16.2 ± 3.2 (the CO24 group), 16.7 ± 3.1 (the Action group), and 15.9 ± 2.3 (the Maintenance group). The scores for the IW24 group were significantly lower compared with the Action and Maintenance Patients groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that intervention should be performed frequently, especially in a diabetic patient who is the preparation stage under low self-efficacy of exercise.

Enabling factors for behavior change among people with alcohol dependency: An exploratory study in a mental health-care facility

Background: Alcohol dependence has become a major public health problem with many implications on the lives of dependents and their families. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to ascertain the enabling factors to seek medical help and continue behavior change among alcohol dependents and to assess the perceptions of health-care providers regarding treatment-seeking behavior of alcohol dependents. Methods: The present study deployed the transtheoretical model (TTM) as a theoretical framework for analyzing the enabling factors to seek medical help and continue behavior change among alcohol dependents and to understand the perceptions of health-care providers dealing with alcohol dependents at a tertiary care psychiatry hospital in Guntur of Andhra Pradesh. In-depth interviews and desk review of hospital records were done. Respondents included treatment-seeking individuals for alcohol detoxification (action phase), patients attending follow-ups (maintenance phase), and mental health professionals at the study site. The study was conducted during August and September 2017. Qualitative analysis using thematic framework and MS EXCEL for quantitative data was used. Results: Themes and subthemes emerging out of analysis were fitted in stages of TTM of behavior change. In the process of behavior change, there were key supportive elements such as problem awareness (precontemplation), availability and accessibility of services (contemplation), appropriate treatment modality (action), and alcohol anonymous groups (maintenance), which sustained the progress of change and yielded effective outcomes. Conclusions: Alcoholism needs to be addressed holistically rather than focusing only on biological treatment.

A cluster randomised controlled trial on effectiveness of carbon monoxide measurement feedback among college smoker : A study protocol

@#For the last 30 years, tobacco smoking has continued to be the leading cause of premature deaths in Malaysia. Majority of the smokers in Malaysia are at the precontemplation and contemplation stages. Therefore, for the purpose of increasing smoking cessation among this group, the strategies that motivate them to quit smoking have to be reviewed.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay-Language Transtheoretical Model of Physical Activity among Malaysian Primary School Children

@#Introduction: The transtheoretical model (TTM) is an integrative model of intentional change consisting of stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy. This study aimed at validating the TTM questionnaires on physical activity for Malaysian children using confirmatory factor analysis. Methods: The participants were 381 Malay students (188 male; 193 female), aged 10–12 years old, with a mean age of 10.94 (SD = 0.81). The original version of the TTM was translated into the Malay language using forward and backward translation. Certain phrases were adapted based on the local culture and vocabulary suitable for primary school students. Results: The final measurement models and their fit indices were: processes of change (CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.925, SRMR = 0.040, RMSEA = 0.030); decisional balance (CFI = 0.897, TLI = 0.864, SRMR = 0.045, RMSEA = 0.038); and self-efficacy (CFI = 0.934, TLI = 0.915, SRMR = 0.042, RMSEA = 0.032). Conclusion: Care must be taken when using the TTM with children, as it has been prevalently validated with adults. The final version of the TTM questionnaire for Malay primary school children had 24 items for process of changes, 13 items for self-efficacy and 10 items for decisional balance.

Application of nursing intervention based on transtheoretical model and stages of change in breastfeeding for primiparas / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on the transtheoretical model and stages of change on breastfeeding knowledge, self-efficacy, and duration of breastfeeding in newly born pregnant women, aimed to provide reference for breastfeeding behavior health education model for pregnant women. Methods The 130 primiparas who came to the hospital graded a class- three of Shanxi Province for perinatal examination were selected as the research subjects from May to June in 2017 , they were divided into test group and control group by random digits table method. In the control group, the normal breastfeeding health guidance was carried out in the three stages of prenatal, hospitalized and after discharge. The test group divided the primipara from the beginning of pregnancy to 6th months postpartum period into 5 stages according to transtheoretical model and stages of change. The new strategy of breastfeeding should be formulated and implemented according to different stages and behavior changing processes. Results The total score of breastfeeding knowledge of primipara were (8.76±1.14), (8.92±1.21), (9.90±1.27), (9.94±1.29) points in control group before intervention, the 3rd day, the 42nd day and the 6th month after delivery, and they were (9.11 ± 1.42), (12.02 ± 1.64), (13.04 ± 1.67), (15.00±1.83) points respectively in test group, the differences were statistically significant(Ftime= 51.823, Fgroup=10.406, Finteractive=56.641, all P < 0.05). The total scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy of primipara were (84.62 ± 1.14), (88.96 ± 1.41), (86.65 ± 1.47), (84.31 ± 1.57) points respectively in control group before intervention, the 3rd day, the 42nd day and the 6th month after delivery, while in test group they were (84.98 ± 1.20), (104.02 ± 1.42), (111.00 ± 1.45), (120.04 ± 1.40) points, the differences were statistically significan (Ftime=12.592, Fgroup=229.674, Finteractive=79.955, all P<0.05). The pure breastfeeding rates of primipara were 60.0％(33/55) , 41.8％(23/55), 21.8％(12/55) in control group on the 3rd day, the 42nd day and the 6th month after delivery, they were 84.7％(50/59), 76.3％(45/59) , 49.2％(29/59) in the test group. The differences was statistically significant (χ2=8.804, 14.038, 9.235, all P <0.01). Conclusion Breastfeeding intervention based on the theory of behavioral staged transition can help primipara to improve breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy, and improve breastfeeding status.

The study of college students’ physical exercise behavior phase and process of change based on the Transtheoretical model / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the stage characteristics in the exercise behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of Process in the exercise behavior change based on the transtheoretical model, providing basis for the stage-matched intervention for the exercise behavior of college students. Methods There were 932 students who completed the questionnaires, from 5 universities in Shanxi Province were selected by using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the exercise behavior of college students. Variance analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the difference of the process of with stage of change among college students’ physical exercise. Multivariate variance analysis was used to analyze how personal characteristics affect process of change. Results Among all participants, 89.4% students knew the importance of physical exercise, and 29.4% students were satisfied with their physical exercise condition. The distribution of students’ physical exercise stage showed an inverted U-shape with left-side peak, and there was a significant difference between gender( 2=54.657, P<0.001). There were significant stage characteristics in the process of students' exercise behavior, gender had a significant main effects on mutual aid relation(F=7.400, P=0.07)and conscious control (F=7.778, P=0.005), gender and grade had interaction effects on social release (F=3.614, P=0.013). Conclusions The college students' exercise behavior showed the characteristics of “knowing but not to do”, which conformed to the Transtheoretical model. It is essential to develop targeted phased exercise intervention strategies according to the relationship between change of phase and change of procedure.

An intervention based on the stages of change, health profiles and physical activity levels of overweight and obese adults in Sarawak, Malaysia – a feasibility study

@#Introduction: Physical inactivity is the one of the leading causes of major non-communicable diseases in the world. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of an intervention program based on the stages of change, physical activity levels and health profiles of selected overweight and obese adults in Sarawak. Methods: This intervention study was carried out using selected overweight and obese adults in Sarawak. A total of 75 participants were placed in the intervention group, and 80 respondents were placed in the control group participated. Respondent-determined weekly aerobic exercise sessions were conducted for six months. The Malay version of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Transtheoretical model of change (TTM) questionnaire were used, together with anthropometric measurements and the collection of venous fasting blood profiles. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The intervention group had significant better stage transitions compared to the control group (p<0.01). They also had significantly lower total cholesterol, although both groups showed significant results (difference= 0.53, p<0.01; difference= 0.38, p=0.01). The respondent-determined intervention program was effective in improving stage transition; however, an intervention of longer duration could provide more conclusive health outcomes. Conclusion: Physical activity plays a role in assisting overweight and obese adults to be more active and healthier.

Locus de Control y Morosidad como Predictores del Ejercicio Físico-Deportivo en Estudiantes Universitarios / Locus of Control and Procrastination as Predictors of Physical-Sports Exercise in University Students / Lócus de Controle e Morosidade como Preditores do Exercício Físico-Esportivo em Estudantes Universitários

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los efectos del locus de control y la morosidad sobre el ejercicio físico-deportivo en universitarios. Con las respuestas de una muestra no probabilística de 171 estudiantes, se construyeron, por análisis factorial confirmatorio, un modelo de locus de control y otro de morosidad. Adicionalmente, se probó un modelo de ejercicio físico-deportivo, a partir del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, donde la morosidad afecta negativamente la práctica de ejercicio físico, los tres modelos poseen índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. El estudiantado se ubicó en la etapa de preparación según el modelo transteórico de cambio de comportamiento (MTT). La conducta morosa explica 26% de la varianza del ejercicio físico.

Abstract The objective of this research project was to determine the effects of locus of control and procrastination on physical-sports exercise in university students. The answers from a non-probabilistic sample of 171 students were used to build both a locus of control and a procrastination model, through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, a physical-sports exercise model was tested on the basis of the analysis of structural equations, in which procrastination negatively affects the practice of physical exercise. The three models feature adequate goodness of fit indexes. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM), the students were at the preparation stage. Procrastination behavior accounts for 26% of the variance in physical exercise.

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os efeitos do locus de controle e da morosidade sobre o exercício físico-esportivo em universitários. Com as respostas de uma amostra não probabilística de 171 estudantes, foram construídos, por análise fatorial confirmatória, um modelo de lócus de controle e outro de morosidade. Adicionalmente, um modelo de exercício físico-esportivo foi testado, a partir da análise de equações estruturais, na qual a morosidade afeta negativamente a prática de exercício físico. Os três modelos apresentam índices de bondade de ajuste adequados. Os estudantes se localizaram na etapa de preparação de acordo com o modelo transteórico de mudança comportamental (MTT). A conduta morosa explica 26% da variância do exercício físico.

Validez y fiabilidad de una herramienta para determinar la etapa de cambio de comportamiento en relación al consumo diario de 5 porciones de frutas y hortalizas en adultos / Validity and reliability of a tool to determine the stage of behavior change in relation to the daily consumption of 5 portions of fruits and vegetables in adults

RESUMEN Las frutas y hortalizas son parte fundamental de una alimentación saludable, sin embargo, en Argentina, su consumo ha disminuido notablemente en las últimas décadas. Con motivo de generar estrategias que permitan orientar el proceso de la consejería nutricional se decidió evaluar la validez y la fiabilidad de una herramienta auto-administrada para determinar etapa de cambio de comportamiento en relación al consumo diario de 5 porciones de frutas y hortalizas, basándose en el Modelo Transteórico. El instrumento presenta una moderada estabilidad temporal (coeficiente kappa= 0,48). A su vez, el análisis de comparaciones múltiples determinó diferencias significativas entre las etapas de pre-contemplación y preparación con respecto a las de acción y mantenimiento y de la etapa de contemplación con respecto a la de mantenimiento. Esta herramienta permitirá discriminar a las personas según la etapa en la que se encuentren y así orientar los mensajes y las estrategias de promoción del consumo de frutas y vegetales.

ABSTRACT Fruits and vegetables are a fundamental part of a healthy diet, however, in Argentina, their consumption has decreased significantly in recent decades. In order to generate strategies to guide the process of nutritional counseling, it was decided to evaluate the validity and reliability of a self-administered tool to determine the stage of behavior change, based on the Transheoretical Model, in relation to the daily consumption of 5 portions of fruits and vegetables. The tool showed a moderate temporal stability (kappa coefficient= 0.48) and the analysis of multiple comparisons determined significant differences between the stages of pre-contemplation and preparation with respect to those of action and maintenance. Also between the contemplation stage with respect to maintenance stage. This tool will allow for the classification of people according to the stage in which they find themselves and thus guide messages and strategies to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Escala de estágios de mudança de comportamento em candidatos e usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) / Stages of change scale applied in candidates and new hearing aids users

Para que o indivíduo esteja engajado no uso do Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI), é necessário que esteja motivado no seu processo de reabilitação e o profissional, tendo como ponto de partida a identificação do estágio motivacional do paciente, poderá apoiá-lo ao longo desse processo. Neste estudo foram realizados 2 experimentos distintos. O experimento 1 teve como objetivo caracterizar os perfis estabelecidos pela análise de clusters da Escala de Estágios de Mudança para Deficientes Auditivos (URICA-Audição), com base nos estágios motivacionais para a mudança em pacientes com deficiência auditiva. O experimento 2 teve como objetivo verificar se a URICA-Audição é sensível na identificação dos estágios de mudança em indivíduos submetidos à reabilitação auditiva. No experimento 1, foram analisados 200 protocolos preenchidos por indivíduos candidatos e usuários de AASI, com idade entre 24 e 94 anos, sendo 52 candidatos e 148 usuários de AASI há pelo menos um mês. Foi aplicada a URICA-Audição, composta por 25 itens divididos em cinco subescalas, com cinco itens cada: Pré-contemplação, Contemplação, Preparação, Ação e Manutenção. Para a análise dos resultados, foi realizada a Análise de Cluster Hierárquica por meio do método de centroides. Esta análise resultou em um total de 16 clusters distintos e, na solução encontrada, 167 sujeitos (83,5% da amostra) foram distribuídos em 8 clusters principais que continham mais de 10 participantes cada; 21 sujeitos (10,5% da amostra) se distribuíram em outros 3 clusters menores com 6 a 9 participantes; e 12 sujeitos (6% da amostra) se distribuíram em 5 clusters com 1 a 4 participantes cada. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os perfis dos pacientes subdividem-se em mais do que apenas 4 ou 5 estágios, como que em um continuum e, que a URICA-Audição é uma medida que pode, potencialmente, ser utilizada para avaliar onde os pacientes encontram-se no decorrer do seu processo de reabilitação auditiva. No experimento 2, foi realizado um estudo com avaliação pré e pósintervenção em usuários de AASI. Os participantes participaram em 4 sessões de reabilitação auditiva e responderam questionários avaliativos no início e no final da pesquisa. Os resultados indicaram que houve diferença nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção, no fator Ação/Manutenção da amostra estudada, assim como, na prontidão para a mudança do grupo. Houve correlação significante entre o tempo de uso do AASI na pós-intervenção com o estágio de Ação/Manutenção. Toda a amostra do presente estudo teve progressão nos estágios de mudança após a reabilitação auditiva. Apesar da amostra reduzida, foi possível realizar um estudo de reabilitação auditiva utilizando os preceitos do MTT, no entanto, é necessária a realização de outros estudos visando estabelecer estratégias de aconselhamento em reabilitação auditiva para cada estágio de mudança de comportamento.(AU)

In order for the individual to be engaged in the use of the Hearing Aid (HA), it is necessary that he is motivated in his rehabilitation process and starting with the identification of the patient's motivational stage the professional can support him throughout this process. There were performed two different experiments in this study. Experiment 1 aimed to characterize the profiles established by the clusters analysis of the Stages of Change for the Hearing Impaired Scale (URICA-Hearing) based on the motivational stages for change in patients with hearing impaired. Experiment 2 had as objective to verify if the URICA-Hearing is sensitive in the identification of the stages of change in individuals submitted to auditory rehabilitation. In the Experiment 1, two hundred protocols were filled out by candidates and users of HA, aged between 24 and 94 years, of which 52 were candidates and 148 were users of HA for at least one month. It was applied the URICA-Hearing that is composed of 25 items divided into five subscales, with five items each subscale: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action and Maintenance. For the analysis of the results, the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed by means of the centroid method. This analysis resulted in a total of 16 distinct clusters and, in the solution found, 167 subjects (83.5% of the sample) were distributed in 8 main clusters that contained more than 10 participants each; 21 subjects (10.5% of the sample) were distributed in 3 other smaller clusters with 6 to 9 participants; and 12 subjects (6% of the sample) were distributed in 5 clusters with 1 to 4 participants each. Thus, it was verified that patients' profiles were subdivided into more than 4 or 5 stages, as in a continuum, and that URICA-Hearing is a measure that can potentially be used to assess where the patients are in the course of their auditory rehabilitation process. In Experiment 2, an study with pre and post-intervention evaluation was performed in HA users. Subjects participated in 4 sessions of auditory rehabilitation and answered evaluative questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the research. The results indicated that there were differences in the pre and post-intervention moments, in the Action/Maintenance factor as well as in the readiness to change of the studied sample. There was a significant correlation between the time of use of the HA in the post-intervention with the Action/Maintenance stage. All the sample of the present study had progression in the stages of change after the auditory rehabilitation. Despite the reduced sample, it was possible to perform a hearing rehabilitation study using the TTM precepts, however, it is necessary to carry out other studies aimed at establishing auditory rehabilitation counseling strategies for each stage of behavior change.(AU)

Efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas basadas en el modelo transteórico (MTT) del cambio para el control metabólico de pacientes diabéticos / Effectiveness of psychological interventions based on the transtheoretical model (MTT) of change for metabolic control of diabetic patients

Objetivo: Evaluar el rol de las intervenciones basadas en el Modelo Transteórico (MTT) para mejorar el autocuidado de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ó tipo 2 (DM1, DM2). Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda (mayo 2017), en las bases de datos Pubmed, Academic Search Complete y PsycInfo, utilizando términos en inglés relacionados con Glucose Metabolic Disorder, Motivational Interviewing y Randomized Control Trial. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes diabéticos, mayores de 18 años, estudios realizados en atención primaria y cuyo resultado primario fuere el control glicémico. La selección de estudios fue realizada de forma independiente por MP y LR, resolviendo discrepancias con CC. Los resultados son presentados en base al protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Se identificaron 455 estudios, en base a título y resumen se seleccionaron 68, de los cuales 8 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los participantes presentaban entre 53 y 64 años de edad. No se encontraron estudios con población con DM1. No se encontraron resultados significativos para el control metabólico. Sin embargo, cuatro de los estudios demostraron que el MTT fue efectivo para aumentar la actividad física y dos reportaron mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y mitigar las barreras percibidas para la toma de medicamentos. Conclusiones: Intervenciones psicológicas basadas en el MTT para el cambio de estilo de vida de los pacientes con DM2, favorecen el autocuidado de la enfermedad a través de la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y actividad física. No existe evidencia que sugiera que estas intervenciones impacten directamente en el control metabólico. (AU)

Objetive: To establish the role of health behavior interventions based on the Transtheorical Model (TTM), in the treatmentand management of type 1 and type diabetes mellitus (DM1, DM2). Methods: The databases Pubmed, Academic Search Complete and PsycInfo were searched for studies published before May 2017, with the Mesh terms Glucose Metabolic Disorder, Transtheoretical Model. Randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Inclusion criteria: adults with DM1 or DM2, studies conducted in primary care services, glycemic control as primary outcome. Study selection and inclusion was conducted by MP and LR, solving discrepancies with CC. Results :are presented according to the PRISMA statement. Results: 455 studies were initially identified from the selected databases. 68 studies were identified through title and abstract, and analyzed in detail. 8 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Participant's age ranged from 53 to 64 years old. There were no studies conducted with DM1patients. There were no significant results for glycemic control. Nonetheless, 4 studies showed that TTM is effective in increasing physical activity and 2 studies showed a significant improvement in treatment adherence and lower psychological limitations to pharmacological adherence. Conclusions: Health behavior interventions based on the TTM for lifestyle changes, have a positive impact in the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (AU)