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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 91(3): 184-189, oct. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535481

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción : La angioplastia primaria (ATCp) es el tratamiento de elección para el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). En nuestro país, de tanta extensión territorial y con tiempos a la reperfusión subóptimos, la estrategia farmacoinvasiva (Finv) podría considerarse. Material y métodos : El ARGEN-IAM-ST es un registro prospectivo, multicéntrico, nacional y observacional. Se incluyen pacien tes con IAMCEST dentro de las 36 horas de evolución. Se definió en el mismo la utilización de Finv y las variables asociadas. Resultados : Se analizaron 4788 pacientes de los cuales en el 88,56 % se realizó ATCp, en el 8,46 % trombolíticos con reperfusión positiva (TL+), y solo en un 2,98% Finv. La mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC) del tiempo total de isquemia fueron menores en aquellos que recibieron TL+ (165 min, RIC 100-269) y los que fueron a Finv (191 min, RIC 100-330) que en aquellos que fueron a ATCp (280 min, RIC 179- 520), p <0,001. No existieron diferencias en mortalidad intrahospitalaria, en el grupo Finv 4,9%, 5,2% en el grupo TL + y en el grupo ATCp 7,8% (p = 0,081). No hubo diferencias en término de sangrados mayores. Se observó que un 57% de los pacientes con TL+ reunían características de alto riesgo, y no recibieron Finv acorde a lo recomendado Conclusiones : Solo 3 de cada 100 pacientes con IAMCEST que se reperfunden reciben Finv. Su implementación no está ligada en forma sistemática al alto riesgo de eventos. Pese a esta subutilización, por presentar un menor tiempo total de isquemia que la ATCp, sin aumento en los sangrados clínicamente relevantes persiste como una opción a considerar en nuestra realidad.


ABSTRACT Background : Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the treatment of choice for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In Argentina, a country with a large area and suboptimal reperfusion times, the pharmacoinvasive (PI) strategy might be considered. Methods : ARGEN-IAM-ST is a national prospective, multicenter, and observational registry that includes STEMI patients with less than 36 hours of progression. The PI strategy usage and its associated variables were defined. Results : In this registry, 4788 patients were analyzed, of which 88.56% underwent PPCI, 8.46% received thrombolytics with positive reperfusion (TL+), and only 2.98% received PI strategy. Median and interquartile range (IQR) of total ischemia time were lower in patients receiving TL+ (165 min, IQR 100-269) and PI (191 min, IQR 100-330) than in patients undergoing PPCI (280 min, IQR 179-520), p <0.001. No differences in intra-hospital mortality were observed: 4.9% in the PI strategy group, 5.2% in the TL+ group and 7.8% in the PPCI group (p = 0.081). No differences in major bleeding events were observed. It was observed that 57% of the TL+ patients met the criteria for high cardiovascular risk, but they did not receive PI strategy, as recommended. Conclusions : Only 3 out of 100 reperfused STEMI patients received PI strategy. Its administration is not systematically associated to high cardiovascular risk. Despite the under-usage, it remains an option to be considered due to its total ischemia time lower than in the PPCI, with no increase in clinically significant bleedings.

2.
Rev. Urug. med. Interna ; 1(3): 92-103, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092304

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular es la patología más costosa que existe, siendo la segunda causa de muerte y la primera causa de discapacidad. El aumento de la expectativa de vida en la población en general, ha determinado un incremento en la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. En el año 2012, murieron 2.542 uruguayos por esta patología, o sea, 7 personas por día. Métodos: Se realizo un análisis retrospectivo, en el Hospital de Clínicas, de todos los pacientes que ingresaron con el planteo de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, desde agosto del 2014, hasta el mismo mes del 2015 (un año de periodo). De un total de 139 pacientes a los cuales se les diagnostico accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, 8 casos (5,8%) requirieron craniectomía decompresiva, que son los que se analizan en el presente trabajo. Resultados: Se trata de 6 hombres y 2 mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 54,8 años (rango 36-71 años). El motivo de consulta fue variado, y un 75 % presento más de 16 puntos en la escala del National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale al momento del ingreso. Al 50% de los pacientes incluidos se les realizo factor activador del plasminógeno recombinante (rTPA) intravenoso. Ningún paciente se completo con estudio vascular de manera precoz. Solo 5 pacientes ingresaron a la unidad de accidente cerebrovascular. En el 75% de los casos se realizo la craniectomía decompresiva a menos de 48 horas de instalado el ictus. El 37,5% de los pacientes fallecieron antes de los 15 días del episodio, y el 62,5% sobrevivieron con una escala de Rankin modificada (mRS) igual o mayor a 3. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico deben ser atendidos por un equipo multidisciplinario, con todas las herramientas necesarias y demostradas como nivel de evidencia clase 1A (unidad de accidente cerebrovascular; factor activador del plasminógeno recombinante intravenoso, y tratamiento endovascular) para brindarle al paciente el tratamiento más eficaz que permita una adecuada y precoz rehabilitación. La craniectomía decompresiva tiene indicación (nivel de evidencia clase 1B) en aquellos pacientes menores de 60 años, con accidente cerebrovascular maligno que no respondieron al tratamiento anteriormente mencionado.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The stroke is the most expensive disease that exist, being the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability. Increased life expectancy has determinated an increase of risk factors for this disease. 2542 uruguayans or seven people per day died from stroke in 2012. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed with all patients admitted at Hospital de Clinicas with diagnosis of ischemic stroke, from August 2014 to the same month of 2015. 139 patients had diagnosis of stroke, 8 (5,8%) of them needed decompressive craniectomy. Results: Six men and 2 women. 54,8 was the average age (36 - 71). 75% present with NHISS of 16 or more. 50% of patients were treated with rTPA iv. None patient had an early vascular study. Only 5 patients were admitted at stroke units. In 75% of cases, a decompressive craniectomy was performed in the first 48 hours. 37,5% of patients died in the first 15 days from the onset of symptoms. 62,5% of patients were alive with a mRS of 3 or more. Conclusion: Patients with ischemic stroke should be treated by a multidisciplinary team with all the necessary tools (stroke unit; rTPA iv, and endovascular treatment) to give the patient the best chance of a diagnosis, effective treatment and early rehabilitation. Patients under 60 years, with a malignant stroke and a negative evolution in spite of the treatment previously mentioned, benefit from a decompressive craniectomy.

3.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 14(3): 179-189, mayo 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-907483

ABSTRACT

Seven compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated as y-fagarine (1), beta-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), alfa-amyrin (4), lupeol (5), beta-amyrin (6) and betulin (7) by extensive spectroscopic studies and by co-TLC with authentic samples. This is the first report of isolation of compounds 1-7 from this plant species. The extractives from leaves were investigated for thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and analgesic potentials along with sleep inducing property on animal model. The thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities were assessed by using human erythrocyte comparing with standard streptokinase and acetylsalicylic acid, respectively. The methanolic extract reduced frequency of diarrheal faeces when compared to the standard loperamide. In castor oil induced diarrhea in mice a dose dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transits were observed. In radiant heat tail-flick method the methanol extract showed moderate antinociceptive activity, compared to standard morphine.


Siete compuestos fueron aislados del extracto metanólico de hojas de Ziziphus mauritiana. Las estructuras de los compuestos aislados fueron identificadas como y-fagarina (1), beta-sitosterol (2), estigmasterol (3), alfa-amirina (4), lupeol (5), beta-amirina (6) y betulina (7 ) por medio de extensivos estudios espectroscópicos y por co-TLC con muestras auténticas. Este es el primer informe de aislamiento de los compuestos 1-7 a partir de esta especie vegetal. Los extractos de las hojas fueron investigados por efectos trombolíticos, estabilizadores de membrana, antimicrobianos, antidiarreicos y potenciales analgésicos junto a la propiedad de inducir sueño en el modelo animal. Las actividades trombolíticos y la estabilización de la membrana se evaluaron mediante el uso de eritrocitos humanos comparando con estreptoquinasa estándar y el ácido acetilsalicílico, respectivamente. El extracto metanólico redujo la frecuencia de las heces diarreicas en comparación con el estándar de loperamida. En la inducción por aceite de ricino de diarrea en ratones, se observó una disminución dosis dependiente de los tránsitos gastrointestinales. En el método del coletazo producido por calor radiante, el extracto metabólico mostró una actividad antinociceptiva moderada, en comparación con la morfina estándar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Ziziphus/chemistry , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Methanol , Triterpenes/isolation & purification
4.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 79(2): 133-138, mar.-abr. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634250

ABSTRACT

Introducción El pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio no parece haber mejorado en las últimas décadas en nuestro país, según las encuestas realizadas por la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Se han elaborado indicadores de calidad como parte de una iniciativa para reducir la brecha entre el manejo práctico y las recomendaciones teóricas acerca de cómo se deberían tratar estos enfermos. Objetivo Documentar a través de indicadores de calidad la práctica actual en el manejo del infarto agudo de miocardio en hospitales del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Material y métodos Se incluyó una cohorte prospectiva de 145 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio e indicación de terapia de reperfusión. Resultados En la mayoría de los pacientes se instituyó tratamiento de reperfusión, ya sea con angioplastia o con trombolíticos. La tasa de empleo de drogas de probado beneficio fue cercana al 90%. La proporción de pacientes tratados con trombolíticos dentro de los tiempos recomendados fue del 30%, similar a la de los pacientes admitidos en centros con hemodinamia y tratados con angioplastia primaria. Por otra parte, entre los enfermos transferidos entre hospitales para angioplastia primaria, el tiempo puerta-balón fue menor de 90 minutos en menos del 3% de los pacientes. Conclusiones Los resultados sugieren que la calidad de atención de los pacientes con infarto es adecuada, excepto en lo relativo al tratamiento de reperfusión, donde persisten demoras en el empleo tanto de trombolíticos como de las técnicas invasivas de reperfusión.


Background The prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction does not seem to have improved in our country during the last decades according to the last surveys of the Argentine Society of Cardiology. Indicators of quality have been elaborated as part of an initiative to reduce the gap between practical management and theoretical recommendations about how to treat these patients. Objective To document the quality of current medical practice in the management of acute myocardial infarction in public hospitals depending on the Government of the City of Buenos Aires. Material and Methods We included a prospective cohort of 145patients with acute myocardial infarction and indication of reperfusion therapy. Results Most patients underwent reperfusion treatment with angioplasty or thrombolytic agents. The use of drugs of proven efficacy was almost 90%. The proportion of patients treated with thrombolytic agents within the recommended time intervals was 30%, similar to those of patients admitted to centers with catheterization laboratory facilities and treated with primary angioplasty. In patients transferred to hospitals for primary angioplasty, door-to-balloon time was <90 minutes in less than 3% of patients. Conclusions These results suggest that quality of medical care for patients with myocardial infarction is adequate, yet there are still delays in the implementation of reperfusion therapy, either thrombolysis or invasive reperfusion techniques.

5.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 43(2)mayo-ago. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531362

ABSTRACT

La Heberkinasa® (estreptoquinasa recombinante), es un trombolítico utilizado en el tratamiento del infarto agudo del miocardio, presentada en forma de liofilizado en bulbos estériles, de conocidos y probados efectos de reperfusión coronaria y reducción del tamaño del infarto, además de otras aplicaciones como en la trombosis venosa profunda, trombosis de acceso vascular permanente de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal tratados por hemodiálisis periódicas, disfunción de prótesis valvulares cardíacas por trombos y en el tromboembolismo pulmonar; se asocian reacciones adversas durante el tratamiento, frecuentes y menos frecuentes, dentro de las que se encuentra el dolor lumbar. Se presenta a una paciente con el diagnóstico de un infarto agudo del miocardio, de cara diafragmática, a quien se le aplicó la trombolisis con Heberkinasa y durante esta presentó dolor lumbar agudo, intenso, que cedió con la reducción de goteo de la infusión y esta se pudo continuar sin más problemas.


The Heberkinase® (recombinant streptokinase) is a thrombolytic agent used in treatment of acute myocardial infarction, presented as sterile bulbs, of known and proved effects of coronary reperfusion and reduction of infarction dimension, besides of other applications e.g. the deep venous thrombosis, permanent vascular access thrombosis in patients presenting with terminal chronic renal insufficiency treated by periodical hemodialysis, dysfunction of cardiac vascular prostheses by thrombi, and in case of pulmonary thromboembolism; there are adverse reactions associated during treatment, frequent and less frequent including those of lumbar pain. Authors present a case of a woman diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction of diaphragmatic side undergoing thrombolysis with Heberkinase, and during it she had intense and acute lumbar pain improving with reduction of dripping infusion without subsequent problems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Low Back Pain/chemically induced , Streptokinase/adverse effects
6.
Brasília méd ; 44(4): 271-276, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-495678

ABSTRACT

Introdução. A embolia pulmonar é comum e pode estar associada a morbimortalidades significativas. O tratamento convencional é feito com anticoagulação, porém os trombolíticos têm sido indicados em condições graves com instabilidade hemodinâmica. Objetivo. Revisar o tratamento da tromboembolia pulmonar extensa e comprometimento ventricular direito, associada à instabilidade hemodinâmica. Discutir as evidências no tratamento dessa morbidade, com lesão do ventrículo direito, sem instabilidade hemodinâmica. Discussão. O uso de trombólise em pacientes com tromboembolia pulmonar e instabilidade hemodinâmica está bem estabelecido. Entretanto, há controvérsias sobre sua indicação em pacientes acometidos e disfunção ventricular direita sem instabilidade hemodinâmica persistente. Conclusão. Atualmente, não há evidências que amparem o uso generalizado de trombolíticos em pacientes com quadro agudo e disfunção ventricular direita sem instabilidade hemodinâmica.


Introduction. Pulmonary embolism is a common disease that could be related to significant morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation is the standard treatment, but thrombolytics have been indicated for the disease with hemodynamic instability. Objective. Review the treatment of pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic instability and discuss the evidences of using thrombolysis for treating pulmonary embolism with right ventricular dysfunction and without hemodynamic instability. Discussion. Thrombolysis is well established for patients with pulmonary embolism and hemodynamic instability. However, indication to use thrombolytics for treating pulmonary embolism with right ventricular dysfunction and without hemodynamic instability is still a doubt. Conclusion. Until now, there is no evidence to support the routine use of thrombolysis for patients with the disease and right ventricular dysfunction, but without hemodynamic instability.

7.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 75(3): 296-305, jul.-sep. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631903

ABSTRACT

El objetivo es describir nuestra experiencia, resultados clínicos y angiográficos inmediatos en pacientes con IAM sometidos a angioplastía coronaria transluminal percutánea de rescate (ACTPR). Material y métodos: Tipo de estudio; retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo con seguimiento a 30 días. De enero de 2001 a julio de 2004 se realizaron 3,238 procedimientos de ACTP con aplicación de stent a pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica por aterosclerosis coronaria, se seleccionó a 32 pacientes que representan el 0.98%, con edad de 47 a 79 años promedio de 63, 24 (75%) del sexo masculino, con hipertensión arterial sistémica 29 (90.6%), diabetes mellitus 18 (56.3%), hipercolesterolemia 11 (34.4%), tabaquismo 24 (75%), con antecedentes de angina inestable 9 (28.1%) y con infarto miocardio previo 2 (6.3%). La localización del IAM: anterior extenso 14 (43.8%), anteroseptal en 6 (18.8%), postero-inferior en 5 (15.6%), Pl con extensión eléctrica y/o hemodinámica en VD en 4 (12.5%), lateral en 1 (3.1%). Se trombolizaron en un tiempo promedio 3.19 horas (rango 2-7) con estreptoquinasa 19 (59.4%) y con rTPA 13 (40.6%), la CPK-MB pico (U) promedio de 348 ± 240. Con Killip Kimball (KK) 1 en cinco (15.6%), II 16 (50%), III 5 (15.6%) y IV 6 (18.8%) éstos manejados con balón intraaórtico de contrapulsación. Resultados: Llevados a sala de hemodinamia en un tiempo de 6 a 24 h encontrando flujo TIMI 0 en 16 (50%), TIMI 1 en diez (31.2%), TIMI 2 en seis (18.8%), promedio de vasos enfermos de 1.9. Se implantó stent en 27 (84.3%). Éxito angiográfico post ACTP más stent TIMI 3 en 24 (75%). Complicaciones: En 9(28.1%), en 7 (21.8%) con no reflujo y en 1 (3.1%) disección de la arteria coronaria relacionada con el IAM, 6 (18.7%) que fallecieron, en 4 (12.5%) con choque cardiogénico; 3 (9.3%) la ACTPR fue fallida. Conclusión: La ACTPR es un procedimiento de alto riesgo y pese a ello es una buena alternativa de tratamiento en pacientes con trombólisis fallida.


The present study is aimed at describing the short-term assessment of clinical and angiographic results in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (RPTCA). Methods: We reviewed retrospectively, from January 2001 to July 2004, the interventional procedures performed in patients with coronary heart disease. From a total of 3,258 patients we selected 32 (0.98%) with acute myocardial infarction and failure of thrombolysis treatment, which were treated with RPTCA to relief the symptoms. Average age was 63 years (range 47-79), there were 24 men (75%); hypertension in 29 (90.6%); diabetes mellitus in 18 (56.3%); currently smoking 24 (75%); dyslipidemia in 11 (34.4%); unstable angina in 9 (28.1%); previous myocardial infarction in 2 (6.3%). The area related to the infarction was anterior and lateral in 14 (43.8%), anteroseptal in 6 (18.8%), postero-inferior in 5 (15.6%) with electric and hemodynamic involvement in 4 (12.5%), lateral in 1(3.1 %). Thrombolysis treatment was delivered in 3.19 hours (range 2-7 hours) with streptokinasein 19 (59.4%) and rTPA in 13 (40.6%). The evaluated serum marker was CPK-MB with the highest level of 348 ± 240 U/L. Killip Kimball (KK) class was established as follows: KKI in 5 (15.6%), II in 16 (50%), III in 5 (15.6%), and IV in 6 (18.8%). Patients with cardiogenic shock were treated with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Results: Time between symptoms and arrival to the cath lab was 11 hours (range 6-24 hours). TIMI flow was: TIMI 0 in 16(50%). TIMI 1 in 10 (31.2%), TIMI 2 in 6 (18.8%). The number of vessels with a significant lesion was 1.9 (range 1-4). Stents were placed in 27 (84.3%) patients. Angiographic success post-angioplasty was achieved in 24 (75%); there were 9 complications (28.1%), no reflow in 7 (21.8%), coronary dissection in 1 (3.1%). Six patients died (18.7%) and 4 of them (12.5%) were in cardiogenic shock. Conclusion: RPT-CA is a high-risk procedure, being an acceptable treatment option for patients with thrombolysis failure.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Streptokinase/therapeutic use , Thrombolytic Therapy , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/mortality , Coronary Angiography , Counterpulsation/methods , Electrocardiography , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stents , Shock, Cardiogenic/therapy , Streptokinase/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/administration & dosage
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 64(6): 515-520, Jun. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319364

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To evaluate pre and post-hemodynamic changes after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism with multiple pulmonary segments compromised. METHODS--Nine patients, 5 females, aged between 27 and 83 (mean 62 +/- 16) years, with the onset of symptoms preceding 7 days, were submitted to thrombolytic therapy, administered after baseline perfusion-ventilation lung scan, echodopplercardiography (ECO) and hemodynamic measurements with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. The same procedures were done after the thrombolytic infusion. Streptokinase (SK) was used in 7 (78) cases and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) in 2 with the following doses: SK-250,000 i.u. infusion over 30 min, then 100,000 i.v/h over 24 to 72 h and rt-PA-20 mg in bolus infusion, then 80 mg over 6 h. Thrombolytic was infused in pulmonary artery trunk in 8 (88) cases and a peripheral vein in 1 (12) case, until mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) reached 20 mmHg. All patients received i.v. heparin and oral anticoagulation after thrombolytic therapy. RESULTS--A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in right atrial pressure (12 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 2 mmHg), PAP (32 +/- 5 vs 19 +/- 2 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistance (397 +/- 125 vs 87 +/- 24 dyne.s/cm5) and increase in cardiac output (3.4 +/- 0.5 vs 5.5 +/- 1.0 l/min) and stroke volume (30 +/- 5 vs 57 +/- 10 ml/beat) were observed after thrombolytic infusion. Two patients died as a result of pulmonary infection unrelated to the embolic event or thrombolysis. Minor bleeding complications occurred in two cases and major in one patient with orthopedic prosthesis. CONCLUSION--Thrombolytic therapy exert desirable effects on hemodynamic abnormalities, achieving lungs scan and ECO improvement in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Thrombolytic Therapy , Pulmonary Embolism , Aged, 80 and over , Catheterization, Swan-Ganz , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography , Femoral Vein , Acute Disease
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