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1.
Rev. salud pública ; 16(5): 773-743, set.-oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962013

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Después del terremoto y tsunami de Chile (27-F), estudiamosel efecto de factores socio-demográficos, de exposición al evento y de ayuda estatal recibida en la comorbilidad entre trastorno de pánico (CAP) y estrés postraumático (TEPT). Método Encuestas que incluían la Escala de Trauma de Davidson(DTS)a 246 habitantes. Resultados Se encontró19,1% de comorbilidad (r=,583; R2=,340; p<,01). Quienes tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir CAP y TEPT son las mujeresdueñas de casa. La ayuda estatal se asocia amás casos de CAP. Conclusiones Diseñamos perfiles de riesgo/resistencia anteterremotos/tsunamis y uninstrumento (EP-TEPT) para detectar casos en riesgo de TEPT. Sugerimos pautas para que el Estado mejore su rol después de desastres.(AU)


Objective After the earthquake and tsunami in Chile (F-27), we studied the effect of socio-demographic factors, exposure to the event, and state aid received on comorbidity from panic disorder (PD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method Surveys that include the administration of the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) to 246 inhabitants. Results 19.1 % comorbidity was found (r=.583, R2=.340, p<.01). Females homeowners have a higher risk of PD and PTSD. State aid is associated with more cases of PD. Conclusions We designed risk/resistance profilesagainst earthquakes/tsunamis and an instrument to detect cases at risk of PTSD. We suggest guidelines so that the government can improve its role after disasters.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Public Policy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/epidemiology , Earthquakes , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(supl.3): 15-32, nov. 2012. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-672080

ABSTRACT

The Isla del Coco (also known as Cocos Island), in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, has a rough topography, an area of 24km², and is the only sub-aerial topographic height of the summit of a volcano located in the margin of the Cordillera Volcánica del Coco (also known as Cocos Ridge). The Cocos Ridge is a well defined linear bathymetric height, issued from the active volcanism of the Galápagos hotspot during the last 15 million years (Ma); it is the largest geographic feature of Costa Rica, as a volcanic range of 780km long in its territorial seawaters. Isla del Coco is part of a submarine shield volcano of complex evolution, which erupted several times above sea level during the Lower Pleistocene (2.2-1.5Ma). The island and other seamounts are the result from a mantle thermal anomaly that erupted through volcano-tectonic fissures in the oceanic crust. The rocks consist mainly of alkali basaltic lava flows (aa, pahoehoe, blocky lavas) and dikes, minor trachyte lava flows, volcanic domes and dikes, with subordinate pyroclastic and epivolcanic rocks. Colluvial, soils and local littoral deposits such as sand and gravel beaches are also present. The island has a juvenile erosive stadium, but their submarine erosive arcs and platforms (90-110m and 183m depth) are probably the result of the erosion occurred during last two glacial maxima, besides slow subsidence events of the island due the thermal cooling of the volcanic shield and its oceanic crust. The most important current external geodynamic hazards are landslides, tsunamis and rare seismic events, Mw ≤ 5.8 in a 300km radio associated to N-S right lateral strike slip faults. However, the limited seismic data available, and geomorphological alignments, indicates that there is some seismic activity related to local faults oriented N-S, ENE and in a lesser extend NW trend. Seismicity and rainfall have triggered landslides; liquefaction is restricted to Chatham and Wafer bays’ beaches. Moderate historical and prehistorical tsunamis were related to regional seismic events. The relative young age of Isla del Coco makes it an interesting place to study the evolution and migration of species, and their genetic features. More detailed studies related to tephrostratigraphy, neotectonics, marine geomorphology, evolution of seamounts, lava flow morphology, and submarine hydrothermal activity, are still necessary to understand the expression of internal geodynamic processes in this region.


La Isla del Coco es la única isla oceánica y el único afloramiento subaéreo de la Cordillera Volcánica del Coco, el rasgo geográfico y geológico más extenso en aguas territoriales costarricenses. Desde el punto de vista geológico, está conformada por rocas volcánicas, predominantemente coladas de lavas basálticas y traquíticas en menor cantidad, con rocas piroclásticas y epiclásticas subordinadas. Posee suelos, coluvios y depósitos de playas (arenas y cantos) superficiales; su topografía es muy variable pero predomina el relieve quebrado y rugoso. La Isla del Coco es la parte emergida de un volcán submarino de evolución compleja, desarrollado a partir y durante el Pleistoceno Inferior (entre 2.2 y 1.5 millones de años, Ma), producto de una anomalía térmica en el manto a través de varias fisuras, que originaron varios alineamientos de volcanes submarinos. La Isla del Coco se encuentra en un estadio de erosión activo, y sus arcos y plataformas sumergidas (90-110m y 183m) son probablemente el producto de una erosión subaérea durante las dos últimas máximas glaciaciones, combinados quizás con la subsidencia debida al enfriamiento del escudo volcánico y de la corteza oceánica. Al ser la isla geológicamente joven, posee importantes implicaciones para la comprensión de la evolución y el endemismo de su biodiversidad. Las amenazas en la geodinámica principales identificadas son los deslizamientos, los tsunamis y, en menor grado, la sismicidad, poco frecuente y con magnitudes moderadas (≤ 5.8 Mw hasta la fecha) dentro de un radio de alrededor de 300km, predominantemente asociada con fallas dextrales de rumbo N-S. Los pocos datos obtenidos hasta el momento indican que hay un cierto grado de actividad sísmica en los alrededores de la Isla del Coco, relacionados con las fallas locales. Algunos pequeños tsunamis históricos y prehistóricos han afectado a la Isla del Coco y los sismos así como la precipitación pluvial elevada han generado deslizamientos. La licuefacción está restringida a las dos playas arenosas (bahías Chatham y Wafer).


Subject(s)
Volcanology , Tectonics , Geological Phenomena , Oceans and Seas , Tsunamis , Geologic Sediments , Costa Rica
3.
Rev. salud pública ; 13(4): 551-559, agosto 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-625630

ABSTRACT

Objetivos Según investigaciones previas, después del terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010 (27-F), se espera un aumento de la prevalencia del estrés post-traumático (TEPT). Esta investigación pretende mostrar la importancia de este problema, identificando la prevalencia del TEPT en la ciudad de Constitución, una de las más afectadas por el 27-F. Método Mediante la escala Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E), se midió la cantidad de síntomas intensos de TEPT en dos muestras: apoderados de un colegio municipal y personal de la red de atención primaria. Resultados La prevalencia del TEPT en ambos grupos es mayor a lo esperado: 36 % en el grupo de apoderados (en el cual se esperaba un 23 %) y 20 % en el de funcionarios (en el cual se esperaba un 15 %). Conclusiones Se reflexiona respecto del grave problema de salud mental pública presente en esta ciudad en particular y en todas las zonas afectadas en general. También se discute respecto de la factibilidad de resolver este problema de salud pública, mediante los recursos disponibles en la red de salud. Si bien su resolución es compleja, es posible apoyar iniciativas científicas de investigación aplicada, como la que actualmente está llevando a cabo la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Talca.(AU)


Objectives An increase in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is expected following the February 27th 2010 (F-27) earthquake and tsunami, according to previous research; the current research was aimed at showing the importance of this problem by identifying PTSD prevalence in Constitucion, one of the Chilean cities most affected by F-27. Methods The number of severe PTSD symptoms was measured in two samples taken from staff from a local school and a primary care network, using the short post-traumatic stress disorder rating interview (SPRINT-E) scale. Results PTSD prevalence was higher than expected in both groups: 36 % in the local school staff (where 23 % was expected) and 20 % for primary care network staff (15 % was expected). Conclusions The article deals with PTSD prevalence, reflecting on the serious public mental health problem affecting this city in particular and all affected areas in general. It also discusses the feasibility of solving this public health problem by using available health network resources. While its resolution is complex, initiatives in applied research can always be supported, such as those currently being conducted by the University of Talca's psychology faculty.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Tsunamis , Earthquakes , Public Health Surveillance , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(3): 267-269, mar. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548158

ABSTRACT

One of the biggest earthquakes recorded in human history has recently devastated a large part of the Chilean territory and, followed by a Tsunami, destroyed cities, seaports, fishermen’s coves, bridges, and countryside houses. This cataclysm affected a large proportion of our population, leaving homeless families, no working tools for work places, hospitals, schools, public buildings, museums. However, the loss of human Uves was small compared to similar disasters. It destroyed part of the national heritage as well as damaged people's living conditions. A national movement started immediately to help and recover, and international resources, both human and technological were also set in motion. As after previous earthquakes in Chile, young M.D.'s and medical students were organized in voluntary groups backed by institutions or by their own organizations and went from large cities as Santiago and others to provide medical and psychological care to those in most need. Young members and students of other health professions (nurses, physical therapists, etc.) were included in these groups or worked in their own ones. National and international experience indicates that the forthcoming months require special care of psychological reactions and sequel (posttraumatic stress symptoms) and health consequences after water pollution, restrictions in housing and deteriorated sanitary conditions. Nevertheless, our country will stand up once more.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Earthquakes , Relief Work/history , Chile , Earthquakes/history , Relief Work/organization & administration , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Tsunamis/history
5.
Rev. luna azul ; (29): 68-81, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635748

ABSTRACT

El agua en exceso o déficit es perjudicial para los seres vivos y para el desarrollo social y económico de las comunidades. Desastres naturales relacionados con el agua, como las inundaciones y los maremotos son dos ejemplos claros de catástrofes relacionadas con el agua que pueden afectar seriamente el desarrollo integral de ciudades y países, en cualquier esfera productiva. Además de los daños en la actividad económica o en el aspecto social y habitacional, el agua presenta un gran riesgo para las comunidades desde el punto de vista de la salud en general. El agua no potable, la cual desafortunadamente se consume en muchas naciones del mundo, es causante de gran cantidad de enfermedades en pacientes de todas las edades, viéndose más afectada la comunidad infantil de los países en vías de desarrollo. Considerando que en contra del agua y los desastres naturales la fortaleza humana es débil; sí se debe tener claro que hay muchas otras instancias y acciones que las comunidades pueden ejecutar con el objetivo de mitigar daños que tengan relación con el agua, la salud general y el desarrollo de las poblaciones. El manejo e identificación de las posibilidades para mejorar las anteriores situaciones negativas deben ser producto de la acción y trabajo en conjunto de las administraciones, la academia y los sectores privados, en busca de un beneficio general e integral.


Excess or deficit of water affects living beings, as well as social and economical development inof communities. Natural disasters related to water, such as flooding and tsunamis are two clear examples of risks catastrophes to influencing integral development of cities and countries at any productivity level. Besides the damage to economical, social or constructing aspects, water threatens general health in different communities, from the general health point of view. Non-potable water, which unfortunately is drank in many countries, causes great variety of diseases in patients of all ages, drastically affecting more drastically infants in underdeveloped countries. Considering that against water and natural disasters, humans men is are not strong enough; it is necessary to highlight that in other cases there are many actions communities can undertake to diminish water -related damage, health risks and general development. Identifying and managing different possibilities to improve these negative situations is must be the result of a joint effort that includes public administration, the academic area and all private institutions in order aware of the need and aiming to achieve a general and integral benefit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tsunamis , Water , Floods , Natural Disasters
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