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Resumen: Introducción: La cirugía de hombro se asocia con dolor postoperatorio severo; el bloqueo del plexo braquial interescalénico es la técnica anestésica de elección. No obstante, este procedimiento no está exento de riesgos, como el desarrollo de parálisis hemidiafragmática, limitando su utilidad en pacientes con alta probabilidad de complicaciones respiratorias. Objetivos: Analizar las diferentes estrategias de prevención de la parálisis hemidiafragmática en el bloqueo de plexo braquial interescalénico, así como describir los principios que la rigen, en el contexto de la anestesia regional para la cirugía de hombro. Material y métodos: Se buscó bibliografía utilizando bases de datos médicas (CONRICyT, PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochrane), con las palabras clave: cirugía de hombro, anestesia regional, bloqueo interescalénico, bloqueo supraclavicular, nervio frénico, parálisis hemidiafragmática, complicaciones y prevención. Discusión y conclusiones: El bloqueo interescalénico es valioso para proporcionar anestesia y analgesia en cirugía de hombro, sin embargo, sus beneficios deben sopesarse frente a los riesgos. Se ha evidenciado disminuir la parálisis del nervio frénico: utilizando guía ecográfica, disminuyendo el volumen y la concentración del anestésico local, modificando el sitio de inyección y utilizando una técnica anestésica regional completamente diferente. Resulta imperativo incorporar estos nuevos conocimientos para hacer de esta técnica una práctica segura y efectiva.
Abstract: Introduction: Shoulder surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and interscalene brachial plexus block is the anesthetic technique of choice. However, this procedure is not without risks, such as the development of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, limiting its usefulness in patients with a high probability of respiratory complications. Objectives: To analyze the different prevention strategies for hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in interscalene brachial plexus block, as well as to describe the principles that govern it, in the context of regional anesthesia for shoulder surgery. Material and methods: Bibliography was searched using medical databases (CONRICyT, PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochrane), introducing key words: shoulder surgery, regional anesthesia, interscalene block, supraclavicular block, phrenic nerve, hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, complications and prevention. Discussion and conclusions: Interscalene block is valuable for providing anesthesia and analgesia in shoulder surgery, however, its benefits must be weighed against the risks. A reduction in phrenic nerve paralysis has been shown: using ultrasound guidance, reducing the volume and concentration of the local anesthetic, modifying the injection site and using a completely different regional anesthetic technique. It is imperative to incorporate this new knowledge to make this technique a safe and effective practice.
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Objective:To apply Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection for cricopharyngeal achalasia dysphagia guided by ultrasound and electrical stimulation. Methods:A case with cricopharyngeal achalasia dysphagia was reviewed. Results:He ate food almost in normal way six days after injection, and cricopharyngeus was open seven days after injection. Conclusion:BTX-A injection under ultrasound- and electrical stimulation-guide is effective on cricopharyngeal achalasia dysphagia.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La neuralgia de nervio pudendo (NNP) se presenta como un dolor neuropático intenso, ardiente y difuso en la zona perineal, acompañado en ocasiones de hipoestesia, alodinia, hiperalgesia, sensibilidad dérmica, parestesia y entumecimiento que empeora el dolor en sedestación. Es un síndrome subdiagnosticado que, en ocasiones, se presenta refractario al tratamiento farmacológico y fisiátrico. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la eficacia de la radiofrecuencia pulsada (RFP) guiada por ultrasonido para el tratamiento de dolor crónico, realizada a dos pacientes con NNP refractarios a tratamiento conservador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Siendo positivo el bloqueo diagnóstico realizado con 0,5-1 ml de lidocaína al 2 por ciento, se practicó RFP bajo guía ecográfica a 2 pacientes (1 femenina de 36 años y 1 masculino de 54 años) con diagnóstico de NNP (según criterio de Nantes) y se realizó seguimiento a 1 semana y a 1 mes del procedimiento, observando la evolución del dolor mediante la utilización de la escala visual análoga (EVA), calidad de vida según lo informado en consulta y evolución en la ingesta y dosis de medicamentos. RESULTADOS: Luego del procedimiento la reducción del dolor fue significativa en ambos casos, en la paciente 1 (femenina) la EVA pasó de 10/10 (preoperatorio) a 1/10 a una semana del procedimiento y desapareció por completo al mes, retirándose en su totalidad la medicación indicada para la NNP. Asimismo, la paciente manifestó mejora en la calidad de vida, al no tener ya dolor durante el coito. Por su parte, en el paciente 2 (masculino), el dolor se redujo en un 50 por ciento registrándose un EVA que pasó de 8/10 (preoperatorio) a 4/10 a la semana y al mes de realizado el procedimiento. En su caso, al no haber desaparecido por completo el dolor, continuó tomando la medicación indicada (duloxetina 30 mg) y refirió poder sentarse con comodidad, ya sin el dolor intenso que lo aquejaba en esta posición, pudiendo incluso realizar un viaje de larga distancia. DISCUSIÓN: La RFP es un procedimiento efectivo en aquellos pacientes correctamente diagnosticados de neuralgia del nervio pudendo según el criterio de Nantes, refractarios a tratamiento farmacológico y/o fisioterápico, practicada por profesionales con entrenamiento y/o experiencia en la técnica de radiofrecuencia pulsada así como en el manejo de ultrasonido para ubicar sonoanatómicamente el nervio pudendo, en un ámbito seguro para la realización del procedimiento.
INTRODUCTION: The pudendal neuralgia is presented as a neurophatic pain that is intense, burning, difusse in the perineal area, sometimes accompanied by hypoesthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, dermal sensitivity, paresthesia and numbness that worsens by sitting. It Ìs a syndrome underdiagnosed that can sometimes be refractory to traditional management like pharmacological or physical therapy. OBJECTIVES: Test the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrecuency by ultrasound-guided treatment of cronic pain done to two patients with pudendal neuralgia that were refractory to the conservative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As the diagnostic block done with 0,5-1 ml with 2 percent of lidocaine gave a positive outcome, we perform a pulsed radiofrecuency by an ultrasound-guide to two patients (36 year old female and a 54 year old male) with pudendal neuralgia diagnosted according to Nantes criteria and a tracing of 1 week and 1 month of the procedure was performed observing the pain evolution through visual analogue scale, quality of life according to the as reported in consultation and evolution in the intake and dose of medications. RESULTS: The reduction of pain was significant in both cases, in patient 1 (female) the VAS went from 10/10 (preoperative) to 1/10 to a week of the procedure and disappeared completely to 1 month, with the medicines completely withdrawn indicated for pudendal neuralgia. The female patient (1) showed improvement in the quality of life by not having pain during intercourse. On the other hand, in patient 2 (male), the pain was reduced by 50 percent, registering an EVA that went from 8/10 (preoperative) to 4/10 to 1 week and 1 month after the procedure was performed. In his case, since the pain had not completely disappeared, he continued to take the indicated medication (duloxetine 30 mg) and referred to be able to sit comfortably, without the intense pain that afflicted him in this position, even being able to travel long distances. DISCUSSION: Pulsed radiofrequency is an effective procedure in those patients correctly diagnosed with pudendal neuralgia according to the Nantes criterion, refractory to pharmacological and / or physiotherapeutic treatment, practiced by professionals with training and / or experience in the pulsed radiofrequency technique as well as in the management of ultrasound to locate the pudendal nerve sonoanatomically, in a safe environment for carrying out the procedure.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Pudendal Neuralgia/therapy , Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment , Pain Management/methods , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome , Chronic PainABSTRACT
Objective To study the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided puncture combined with surgical resection for liquefied cavitary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 17 patients who had liquefied cavitary HAE and were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2014 to August 2016.Ten patients were treated with ultrasound-guided puncture combined with surgical resection (the case group),and 7 patients were treated with resection (the control group).The basic characteristics,operation time,blood loss during operation,preoperative and postoperative laboratory tests and complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in basic characteristics,such as age,gender,and lesion diameter (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time and blood loss during operation showed significant differences between the 2 groups,(308.0 ± 23.0) min (389.0 ± 95.7) min and (1 360.0 ± 182.9) ml vs.(1 607.1 ± 205.0) ml,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).The prothrombin time (PT) after day 3 of operation and alanine aminotransferase level after day 5 of operation showed significant differences between the 2 groups,(13.8 ±0.9) s vs.(15.5 ±1.7) s and (81.9 ±20.9) U/L vs.(108.1 ±29.5) U/L,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the 2 groups.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided puncture combined with surgical resection shortened the operation time,reduced blood loss and avoided serious complications after surgery.This treatment is efficacious and safe for liquefied cavitary HAE.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of different subclavian vein catheterization methods on catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI) in critically ill patients.Methods Patients with subclavian vein catheterization for more than 7 days in the intensive care unit of a hospital between May 2008 and December 2015 were investigated retrospectively.They were divided into three groups:ultrasound-guided catheterization group(group A),conventional single lumen subclavian vein catheterization without skin expansion group(group B),conventional double lumen subclavian vein catheterization group(control group).The survey included name,age,diagnosis,APACHE Ⅱ score,catheterization sites and methods,whether or not succeeded in single catheterization,duration of catheterization,occurrence of CRBSI,and isolation of pathogens.Incidence of CRBSI,CRBSI per 1 000 catheter-days,and distribution of pathogens causing CRBSI were compared respectively among patients with different catheterization methods.Results A total of 2 366 patients were surveyed (group A,n =789;group B,n =786;control group,n =791).In group A,B,and control group,13,15,and 40 cases developed CRBSI respectively,incidence of CRBSI were 1.65％,1.91％,and 5.06％ respectively,incidence of CRBSI per 1 000 catheter-days were 1.09‰,1.27‰,and 3.36％‰ respectively,the percentage of success in single catheterization were 97.47％,88.80％,87.23％ respectively.There were significant difference in incidence,incidence of CRBSI per 1 000 catheter-days,and percentage of success in single catheterization among three groups(all P＜0.01).Pairwise comparison showed that percentage of success in single catheterization in group A was higher than group B and control group,difference were significant (x2 =46.25,58.50,both P＜0.01);incidence of CRBSI in control group was higher than group A and B(x52 =12.82,18.35 respectively,both P＜0.01);incidence of CRBSI per 1 000 catheter-days in control group was higher than group A and B(x2 =13.74,11.22 respectively,both P＜0.01).13,15,40 strains of pathogens were isolated from three groups,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were the main pathogens in three groups,the proportion of coagulase negative staphylococcus infection in control group was higher than group A and B.Conclusion Compared with conventional catheterization methods (single lumen,double lumen),ultasound-guided subclavian vein catheterization can effectively improve the success rate of puncture.Ultrasoundguided catheterization and conventional single lumen subclavian vein catheterization without skin expansion can reduce the occurrence of CRBSI compared with double lumen subclavian vein catheterization.
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PurposeTo explore the application of ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) in diagnosis of breast phyllodes tumor, in order to provide a reliable basis for operation selection, and to improve prognosis.Materials and MethodsFifty-seven patients with diagnosed or suspected phyllodes tumor of the breast (PTB) were retrospectively studied. Ultrasound results and US-CNB biopsy data were compared with surgical pathology results.ResultsFor all the 57 cases of PTB, US-CNB revealed 46 benign cases, 8 cases of suspected borderline PTB, and 3 cases of mesenchymal malignant tumors. The postoperative pathological diagnosis of all the patients included 48 cases of benign tumors, 6 cases of borderline tumors, and 3 cases of malignant tumors. Compared with the postoperative pathology, US-CNB had sensitivity of 95.83%, speciifcity of 100.00%, the coincidence rate of 96.49%, the misdiagnosis rate of 4.17%, and misdiagnosis rate of 0%. The Youden's index was 0.96, andKappa was 0.8345. ConclusionUS-CNB has high sensitivity, speciifcity and coincidence rate in diagnosis of PTB.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided subcostal transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block with dexmedeto-midine after laparoscopic radical operation. Methods 40 patients underwent laparoscopic radical operation for colorectal cancer were ran-domized into dexmedetomidine group (group DEX) and control group (group CON). All the patients received ultrasound-guided subcostal TAP block after operation, Group DEX with dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg and 0.25%ropivacaine to 20 ml, and group CON with 0.25%ropiva-caine 20 ml. All the patients were assessed with Ramsay scores and the pain at rest and on coughing were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 2, 6, 12, 24 and 24 hours after operation. The highest level and the duration of sensory blockade, the first time and the total times of pressing the analgesia pump in the first day after operation, and the requirements of sufentanil were recorded. First flatus time, first diet time and the length of hospital stay were compared. Results The scores of VAS were significantly less (P<0.001), and the Ramsay scores were more in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.01) 2, 6 and 12 hours after operation; with the longer time of sensory blockade (P<0.001), the later to first press the analgesia pump (P<0.001), the less frequence of pressing the analgesia pump (P<0.001), and less dosage of sufentanil (P<0.001). The first flatus time, first diet time were significantly earlier in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.001), with the less length of total hospital stay (P<0.001). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can promote the anaesthesia of ultra-sound-guided subcostal TAP block with ropivacaine and improve the recovery after laparoscopic radical operation.
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OBJECTIVE: A 15-month review of all mammotome excision breast biopsies in the Medical City to evaluate our experience in excising benign breast lesions using this technique by taking into consideration the complications encountered and patient satisfaction regarding the procedure and the postoperative result.METHODS: The study included all patients seen by two breast surgeons of the Medical City Breast Clinic from May 2007 to July 2008 with both palpable breast masses visible on ultrasound with a Breast Imaging Reporting a Data System (BIRADS) classification of 2-4. Women with lesions at high risk for malignancy were excluded from the study. Patient demographics were noted, lesions were classified according to BIRADS classification and data regarding the procedure, compilations incurred and patient satisfaction ratings were obtained.RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients with ages ranging from 17 to 72 years old underwent ultrasound guided mammotome excision at the TMC-Breast Clinic removing a total of 167 lesions. Majority (82%) of patients were premenopausal whereas 22 (18%) were postmenopausal. Ecchymosis (73%) was the most frequent complication during the procedure due to hematoma formation, pain and a skin nick that require suturing. Of the 25 patients who had a previous open biopsy, 23 (92%) preferred mammotome excision over open breast biopsy.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided mammotome excision is a safe and well-tolerated alternative to open excision biopsy for benign lesions of the breast.
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Humans , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Adolescent , Ecchymosis , Patient Satisfaction , Postmenopause , Breast , Biopsy , Ultrasonography , Mastectomy , Hematoma , Pain , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect and adaptability of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) guided by ultrasound.Method:30 patients with renal calculi,who were treated with MPCNL guided by ultrasound from October 2005 to April 2006,were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The success rate of which the introducer needle tip was correctly positioned at the target point inside kidney was 96.8%(30/31),and the catheter has been placed satisfactorily was 93.5%(29/31).The successive rate or single puncture is very high,up to 95%,free from block in all cases after operations.Conclusions:A high success rate and less trauma were the merits of MPCNL,the technique is claimed to be safe and reliable.and it is worthwhile to be widely used.