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Abstract Introduction Acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is the most common cause of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD). Objective We investigated the prevalence of PIOD in a large group of patients reporting persistent smell impairment perception after the AURI resolution. Methods Olfactometry was performed within 1 month after the common cold resolution and after 1 year in 467 (299 males, mean age 41.7 years) outpatients. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test (Burghart instruments, Wedel, Germany) was used. Results Anosmia was documented in 28 (6%) patients, hyposmia in 33 (7%), and cacosmia in 55 (11.7%). After 1 year, PIOD improved in 82 (79.6%) patients re-tested. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that persistent olfactory dysfunction is a relevant symptom in patients with AURI, even though many patients had normal olfactometry. Thus, smell impairment deserves careful attention and requires objective documentation.
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Las infecciones de las vías respiratorios altas (IVRA), son debilitantes para el potencial deportivo de los atletas de élite. El ejercicio físico activa múltiples vías moleculares y bioquímicas relacionadas con el sistema inmune, sensibles a influencias nutricionales. Sobre este contexto, la inmunonutrición está adquiriendo una nueva dirección orientada a conseguir el equilibrio inmunológico, contraponiéndose con algunas de las teorías que han sentado las bases de la inmunología del ejercicio durante las últimas décadas. Objetivo. Investigar los aspectos nutricionales que puedan mejorar la respuesta inmunológica en deportistas de elite. Estudiar los posibles beneficios del equilibrio inmunológico para mejorar el rendimiento, analizar los factores nutricionales que contribuyan al equilibrio de la respuesta inmunológica y extrapolar la evidencia actual en recomendaciones prácticas de alimentación/suplementación para mejorar la homeostasis de la respuesta inmunológica en atletas de élite, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones existentes.Resultados. La evidencia científica apunta que se puede potenciar el equilibrio inmunológico y la respuesta inmune a través de la modificación de factores nutricionales. Dentro de los cuales, la vitamina D, los probióticos, la vitamina C y el cinc son los que cuentan con mayor evidencia. Conclusión. Los avances científicos resultan prometedores y de interés para los atletas de élite, debido a que pueden disminuir la incidencia de IVRA, mejorando el éxito deportivo de los mismos. Se requieren más estudios para su validación y aplicación(AU)
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are debilitating for the athletic potential of elite athletes. Physical exercise in elite athletes activates multiple molecular and biochemical pathways related to the immune system, which, at the same time, are sensitive to nutritional influences. Based on this context, immunonutrition is taking a new direction aimed at achieving the immunological balance. Objective. To investigate the nutritional aspects that can improve the immune response in elite athletes. To study the potential benefits of immune balance to improve performance, to analyse nutritional factors that contribute to the balance of the immune response and to extrapolate current evidence into practical dietary/supplementation recommendations to improve the homeostasis of the immune response in elite athletes, considering existing limitations. Results. Scientific evidence suggests that immune balance and immune response can be enhanced through the modification of nutritional factors. Among which, vitamin D, probiotics, vitamin C and zinc are the micronutrients with most evidence. Conclusion. Scientific advances in this field are promising and of great interest to elite athletes since it could decrease the incidence of URTI and, as a consequence, it could improve their sporting success. However, more studies are still required for its validation and application(AU)
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Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , Nutritional Status , Eating , Athletes , Exercise , Risk Factors , Immune Tolerance , ImmunityABSTRACT
To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid on child upper respiratory infection and conduct Meta-analysis. We electronically retrieved databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, VIP, WanFang and CNKI, for published articles of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid on child upper respiratory infection from inception to April 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened out literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. Then, Meta-analysis were conducted by Stata 15.0 software. A total of 16 RCTs involving 1 924 patients with upper respiratory infection were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the improvement of clinical symptoms, such as fever subsided time(WMD=-3.66, 95%CI[-4.61,-2.72], P<0.001), cough time(WMD=-1.89, 95%CI[-2.51,-1.27], P<0.001), time of runny noses(WMD=-4.60, 95%CI[-5.85,-3.34], P<0.001) and time of sore throat(WMD=-2.62, 95%CI[-3.54,-1.70], P<0.001). Meanwhile, the results of Meta-analysis showed the improvement of laboratory indications, including TNF-α(WMD=-2.68, 95%CI[-2.98,-1.58], P<0.001) and IL-6(WMD=-2.26, 95%CI[-3.36,-2.36], P<0.01). The current evidence shows that Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid may significantly improve the effectiveness and safety. According to the limited quality of included studies, the above conclusion needs be to verified with more high-quality studies.
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Child , Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharyngitis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Objective: Setting priorities in health research is a challenge at the global and national levels.Use of evidence-based approach is uncommon and needs to be promoted in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). We describe profile of Cochrane systematic reviews focussing onparticipation from LMIC. Methods:We searched six Cochrane review groups producingreviews relevant to child health in low- and middle-income countries for published Cochranesystematic reviews from 1 March, 2009 till 18 March, 2015 in the Cochrane Library. Results:A total of 669 Cochrane systematic reviews from six review groups were found. Lowproportion of lead authors from low- and middle-income countries was found in 4 out of 6review groups. About 50% of the reviews showed inconclusive evidence. 101/669 (15%)empty reviews were found needing more primary studies. Conclusions:The proportion ofCochrane authors from low- and middle-income countries is low. Capacity-building insystematic reviews and good quality primary research in these countries is warranted.
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Objective: To explore the compatibility rationality of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SJC) for the treatment of upper respiratory infection (URI). Methods: The potential targets and pathways of 32 compounds selected from ‘heat-clearing and detoxicating group’ (HCDG), ‘relieving exterior syndrome group’ (RESG), and ‘Glycyrrhiza uralensis group (GUG)’ of SJC were predicted by the methods of network pharmacology. The mechanism and compatibility rationality of SJC were analyzed by data integration and analysis. Results: The in silico prediction results showed that 32 compounds of SJC affected 34 related pathways through 94 target proteins which mainly involved with inflammation, lipopolysaccharide and bacterium response, immunoreaction and so on. The three groups of HCDG, RESG, and GUG not only showed common targets and pathways but also had their own emphasis to exert synergistic effects. Conclusion: HCDG plays a therapeutic role by intervening in related physiological process, such as inflammatory response, lipopolysaccharide and bacterium response, defense response and immune response. In addition to providing synergistic effects with HCDG, RESG can also intervene in the process of the sweating and antipyretic through multiple pathways. GUG showed auxiliary therapeutic effect by participating in processes of anti-inflammatory and enhancing the body immunity.
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@#Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that is perpetuated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics among doctors. This study aims to assess the antibiotic prescription rate for patients with acute upper respiratory infection (URI) and acute diarrhoea. Methods: A completed clinical audit cycle was conducted in 2018 in the busy emergency department of a public hospital in Malaysia. Pre- and post-intervention antibiotic prescription data were collected, and changes were implemented through a multifaceted intervention similar to Thailand’s Antibiotics Smart Use programme. Results: Data from a total of 1,334 pre-intervention and 1,196 post-intervention patients were collected from the hospital’s electronic medical records. The mean (SD) age of participants was 19.88 (17.994) years. The pre-intervention antibiotic prescription rate was 11.2% for acute diarrhoea and 29.1% for acute URI, both of which are above the average national rates. These antibiotic prescription rates significantly reduced post-intervention to 6.2% and 13.7%, respectively, falling below national averages. Antibiotic prescription rate was highest for young children. There were no significant changes in rates of re-attendance or hospital admission following the intervention. Conclusion: The multifaceted intervention, which included continuing medical education, physician reminders and patient awareness, was effective in improving the antibiotic prescription rates for these two conditions.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali, so as to provide experiences for prevention and control of acute upper respiratory infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the case history of upper respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical data of the patients were recorded and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 484 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the time distribution, most patients with upper respiratory tract infections were concentrated in May, August, September and December. WBC in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.41, P=0.008), Gran in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.92, P0.05). The electrolyte K, Ca, Na and Cl values in fever group were lower than those in normal temperature group (all P<0.05). Conclusions In terms of time distribution, under the circumstances of rotation and handover of peacekeeping forces, seasonal change, large temperature difference between day and night, etc, the peacekeeping forces should take precautions to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and avoid non-combat attrition of peacekeepers. From the analysis of clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection, fever alone is not an indication of antibiotic use, but must be combined with symptoms, signs and laboratory examinations of patients. At the same time, patients with fever are prone to electrolyte disorders, which should be paid great attention by medical staff.
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Sweet's syndrome also known as acute neutrophilic dermatosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by fever, malaise, leukocytosis, and skin lesions. Sweet's syndrome affects multiple organs though only rarely does it affect the central nervous system (CNS) when it does it is called Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD). We report on a case study of a biopsy-proven NSD in a 50 year old man. Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed repeated CNS involvement of Sweet's syndrome after a respiratory tract infection preceded it. On the MRI, T2 hyperintense lesions occurred at multiple sites and disappeared after steroid therapy.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System , Fever , Leukocytosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neutrophils , Respiratory Tract Infections , Skin , Skin Diseases , Sweet SyndromeABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Fuganlin Oral Liquid in treatment of acute upper respiatory infection (AURI) in pratical application. Methods: A multi-centered observational study was conducted. Total 2124 patients were administrated with Fuganlin Oral Liquid for one week, and observed the cure rate and the occurrence rate of complications in different levels, and the safety was evaluated. Results: The total cure rate was 95.12%, and there was no significant difference on it among different dosage and diagnosis groups, while patients (younger than one year old) took Fuganlin Oral Liquid alone had higher cure rate. The occurrence rate of complications was 0.24%, and there was no statistical difference among different dosage, age, and diagnosis groups, while patient took Fuganlin Oral Liquid alone had lower rate than combination therapy. The rateS of adverse events and adverse reaction were 1.37% and 1.04%, there was statistical difference except in different dosage groups. Conclusion: Fuganlin Oral Liquid has high cure rate and low complication rate. It has a good clinical efficacy, especially in young age groups. The efficacy of Qi deficiency group and wind heat syndrome group, even the disease diagnosis group was similar. A few clinical adverse events and adverse reaction was founded, high dosage group was as safe as the low dosage group. Above all, Fuganlin Oral Liquid has widely applied prospect in clinical practice.
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Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule in the treatment of infantile upper respiratory tract infections.Methods 100 children with upper respiratory tract infection were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule,the control group was given ribavirin effervescent granules.The effects of the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96％,which was significantly higher than 78％ of the control group (x2 =9.500 6,P ＜ 0.05).The fever,symptoms and signs of improvement time in the observation group were better than those in the control group.Conclusion Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule in the treatment of infantile upper respiratory tract infection can defervesce quickly,and has quick curative effect,so it is worthy of promotion.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Suhuang Zhike capsules combined with montelukast in the treatment of cough caused by upper respiratory infection. Methods:Totally 120 patients with cough after upper respiratory infection were randomly divided into the treatment group (64 cases) and the control group (56 cases) by the random number table. The control group received Montelukast chewable tablets alone(10 mg,po qn), while the treatment group received Suhaung Zhike capsules(1. 35 g,po,tid) com-bined with Montelukast chewable tablets. The treatment course was 2 weeks, and the efficacy and adverse reactions between the two groups after the treatment were compared. Results:The significant efficiency and the total efficiency of the observation group were sig-nificantly highter than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups had no significant differencet(P<0. 05). Conclusion: As for the clinic efficacy, the combination of Suhaung Zhike capsules and Montelukast is significantly better than Montelukast therapy, and the combina-tion is an effective and safe treatment for cough after upper respiratory infection and worthy of promotion in clinical practice.
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We present a case of life threatening laryngospasm following LMA removal in an asymptomatic infant with past history of watery nasal discharge, relieved of his symptoms by nasal drops. Child was operated for hernia under general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation on LMA with an uneventful intra-operative course.
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BACKGROUND: Initial treatment of acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) should not include antibiotics because most AURIs are caused by virus. However, the prescription rate of antibiotics in Korea is higher than in any other countries. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in Korea accelerated the emergence of antibiotics resistance and increased the social and economic burden. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors related to antibiotics use for the AURI among children-adolescents and adults. METHODS: This study analyzed the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample data which was nationally representative sampling stratified by sex and age. RESULTS: The influencing factors of antibiotics use for AURI are gender, age, types of medical security, primary disease, existence of concomitant disease, treatment seasons, first visit or revisit, indicated specialty, types of medical institution, and location of medical institution. CONCLUSION: The results showed health policy makers are required to place more efforts to resolve inappropriate antibiotics use. Especially they need to establish a health policy to reduce the gap between areas and specialties and recommend standardized clinical guidelines according to the subgroup code of AURI and the age group of patients.
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Adult , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Health Policy , Insurance, Health , Korea , Prescriptions , SeasonsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate clinical effect of sIgA combined with Jiawei Yuping Feng pulvis in treatment of upper respiratory infection ( URI) in children.Methods 160 children in hospital diagnosed with URI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.With basic treatment, the control group were treated with Jiawei Yuping Feng pulvis, twice per day, 3 g each time, orally; treatment group on the basis of control group, secretory IgA via nasal drip, 0.3-0.5 mg/( kg? d) , dividing into 6-8 times.The treatment course was 7 days.The total efficiency, improvement of symptoms and adverse reactions were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate of treatment group (96.25%) was significantly higher than control group (85%)(χ2 =5.96, P<0.05).After 7 days of treatment, WBC and NEUT% of treatment group decreased significantly compared with control group ( P <0.05 ) .The fever, sore throat and runny nose, cough and expectoration symptom remission time of treatment group were significantly shorter than control group (P<0.05).Adverse reactions of both groups were lower.Conclusion It is effective to treat URI in children using sIgA combined with Jiawei Yuping Feng pulvis therapy, and it has few adverse reactions.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility and security of general anesthesia for elective surgery in infants with mild upper respiratory tract infections (URI). Methods A total of 169 cases of infants underwent general anesthesia for elective surgery, ASAⅠorⅡ, both sexes, aged 20 days to 36 months, were divided into URI group (n=41) and non-URI group (n=128), according to the preoperative symptoms of URI. The general data, the perioperative and postoperative respiratory-related complications were observed and recorded. Results (1) There was a higher incidence rate of breath holding during the operation in URI group than that of URI group. There were no significant differences in cough, sputum, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2)<0.95, fever, glossoptosis between two groups. No fever was found in both groups. There was a higher incidence rate of sputum after operation in URI group. There were no significant differences in other complications including cough, SpO2<0.95, fever, glos?soptosis and incidence rate of breath holding between two groups. No laryngospasm and bronchospasm were found during operation and after operation in two groups. (2)The incidence of postoperative cough and fever increased, while the inci?dence rates of SpO2<0.95 and glossoptosis were lower after operation compared with those during operation in non-URI group. In URI group, the incidence rate of postoperative fever was higher,and SpO2<0.95 and breath holding was lower. There were no significant differences in other complications in URI group. Conclusion It is feasible and relatively safe to implement tracheal intubation general anesthesia for the infants with mild URI under thorough preoperative assessment and careful opera?tive management.
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Zinc is an important trace element,and zinc deficiency will lead to a series of metabolic disorders and pathological changes.Zinc deficiency is still a problem among Chinese children.In recent years,the relationship between zinc and respiratory infection disease is becoming a hot issue.This article reviews the impact of zinc supplementation on the morbidity,mortality and the duration of common cold and lower respiratory infections,as well as the possible mechanism of zinc on respiratory diseases.
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Objective To compare the clinical effect and safety of children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated with Yanhuning and ribavirin.Methods 182 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated were selected and divided into observation group and control group randomly.All children were given general symptomatic and supportive treatment.Yanhuning was added in observe group,10mg · kg-1 · d-1,ivgtt,qd,and ribavirin was added in control group,10mg · kg-1 · d-1,ivgtt,qd.Changes and disappearance time of clinical symptoms were observed.Results 89 cases (97.80％) were treated effectively in observation group,while 73 cases (80.22％) in control group,the efficacy of Yanhuning was higher than that of ribavirin (P ＜ 0.05).The time of clinical symptoms disappeared and blood examination recovering were shorter in observation group than that in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Scores of fever and cough in observation group were (2.90 ± 0.04) and (2.87 ± 0.06),while those in control group were (2.37 ± 0.11) and (2.26 ± 0.13).The scores in observation group were higher than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Yanhuning applied in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treatment is efficacy and safe,and it could adjust systemic immunity of children,which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To understand the utilization of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory infection through retrospectively analyzing the prescription in the outpatient department in a whole year,therefore to improve the rational drug using in primary healthy institutions.Methods Prescriptions from the outpatient department,Jan.2010 to Dec.2010 were managed in Excel software and the utilization was analyzed.Results In a total of 6101 prescriptions,2462(40.35％ ) were for upper respiratory infection.Of the 2462 prescriptions,1962(79.69％ )used antibiotics.The amount of prescriptions and the rate of antibiotics used were significantly higher than those for other infection diseases.Conclusion The investigation shows antibiotics abuse in primary healthy institution has become a severe problem.While the stuff in primary healthy institution are trained for some specific aims,the promotion should be spread to let doctors and patients know the danger of antibiotics abuse.
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Postviral olfactory disorder (PVOD) is a sensorineural olfactory loss following an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and there is a close temporal connection between PVOD and URTI. PVOD is more common in women over 50 years of age. A thorough otolaryngologic evaluation including history, physical examination, neurologic assessment, and olfactory function test is mandatory to diagnose PVOD. Spontaneous recovery might occur in some patients from 6 months to several years. Although many drugs have been tried to treat it, no effective medical treatment exists. Patients should be counseled regarding safety issue and quality of life issue.
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Female , Humans , Physical Examination , Quality of Life , Respiratory Tract Infections , Smell , VirusesABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between microecological balance and the syndrome type of acute upper respiratory infection.Methods The nature and quantity of pharyngeal flora were assayed in 31 cases of wind-cold acute upper respiratory infection and 36 cases of wind-heat acute upper respiratory infection,with 30 healthy cases served in control group.Results There was a significant rise of concentration of pharynx flora in acute upper respiratory infection than that in control group,whereas there was a significant decrease of diversity of pharynx flora in acute upper respiratory infection than that in control.Conclusion Imbalance of pharyngeal micro-ecology is one of the major factors leading to acute upper respiratory infection,manifested as insufficiency of genuine Qi failure in guarding.