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This work aims to establish an HPLC specific chromatogram and determine six components of Vernonia anthelmintica with chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, scutellarein and luteolin as index components. HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters Xbridge C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.05% trifluoroacetic acid solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1). The detection wave length was 360 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Chemometrics software Chempattern was employed to analyze the data. HPLC specific chromatogram of V. anthelmintica was established and six characteristic peaks were marked. Six characteristic peaks were simultaneously determined by HPLC within 50 min. The contents of the six components in 13 batch samples of V. anthelmintica were 0.14%-0.68%, 0.44%-0.74%, 0.63%-1.01%, 0.14%-0.71%, 0.15%-0.26% and 0.010%-0.030%, respectively. The HPLC specific chromatogram of V. anthelmintica, together with determination of six components showed strong specificity, and it can be used for the quality control of the crude drug.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Phytochemicals/analysis , Quality Control , Vernonia/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture plus external medicine application for cervical radiculopathy.Methods:A total of 98 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group based on the random digital table.The observation group (50 cases) was treated by acupuncture plus external medicine application and the control group (48 cases) was treated by acupuncture alone.The patients received the treatment every day.Ten sessions made a course.Cervical spondylosis symptom scale was used to assess the cases before and after the treatment.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups after the treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 98.1％ in the observation group versus 87.6％ in the control group with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).The cure rate was 52.0％ in the observation group versus 18.8％ in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the score of cervical spondylosis symptom scale between the two groups before the treatment (P＞0.05).It increased with a significant difference in both groups after the treatment (both P＜0.05),while a significant difference was found in the results between the two groups after the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture plus external medicine application is more effective than acupuncture alone for treating cervical radiculopathy.The method also effectively improves the clinical symptoms.
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Based on medical ethics, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur Medicine diagnosis and treatment program of hyperlipidemia was done and demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, efficacy evaluation, nursing data and other information were collated. The main and secondary disease manifestations of hyperlipidemia were analyzed inductively and hyperlipidemia were divided into 4 types in Uyghur Medicine field, which were surplus and sticky Kan type, Chuchumal Balgham type, Gaisiman Balgham type, and Koygan Savda type. Therefore, Uighur Medicine syndrome type standards of hyperlipidemia were established. Treatment efficacy was evaluated with the combination of laboratory observation parameters and main and secondary disease manifestations. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national medicine review, this study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of hyperlipidemia with new Uyghur Medicine (draft).
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In this study, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of osteoporosis was done and demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collected. The main and secondary disease manifestations of osteoporosis were analyzed inductively. Osteoporosis was divided into 2 types in Uyghur medicine field, which were abnormal Savda type and abnormal Balgham type. Uighur medicine syndrome type standards of osteoporosis were established. Treatment efficacy was evaluated according to bone pain, bone density, life quality, and improvement of clinical symptoms and Uyghur medical symptoms. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national drug review, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis with new Uyghur medicine (draft).
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This research conducted retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur Medicine diagnosis and treatment program of shingles, and collected information about demography, diagnostics, and therapeutics, efficacy evaluation and nursing to conclude and analyze the main syndromes and sub-disease performance. Shingles was divided into 3 types in Uyghur Medicine field: abnormal blood type shingles, abnormal bile liquid type shingles, and abnormal black choledochal typeshingles. Uighur Medicine syndrome type standards of shingles were established. Rash suspended time, rash dry scab time, the pain start to ease time interval, time completely pain, pain bounce rate, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and PHN recovery time were evaluated. Disease and syndrome clinical criteria of shingles were established by evaluating Uygur Medical symptoms improvement, improvement of patients’ life quality and the changes in patients’ internal environment. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national medicine review, the research developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of shingles with new Uyghur Medicine (draft).
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between the change in metabolic components of urine and the abnormal sapra syndrome by using a rat model of abnormal sapra syndrome.Methods:Multiple factors,such as dry environment,dry feed,and chronic electrical stimulation,were used to establish the abnormal sapra syndrome in Wistar rats by Uyghur medicine.The differences in metabolites were detected through the metabonomics method.Results:The urine of rats in abnormal sapra syndrome group showed significant high abundance metabolites as follows:Leucine,isoleucine,and glycoprotein.And that significant low abundance metabolites as follows:Glutamine,creatine,citric acid,and phenylalanine.Conclusion:The urine of rats with the abnormal sapra syndrome displays abnormal energy metabolism.It is likely that the dysfunctional metabolisms of three major nutrients might be the molecular basis for the abnormal sapra syndrome.
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In this study, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur Medicine diagnosis and treatment program of common cold was done and demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collected, sorted out and analyzed to determine the diagnostic cretiria of Uygur Medicine syndrome factors. Syndrome differentiation standard with the syndrome factors of the enrties of main syndromes and sub-syndromes and symptomatic diagnosis chart was established. Combined with the symptoms of common cold, the efficacy evaluation standards were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine review, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of common cold with new Uyghur Medicine (draft).
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In this article, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur Medicine diagnosis and treatment program of acne vulgaris was done and demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collated and analyzed. The main and secondary disease manifestations of acne vulgaris were analyzed inductively and acne vulgaris was divided into 3 types in Uyghur Medicine field, which are blood-type acne vulgaris, yellow bile-type acne vulgaris, and astringent mucus-type acne vulgaris. Uyghur Medicine syndrome type standards of acne vulgaris were established. At the same time, through evaluating skin integrity and morphology of lesions as well as changes in patients’ symptoms and quality of life and observing changes in patients’ internal environment respectively before and after treatment, disease and syndrome clinical criteria of acne vulgaris were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national medicine review, this study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of acne vulgaris with new Uyghur Medicine.
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Objective To investigate the long-term toxicity of an Uyhgur medicine, Kursi Kaknaq, on hematological parameters in the rats.Methods A total of 120 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, low dose (0.32 g/kg? d ), moderate dose (1.6 g/kg? d) and high dose (3.2g/kg? d) Kursi Kaknaq groups.The drug was given orally, 6 days per week for 180 days.The control group was given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose suspension. Results No death was recorded in the rats and no obvious toxic events were observed during the experiment. Hematological parameters including RBC, HGB, MCH, MCHC, LYMP%, WBC, and PLT; biochemical parameters including ALT,AST, ALP, GLU, BUN, ALB ,TBIL, Crea, TCHO, TG, and CK; electrolyte time parameters such as K+, Na+, Cl-and prothrombin time(PT) showed statistically significant differences (P <0.05 and P <0.01), but did not show time and dose effect regularity, and no pathological significance.Conclusions No obvious toxic effects on hematological parameters are observed in the SD rats treated with Kursi Kaknaq at doses of 0.32 g, 1.6 g, or 3.2 g (crude drug) /kg? d orally administered for 180 days, indicating that this drug is safe for long-term clinical use.
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Objective To extract Xinjiang Uyghur medicine image features and analyze the features; To investigate the image classification effect of the researched features; To find the suitable features for Xinjiang Uyghur medicine image classification; To lay the foundation for content-based medical image retrieval system of Xinjiang Uyghur medicine images.Methods The flowers and leaves of Xinjiang Uyghur medicine were treated as the research objects. First, images were under preprocessing. Then color and textural features were extracted as original features and statistics method was used to analyze the features. Maximum classification distance was used to analyze the main features obtained from image classification. At last, the classification ability of features was evaluated by Bayes discriminant analysis.Results Color and textural features were selected and classified. The correct classification rate of flower images was 85% and the correct classification rate of leaf images was 62%. The classification effect of flower images used by selected features was better than classification effect of original feature.Conclusion Compared with the classification of original features, the classification accuracy of flower medicine is higher through selected features. This research can lay a certain foundation for the further researches on Xinjiang Uyghur medicine images and the improvement of feature extraction methods.
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Uyghur medicine has not yet had the clinical research guidelines consistent with Uyghur medicine theory for its new medicine. In this research, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of stable angina was conducted. Data about demography, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation, and nursing were collated and analyzed. Uyghur medicine syndrome diagnosis indicators and their contribution to stable angina were identified, and Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria were established. Uyghur medicine established its primary and secondary disease syndrome and its symptoms quantization table entries for the syndrome elements of Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria. Then combined with symptoms of angina and ECG changes, nitroglycerin stop and decrement rate, evaluation criteria for the efficacy of disease symptom combination were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine evaluation, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of stable angina with new Uyghur medicine.
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Retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of eczema was done. Demography, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collated and analyzed. With analysis and summary of the primary and the secondary symptoms, eczema was divided into four types:blood corruption type (Ofunetlengen Kan Tiplik), blue colored yellow bile type (Zenggereng Sapra Tiplik), abnormal black bile type (Hayri Tabii Savda Hilitlik), and salty phlegm type (Shor Belgem Hilitlik). Uyghur Medicine syndrome differentiation and efficacy evaluation criteria were established. Skin itching, lesion shape, and lesion area integral of patients were scored before and after the treatment, respectively. According to the improvement in symptoms of Uyghur medicine syndrome and life quality of patients, and the internal environment change, evaluation criteria for the efficacy of disease symptom combination were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine assessment technology, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of eczema with new Uyghur medicine.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of heat transfer process in sand therapy in Uyghur medicine. Methods A mathematical model was developed to describe the heat transfer process between human body and the sand during sand therapy. Temperature field was numerically simulated and analyzed based on this model. Results Temperature field in both human tissues and sand was calculated. The surface temperature of the sand and skin surface changed significantly at the beginning of the sand therapy, while sand temperature (5 cm deep) almost kept constant. The skin temperature dramatically increased at the beginning of the sand therapy and then slightly dropped. When sand was deeper than 10 cm, the thickness of sand would not influence the temperature field in human tissues during sand therapy. High initial temperature of sand might cause harmful skin burn. Threshold skin burn occurred if initial temperature of sand was higher than 64.6 ℃ and if the therapy lasted more than 30 minutes.Conclusion Temperature fieled in human tissues varies significantly with the initial temperature of sand, thickness of sand, and duration of therapy.
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Objective To study the effects of sand therapy on the ultrastructure of knee articular cartilage in rabbits with osteoarthritis ( OA ) and provide evidence of the effectiveness of sand therapy for OA in Uyghur medicine. Methods Models of knee OA were established by fixing with gypsum the right hind limbs of 28 rabbits. Of these, twenty-six rabbits were divided randomly into a free movement group and a free movement plus sand therapy group, and their left hind limbs were used as normal controls. Another two rabbits were used as specimens. The thirteen rabbits in the free movement group after the gypsum fixings were removed were allowed free movement every day for 20 days; the thirteen rabbits in the free movement plus sand therapy group had free movement plus sand therapy every day. The ultrastructure of each rabbit' s knee articular cartilage was observed using an electron microscope. Results Models of knee OA were established successfully. The changes in the ultrastructure of the knee articular cartilage revealed cell swelling, cell debris in part of the cartilage lacunae, and cartilage cells proliferating. The matrix of cartilage cells was thin, hetero chromatin concentrated on the margin and presented in a crescent form. Cell organellae decreased obviously, which was a sign of apoptosis. After the gypsum fixings were removed, the proliferation of cartilage cells gradually increased and rough endoplasmic reticula increased remarkably in the articular cartilages of the right hind knees of the free movement group. Cell pycnosis, disintegration and necrosis could be found in a few cells. The movement of the affected knees of the group treated with sand therapy plus free movement improved more significantly , and the changes in cartilage ultrastructure revealed more cell active proliferation, more rough endoplasmic reticu-lum, more cell surface processes and more matrix fibers. The morphology of cartilage cells in the control knees remained normal. Conclusion It is confirmed that Uyghur sand therapy combined with movement can improve the ultrastructure of knee articular cartilage in a rabbit model of OA.
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Objective To study the heating effect on skin of the therapeutic sand used in the Uyghur medicine. Methods We have continuously collected data of the dynamically changing surface body temperature during the course of sand therapy. Having applied the surface skin response equations, we calculated the situational effects on surface skin tissue by examining different temperature fields and time segments. All the data was collected by a 2 700 type multichannel data collection apparatus. Results It was found that, in the period of mid June to mid August every year, the air temperature of the sand therapy facility was 40?2.3℃ at the time 15∶00 to 18∶00 in the afternoon and the sand used as a medicinal poultice could be maintained at the temperature of 38?4.6℃ at the depth of 20 cm from the surface of the sand. During the process of sand therapy, the skin surface temperature rises rapidly, up to 39℃,but the skin surface temperature falls subsequently, as the heat stimulates perspiration and the cooling effect of evaporation takes place to 36?0.32℃. Two to three hours later, the surface skin temperature gets stable and maintained at 36?0.6℃. Conclusion When the sand temperature reached 43℃, it could not hurt the skin and tissue, because the body temperature could balance with sand temperature at an ideal temperature for the skin. The ideal time for sand therapy is during the period from June and August, at 15∶00~18∶00 every day. When the air temperature reaches 40?2.3℃, the sand temperature will be below 38?4.6℃. Under these conditions the human body should be buried under the sand at the depth of 20 cm for a period of one half to one hour to achieve therapeutic effects.